Art Appreciation- Living with Art Ch. 13 Architecture

Fabric structures are also known as/

tensile framework

Concrete is composed of

gravel cement water

What era of peoples first made use of fabric architecture?

stone age

Green architecture is largely a response to

the unsustainable cost of industrialization

what is the significance of the portico in the illustration?

to trick visitors into thinking they were visiting a post-and-lintel temple

The ionic style of greek architecture is classified by

voluted capitals stepped column bases

When deciding on the structural system for a building, ______ and ________ are the first considerations

weight and tensile strength

__________ is the name for sun dried brick used as an architectural building material

Adobe

Which culture's hypostyle halls were relatively dark with only the very top of the load-berring walls pierced with small windows

Ancient Egypt

In a Greek temple, what are the three basic elements of an entablature?

Architrave, Frieze, Cornice

This image represents a _________ or an arch extended in depth

Barrel Vault

In a vaulted church, each rectangular division of space, consisting of one groin vault is called a

Bay

Suspension techniques are most closely associated with the construction of _______

Bridges

What structural feature reinforces and supports the outward thrusts of arches from the outside?

Buttresses

During the mid-19th century the experimental use of _____ as a building material allowed for breakthroughs in the development of the skeleton-and-skin structural system

Cast-iron

where did the style of column in this image originate

China

As shown in this illustration, _______ rely on rows of stones that extend over each other until the opening is bridged.

Corbelled domes

The skeleton of the _________ __________ was the aesthetic focus because it had no decorative embellishments

Eiffel Tower

True or False: Concrete was invented during the late 19th century as a cheap and easily transportable material

False

Which of the following architectural elements are characteristic of Gothic style?

Flying buttresses Pointed arches Rose windows

What type of dome is shown in this illustration

Geodesic

What elements are associated with Romanesque style?

Groin vaults Barrel vaults

A vast roofed space of post-and-lintel construction is called?

Hypostyle hall

Reinforced-concrete construction is most similar to the __________ structural system

Shell

Used building skyscrapers, ______ construction uses a metal cage to support a decorative exterior of another material such as glass, masonry, or stone.

Steel frame

What type of skeleton-and-skin construction is shown in this illustration?

Steel-frame

Which types of materials are suitable in the construction of load-bearing architecture

Stone Brick Adobe Ice blocks

What are the two most common materials use in post-and-lintel construction?

Stone and wood

What is the primary drawback of post-and-lintel architecture?

The limitation to span relatively large open space

What technological advancement of the 1980s influenced digital design and manufacturing?

The personal computer

In Greek temple design, the ________ is the band of lintels immediately over the columns, and directly beneath the frieze

architrave

What are the two main components of CAD/CAM?

computer-aided design and manufacturing (digital technology and computer-driven technology)

In a skeleton-and-skin system, the support structure of a building is

contained inside more fragile outer layers and is generally not visible

The purpose of green architecture is to

create a healthier and less wasteful human habitat

The use of the bracket set and the stepped truss system in Eastern architecture

distributes the weight of the roof evenly across a series of columns

The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London,

established the success of cast-iron as a building material

Gothic style architecture is well-known for the use of _______ buttresses that support the outward thrusts of soaring arches

flying

_______ construction was developed to allow for the fabrication of tall buildings not possible using balloon-frame techniques

steel-frame

___________ allow the height of a vault to be increased dramatically without necessitating a wider base

pointed arches

in architecture an element in compression is being _________, an element in tension is being ___________

pushed pulled

Which elements characterize international style skyscrapers

simple geometric forms Start linear emphasis

A drawback of load-bearing construction is

the inability to insert large openings, such as windows, in the walls

________ __________ are relatively lightweight, amazingly strong, and built with prefabricated modules, all of which allows for quick and inexpensive construction

Geodesic domes

the ________ incorporates placing an immense dome on top of a massive square base

hagia sophia

Which of the following innovations made balloon-frame construction practical?

improved milling lumber techinques mass-produced nails

The __________ age ushered in the harnessing of steam, leading to the creation of the steam engine, the internal combustion enging, and the turbine

industrial

The construction of the Eiffel Tower

is a quintessential example of skeleton architecture

Louis sullivan's wainwright building

is considered to be the advent of modern skyscraper construction