Art Appreciation- Living with Art Ch. 13 Architecture
Fabric structures are also known as/
tensile framework
Concrete is composed of
gravel cement water
What era of peoples first made use of fabric architecture?
stone age
Green architecture is largely a response to
the unsustainable cost of industrialization
what is the significance of the portico in the illustration?
to trick visitors into thinking they were visiting a post-and-lintel temple
The ionic style of greek architecture is classified by
voluted capitals stepped column bases
When deciding on the structural system for a building, ______ and ________ are the first considerations
weight and tensile strength
__________ is the name for sun dried brick used as an architectural building material
Adobe
Which culture's hypostyle halls were relatively dark with only the very top of the load-berring walls pierced with small windows
Ancient Egypt
In a Greek temple, what are the three basic elements of an entablature?
Architrave, Frieze, Cornice
This image represents a _________ or an arch extended in depth
Barrel Vault
In a vaulted church, each rectangular division of space, consisting of one groin vault is called a
Bay
Suspension techniques are most closely associated with the construction of _______
Bridges
What structural feature reinforces and supports the outward thrusts of arches from the outside?
Buttresses
During the mid-19th century the experimental use of _____ as a building material allowed for breakthroughs in the development of the skeleton-and-skin structural system
Cast-iron
where did the style of column in this image originate
China
As shown in this illustration, _______ rely on rows of stones that extend over each other until the opening is bridged.
Corbelled domes
The skeleton of the _________ __________ was the aesthetic focus because it had no decorative embellishments
Eiffel Tower
True or False: Concrete was invented during the late 19th century as a cheap and easily transportable material
False
Which of the following architectural elements are characteristic of Gothic style?
Flying buttresses Pointed arches Rose windows
What type of dome is shown in this illustration
Geodesic
What elements are associated with Romanesque style?
Groin vaults Barrel vaults
A vast roofed space of post-and-lintel construction is called?
Hypostyle hall
Reinforced-concrete construction is most similar to the __________ structural system
Shell
Used building skyscrapers, ______ construction uses a metal cage to support a decorative exterior of another material such as glass, masonry, or stone.
Steel frame
What type of skeleton-and-skin construction is shown in this illustration?
Steel-frame
Which types of materials are suitable in the construction of load-bearing architecture
Stone Brick Adobe Ice blocks
What are the two most common materials use in post-and-lintel construction?
Stone and wood
What is the primary drawback of post-and-lintel architecture?
The limitation to span relatively large open space
What technological advancement of the 1980s influenced digital design and manufacturing?
The personal computer
In Greek temple design, the ________ is the band of lintels immediately over the columns, and directly beneath the frieze
architrave
What are the two main components of CAD/CAM?
computer-aided design and manufacturing (digital technology and computer-driven technology)
In a skeleton-and-skin system, the support structure of a building is
contained inside more fragile outer layers and is generally not visible
The purpose of green architecture is to
create a healthier and less wasteful human habitat
The use of the bracket set and the stepped truss system in Eastern architecture
distributes the weight of the roof evenly across a series of columns
The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London,
established the success of cast-iron as a building material
Gothic style architecture is well-known for the use of _______ buttresses that support the outward thrusts of soaring arches
flying
_______ construction was developed to allow for the fabrication of tall buildings not possible using balloon-frame techniques
steel-frame
___________ allow the height of a vault to be increased dramatically without necessitating a wider base
pointed arches
in architecture an element in compression is being _________, an element in tension is being ___________
pushed pulled
Which elements characterize international style skyscrapers
simple geometric forms Start linear emphasis
A drawback of load-bearing construction is
the inability to insert large openings, such as windows, in the walls
________ __________ are relatively lightweight, amazingly strong, and built with prefabricated modules, all of which allows for quick and inexpensive construction
Geodesic domes
the ________ incorporates placing an immense dome on top of a massive square base
hagia sophia
Which of the following innovations made balloon-frame construction practical?
improved milling lumber techinques mass-produced nails
The __________ age ushered in the harnessing of steam, leading to the creation of the steam engine, the internal combustion enging, and the turbine
industrial
The construction of the Eiffel Tower
is a quintessential example of skeleton architecture
Louis sullivan's wainwright building
is considered to be the advent of modern skyscraper construction
