Art History Part 2 Final Exam

Duchamp, Fountain, Dada, early 20th c

"armut": poverty desolation destruction (in Germany) - Just a urinal on its side - Challenging tradition - Assisted Ready made item - Its not what is produced (skill of brushwork) denied the viewer the ability to view something beautiful it is the idea that counts - rich in ideas - saying that art can be humorous - Challenges what is art and the importance of technique and skill - Challenges the meaning of an object by taking a urinal out of context it creates a new meaning - allows viewer to assign meaning to art - challenges the significance of a piece of art as it can be easily replaced if broken or lost

Ai Weiwei, Sunflower Seeds, Tate Modern, London, Postmodernism (Installation Art), since 1980

- 100 million seeds - Hand painted made in porcelain capital of china - can show issues of identity (appear the same but all individual) - China is known for mass producing cheap products but each is hand crafted porcelain

Chicago, The Dinner Party, Feminist Art, 20th c

- 13 placemats on each side 39 total - 39 women who have been forgotten - 999 women on tiles from history - each place setting is specific to them - similar to leonardo da vinci last supper but for women transformed spiritually for women - made by over 400 women Feminist Art - began feminist movement to empower females together to fight issues for women in culture -

Goya, The Third of May 1808, Romanticism 1800-1850

- 15,000 Spainards kiled by French troops - Faceless soldiers - Diagonal wall leads to soldiers and their guns lead to man the center of painting - Man looks like christ on cross like a martyr for the people of Spain

Cézanne, Mont Sainte-Victoire, Post Impressionism Late 19th

- Changes the contour of the landscape in order to match the shape of the tree - Denying recession of space by blending middle foreground with leaves - Grid like application of paint - Analytical structural approach to denying spacial regression

Goya, the Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters, (from Los Caprichos), Romanticism 1800-1850

- Etching (Acid), Drypoint (Physically carve) and Aquatint (Shading less linear lines) it was a combo of all these methods - Interested in dreamworld and sublime - Los Caprichos: weakness of man (folly of misdirected interests) - Maybe a symbolic self portrait - Creatures tormenting showing this is a nightmare scene Terms: - etching - drypoint - aquatint

Paxton, The Crystal Palace, Architecture mid-late 19th century

- Exhibition hall built in 6 months - Barrel vault in the middle - Length 1851 ft. - Reversel of interior and exterior with water and trees inside along with the natural light pouring in allowing for the opening up of space Terms: - Great Exhibition, 1851

Schiele, Self-Portrait, German Expressionism, early 20th c

- Exploring expressions of mood, intensity and sexuality - unnatural body shape - expressive lines and brushwork

Matisse, Woman with a Hat, Fauvism 1905-1915

- Fauvism: Brightly colored, Wild use of color - Uses heavy black lines for outlines - Combo of loose and thin brushstrokes - Influenced by cezanne - colors blend together - color has a life of its own

Manet, A Bar at the Folies-Bergere, Impressionism 1870-1890

- Folies-Bergere was a place for events - Middle class flanuer looking at her to make a play that the viewer is looking at her - Her reflection should be behind her but Manet shifted perspective - Manet defies the natural world with his technique - Manet could be making a comment on isolation in that you could be surrounded by people but still feel alone - bartender the only one in detail to show isolation personify - Bartender could represent the new Paris where things are nice but some may feel alone - Bright colors and reflective qualities of light link to impressionism

Courbet, Burial at Ornans, Realism 1840-1865

- Funerary scene for great uncle in home town - Portraits of people he knew - 10'x21' so very very large - Something this large is traditionally historical painting - Grave spills out into viewers space to show moments mori - Some linkages to traditional art like moments mori - Paints each individual with a lot of detail - People thought it was horrible he replied with this is what he believes realism is Terms: - lithograph

Gehry, Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain, Postmodernism, since 1980

- Ground breaking architecture - worked with computer design programs to create - sense of movement - reflective - described in many ways by people by gehry says blossoming flower -

Matisse, The Joy of Life, Fauvism 1905-1915

- Harmony of colors similar to musical composition - Playing with the idea of space (challenging traditional ideas of recession of space) - Influenced by gauguin -

Van Gogh, Night Cafe, Post Impressionism 1880-1890

- He was avant-garde and never really sold his paintings - Letter to his brother about this painting: night is more colored than the day, clash and contrast of red and green, cafe is a place where one can ruin themselves, commit a crime or go mad - Color had emotional quality - Black outline used, cropping effect and diagonal composition - express terrible passions of humanity through red and green

Impressionism 1870 - 1890

- No rules, no manifesto, interested in light and subject matter Subject Matter: - Portraits Bourgeoise Flaneur - Contemporary Life/ genre scenes - Landscapes Paris and environments Banks of Seine River Parks, broad avenues - Entertainment and Leisure Theaters and entertainment districts Opera and ballet Racetracks, restaurants and cafes - Interested in contrast of light and dark - very similar to realism but mainly focused on landscapes not figure and light that reflected off All Because of INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Terms: - photography: contrast of light and dark and no surface change it appears flat - color wheel / Chevreul & simultaneous contrasts: optical effects of color - complementary color: colors directly opposite each other in the color spectrum, such as red and green or blue and orange, that when combined in the right proportions, produce an intensity of color - Japanese woodblock print: used during impressionism - Black outlines common during impressionism - Loose brushwork continued - (Hiroshige) - en plein air: due to new innovations in painting technology they were able to paint on site for true inspiration

Christo and Jeanne-Claude, Running Fence, Site-specific, 20th c

- Long time to prepare and only stays up for a short time (this two weeks and 4 years to prepare) - 24 miles total - Appears as minimalist art as it is just produced by a factory - work is about the entire process of implementing the concept: endless negotiations of government officials and farmers to the work of putting it up and taking down - Forced people to look at the land recognizing how it is financially emotionally and aesthetically valued - Use of word fence raises issues about how the land was to be used and for whom - just leaves a memory for the viewer

Daumier, It's Safe to Release This One, Realism 1840-1865

- Louis-Phillipe King on left - Guy is dead and chained to bed but king is feeling his pulse and says to let him go but he is already dead - Artist made king look like a pear - Lithography: Planographic process, done on limestone based on the fact that oil and water don't mix (Revolutionary for newspapers journals etc. - Gov't killed innocent workers Terms: - Louis-Philippe - lithograph

Van Gogh, Starry Night, Post Impressionism 1880-1890

- Made in the year of his suicide - Cyprus tree overlooking a city - Swirling movement of night sky - Energy shown in motion of brushwork with cool color palette pierced by illuminating stars

Smithson, Spiral Jetty, Great Salt Lake, Utah, Earthworks, 20th c

- Manipulating elements of the environment - When water goes down it leaves a salt residue which is white on rocks - As the depth changes into the spiral done by smiths the water changes colors highlighting the spiral shape - Got a grant to complete this - 1500 ft long - just as time consumes civilization the jetty will disappear as it erodes into the lake - appears as just a large minimalist sculpture but utilizes time as a major component to speak about the enthropy (gradual approach to an end) of all things

Brancusi, The Newborn, early 20th c

- Marble and bronze of this piece - nose in the cut - Open mouth with tongue to show newborn is crying - reduces the newborn down to marble - Small to feel like an adult looking over it

Eiffel, The Eiffel Tower, Architecture mid-late 19th century

- Meant to be temporary - Commemorate the centennial of new revolution - 81 stories high - Trusses used her (Webwork of trusses to support Terms: - Paris International Exposition (World's Fair), 1889

Monet, The Gare Saint-Lazare, Impressionism 1870-1890

- Monet interested in light and capturing light off of surfaces - This is Saint-Lazare train station

Munch, The Scream, Symbolism late 19th

- Painting from memory of childhood which was very tragic (Painted how he felt about his childhood) - Pessimistic mood of symbolistic period - Angulated figure skeletal in nature - Scream through nature - Color of blood red sky (could be due to the aftermath of a volcanic eruption in another region, which caused sky to become discolored) - Emotional anxiety shown in colors

Manet, Olympia, Realism 1840-1865

- Parisian Prostitute - Olympia (Common alias for prostitutes on the day) - Jewelry suggests prostitution - Reference to venus stance - Frank stare at public (not ashamed of nudity) - Very self-confident - Loose brushwork - Cat to show creature of the night - Arched body and back tail upwards to show in search of sexual activity - More real than idealized

Klimt, The Kiss, Symbolism late 19th

- Psychological penetration of the subject - Lovers embrace prevents the distinguishing between figures - Man is more rectangular in figure whereas woman has more curves shown by circles on clothing as well a body shape - Gold gilding used - Very interested in the use of gold (Gold Period)

Monet, Impression: Sunrise, Impressionism 1870-1890

- Reflection of sunset - Industrial setting - Shows reflection of boats and industrial structures - 2 colors blue and orange

Horta, Tassel House, Brussels, Art Nouveau late 19 early 20

- Mosaic on floor - All organic forms based on nature or to represent architectural elements growing even though they are still - Rod iron column appears as a tree as it expands on top - Curling motif of organic lines seems look like the end of a whip - Stained glass on ceilings to let natural light in

Courbet, The Stone Breakers, Realism 1840-1865

- Most important thing in painting is to only paint what you can see - He once said "Show me an angel and I will paint one" - Used real people to model - Painting in a modern style - Knocks out religious scenes because no one could actually see them to paint them - He applied paint with a palette knife (Frequently used in landscapes) - This piece was destroyed in WW2 - 5'x8' very large piece of art - Physical labor portrayed poverty shown in their clothing - They are breaking stone on a highway - Reference to youth and old age - The idea of poverty is personified as their faces are not shown - Realists focused on political statements - heroizing these figures - He painted this in studio with the models not actually on site

Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase, early 20th c (Cubism & Futurism)

- Multi fractured planes along with movement - used time photography influenced by maurey's chronophotographs motion pictures - play on how much words are an integral part of art and makes a point to say the figure is nude - very similar to analytic cubist movement - reflects eras worship of technology as a symbol of modernity and sciences ability to improve the world

Ingres, Grande Odalisque, Romanticism 1814

- Trained with David - Hard edge lines, smooth brushstrokes - Subject matter: women in turkish harem (prostitutes) - Peacock feather fan and hookah to show exotic - Turban associated with turkish harem - French colonialism french thought of themselves as leaders and went to areas like this - Exotic in nude manner similar to Venus in Urbino - Blue balance of pillow and blue curtain on right - Very elongated figure - Made anatomical changes for artistic effect - Body proportion in art used to follow a set of guidelines but Ingres used his own idea of beauty - Reference to baroque

Roebling, Brooklyn Bridge, Architecture mid-late 19th century

- Used wire technology - 1595 ft. across - Towers are 300 ft. above water and go 70 feet below the water level - Pylons in ancient Egypt combined with gothic arches on towers Terms: - flâneur: Well educated, a lot of reading time, wealthy - The Academy (Bouguereau & Cabanel): Government sanctioned art - 1863 Salon des Refusés: Refused art form the Academy

Monet, Wheatstack, Sun in the Mist, Impressionism 1870-1890

- Uses complementary colors - Depicting different times of day seasons and weather (he did this painting during different times etc.)

Renoir, Luncheon of the Boating Party, Impressionism 1870-1890

- Very colorful - Common gathering - Boats and trains involved to travel along river as shown in piece - References to common models, artists, journalists and governors of the day in the piece - loose brushwork and cropping

Viola, The Crossing, Postmodernism, since 1980

- Video art - Designed video in area you see it - Dims light - Fire and water - biblical reference - ground breaking video technology

Warhol, Gold Marilyn Monroe, Pop Art, mid 20th c

- silkscreen - You see a lot of her all over media - conveys her in a 2-D form to play on her losing her identity in popularity people think she is not human - Byzantine reference with gold to madonna in gold she is now worshipped - assistants made with silkscreens to print the image on canvas warhol wanted people to believe he didn't touch his images - just signed on the back making paintings seem like commodities like a name product ( a Warhol) art is about ideas and not necessarily technique

Abstract Expressionism mid 20th century

Abstract Expressionism mid 20th century - Influenced by surrealist and dadaists in their idea to uncover universal truths - Belief to create a better world after the war - art was personal confrontation with certain moments reflecting upon physical, psychological and social being - Life is continuous series of subjective experiences from each am individual learns and responds in a personal way

Whistler, Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket, Impressionism 1870-1880

Terms: - "art for art's sake": Art doesn't have to be grandiose or have some great meaning it can just be art as it is Notes: - Reflection of fireworks off of water - Very abstract for 19th century art

Gauguin, Vision After the Sermon, Post Impressionism 1880-1890

Terms: - Gauguin focus on emotional aspects of color by using thick brushstrokes and abstract colors - cloisonné: decorative work in which enamel, glass, or gemstones are separated by strips of flattened wire placed edgeways on a metal backing. Notes: - Done in NW France - Strong practice of religion in this region - Women wearing head coverings of common time - Story: Jacob is shown wrestling an angel from the bible, but he fights all night - interpretation to show the struggles of spirituality during the times - Collective idea of spirituality shown by people they are not actually seeing Jacob wrestling but they are having a collective vision of testing the strength of one's faith - Gauguin interested in spirituality - Style: cutting off from figures from Japanese influence or photography, Diagonal lines from Japanese prints, Path in between is oblique angle Japanese, Black outline is Japanese - Use of bright red is not natural (it is used here to show struggle not blood of christ) - Inspired by cloisonné

Whistler, Symphony in White No. 2: Little White Girl, Impressionism 1870-1890

Terms: - Japonisme: Trend in the 19th century to admire Japanese culture and it was an influence to art of the time Notes: - He related paintings to visual form of music - Recognize patterns in the work - Japonisme seen in fan, vase, cherry blossom and asymmetrical style of art

Beardsley, Salomé, Symbolism late 19th

Terms: - femme fatale: a very attractive woman who causes trouble or unhappiness for the men who become involved with her even death Notes: - Salome from bible - She was similar to a mermaid - Femme Fatale shown

Seurat, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, Post Impressionism 1880-1890

Terms: - pointillism or divisionism (chromoluminarism): a technique of painting in which small, distinct dots of color are applied in patterns to form an image. Notes: - Island on banks of river - Shows well off individuals getting away from crowded city - pointillism or divisionism technique used here - Complementary color technique used - Influenced by Parthenon frieze due to static frozen figures in scene 48 total figures - Monkey linked to lustiness but monkey is chained to show the woman's control of lust - 2 dogs in foreground show the different common pets of the day the dog on left was owned by working class the left by more well off - Parthenon frieze influence

Pollock, Autumn Rhythm: Number 30, Abstract Expressionism, mid 20th c

action painting - Influenced by surrealists and dadaists - Comes out of his subconscious (surrealism) - mixes paint and adds sand - Thins the paint to control viscosity in certain areas - No subject matter - See movement of the artist by rhythm of paint - paint on a canvas that is it - Very large to overwhelm viewer - process of adding paint is reflective of human condition - dripping, hurling, pouring and splattering paint while canvas is on floor - source was unconscious - not just a record of the physical record but of the psychological self - risk taking of each mark painting becomes challenge of human condition and accepting the consequences of ones actions - ww1 destroyed belief of science, progress and utopian societies the one thing that could be trusted and believed was the self and that was focus of abstract expressionism

Fauvism 1905-1915

Fauvism 1905-1915 - Colorist tradition traced back to artists like van gogh and gauguin - Took the free expressive use of color to new heights

Walker, Insurrection, Postmodernism, since 1980

- Black silhouettes and projection from above - covers the black with gel to highlight - play on issue of race and gender identity - outdoor and indoor scene - slavery in middle scene shows slaves revolting - viewers own shadow gets into scene so they may feel a part

Braque, The Portuguese, Cubism 1907-1915

- Analytic cubism lines function as their own language horizontal lines are strings - breaking down a person playing an instrument by a pier near the water - showing object by multiple angles - Use of word to flatten the image even though you're seeing the image at different perspectives -

Delacroix, Women of Algiers, Romanticism 1800-1850

- Artist travelled to North Africa - Depicting woman in Harem with hookah which is an exotic scene - Different costumes and jewelry to depict women in harem - Servant added in as a framing mechanism on the right - Loose brushwork - Focused on the aspect of light

Lichtenstein, Drowning Girl, Pop Art, mid 20th c

- Benday dots used in print media event today - Reference to comic book style art - tonal gradiations - when viewed up close appear as flat abstract patterns like abstract expressionism - imitating comic strip and imitates bendy dots -

Rothko, No. 61, Abstract Expressionism, mid 20th c

- Color-field painting - Scale is large to confront large fields of color - Evoke a respinse in viewers emotion due to the color - Colors blend at edges - Aim is for a spiritual response (feeling it not just seeing it) - no longer any title - colors glimmer through from behind and below - edges are like clouds dissipating in the sky - blue appears to go on infinitely unconfined by canvas referencing to sublimity - the color has a resonance making image seem to glow from within - rothko wants viewers to stand close to feel like emerged in the color of unknown future

Rodin, The Burghers of Calais, Late 19th c

- Commissioned by town of calais - not normal to have monument son ground level - hands and head larger than proportion to add emotion - Rodin common techniques: made unfinished work finished, rotated figures for different angles, turned aspects into individual pieces

Warhol, Campbell's Soup Cans, Pop Art, mid 20th c

- Connecting everyday life and fine art - reflects popular culture - everyone is an original print - Campbell had 32 varieties of our so 32 cans - called his studio the factory - painted as monotonously as possible to appear as if on the shelf - like soups came off assembly line - commenting on camouflaging function of product design and how just the package lures us into buying - mass production, uniformity and consumerism dominate American culture

Realism 1840 - 1865

- Conscious attempt to break with the past - Avant-garde type of paintings (Shift or adjustment from the past) - Subject matter or technique - Challenging traditionally accepted norms - Bourgeoise middle/high class - Realist Manifesto, 1855, Gustave Courbet guide to Realism art - People came to rely on the physical, physiological, empirical and scientific as a way to understand nature, society, and human behavior - New science sociology: called for social progress to be based on observable facts and tested ideas - not much emotion, imagination, exotic scenes and the sublime just modern life Terms: - avant-garde - bourgeoisie - Realist Manifesto, 1855

Mondrian, Composition No. 11, De Stijl, 20th c

- De Stijl: Dutch for style emphasis on design ( goal was to be radical and utopian, sought to create through geometric abstraction total environments that were so perfect they embodied universal harmony) - universal harmony of geometric figures - Neo-Plasticism: new plastic art - Primary colors and black lines - White and black absence of all color and all colors together - Always used right angles - Balanced asymmetry with use of colors - Thickness of lines change to influence balance of color in composition - A perfect harmony - Each line and rectangle in this canvas has it own identity they are not correlated

Delacroix, The Massacre at Chios, Romanticism 1800-1850

- Depicting contemporary event - Massacre of the Turkey on the Greeks they killed many and enslaved the rest - 2 pyramidal arrangements one on right one on left - Placed Turks on the top and the suffering Greeks on the bottom (it is normally the opposite the heroic on the top not the enemy) - Strong Earth tones - Red throughout the composition which brings those who are bleeding more to attention - Blood is symbolic of martyrs

Kirchner, Peter Schlemihl: Tribulation of Love, German Expressionism, Early 20th c

- Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) group expressed spirituality they believed rested below the surface of the visual world - woodcut common in german expressionism - This is a woodcut - Schlemihl is a born loser but sells his shadow to the devil to get more popular but it is a symbol of his soul and he is shunned by society - multi-colored woodcut - dramatic use of color - Colors show distressed figure

Gauguin, Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? Post Impressionism 1880-1890

- Done in South Pacific (Tahiti) - Inscribed the title on the painting - Divided into three sections like a triptych or scroll - Meant to be read from right to left (Like in Asian and Jewish culture) - Small child is where we come from where we begin - Center is of woman reaching for fruit to show fall of man (what we are) - Left is of old age and death to show where we are going - In tropical setting on an island similar to Tahiti - Dog on left shown running through scene to show the path of life and how it should be read - Done on gold background similar to Byzantine art (gilding) - Presenting the spiritual world, pulses of the work relating art to music is what Gauguin wrote about when asked to describe work - Bird with lizard because he didn't want people to overhead his work (he attempted to create poetry with art) - Philosophical similar to gospels - Symbols presented not clearly defined

Manet, Luncheon on the Grass, Realism 1840-1865

- In the Salon de Refuses - Nude woman not idealized - Figures drawn from the past - Woman doesn't appear to be a part of mythology yet she is shown in the nude - She is a known model of the day - The man on the left is a sculptor the right is authors future brother in law - Very loose brushwork - Women in back is in different proportion - Warm colors in background not foreground - Woman is almost hovering in back not receding into the back like she should be - Denying recession of space - Contrast of light and dark on romans skin (removal of middle tones) - Many people believed it was unfinished - Showning art on a flat surface (Showing what art really is) - Shows those in flanuer

Romanticism 1st Half of the 19th Century

- Influenced by literature - Convey meaning and Sentiment - Depict the heroic - Share interest in the sublime - Share an awareness and emulation of the past and different cultures - Mostly painting because of paintings ability to express emotion - Movement to abandon logic and to follow one's genius leading to distant past, exotic present, forces of nature and potentially horrific aspects of human behavior - linked to poetry -

Cézanne, Still Life with Apples, Post Impressionism 1880-1890

- Interested in Analytical structure - Does so by using depth, shape and solidity - Creates color planes - Shows multiple perspectives of view by moving the easel during painting process - Ex. The table edge changes height - On the cloth there is a grid like application of paint same with apples and parts of the table - Loose brushwork - Dark outlines around apples similar to Japanese prints (impressionist influence)

Architecture mid-late 19th century

- Iron was result of industrial revolution -

Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People, Romanticism 1800-1850

- July 1830 - Modern commentary of political event - People rising up against King Charles - Paris burning down in the back - Personification of Liberty (Flag colors show liberty) - Red white and blue seen all throughout composition - Allegorical Figure - Guy in top hat is represented of higher class, youth and factory worker - Pyramidal composition - Fear of government corruption in the foreground shown by guy in under garments that one would wear to sleep in the day and he is pulled out of bed without justice - Statue of liberty in NYC inspired by this piece

Rodin, The Thinker, Late 19th c

- Larger version of what was on gates of hell

Kandinsky, Sketch 1 for "Composition VII", German Expressionism, early 20th c

- Subject matter was not important was all about line color and shape - own personal vision - looking to art to find the spiritual using abstraction to display universal ideals of spirituality - known for non-objective art - no person place or thing no reference - people see different things - color shape variations of brush pattern etc. - makes connections to music - abstract feelings of the artists expressed

Matisse, The Red Studio, Fauvism 1905-1915

- Removed sense of space by using the same color - Lines are defined by whats not there (scratched through the red paint) - no shadows - The corner of the wall doesn't make sense, emphasis on the flatness of the surface, clock has no hands to show out of this world quality - Red can show warm cheerful and relaxing

Judd, Untitled, Minimalism, mid 20th c

- Revolution of the geometric form - Combination of form line and color - No optical illusion technique - Strength in one form - Play on manufacturing of the day because he dint make the art someone else did he just had the idea - has no meaning someone can see the total composition from one glance - the art can be transported anywhere so minimalism heightens our experience and interpretation of the area around the art Minimalism: - reliance upon geometry emphasized conceptual rather than emotional content and favored the means and materials of mass production (mostly sending specifications to artisan or factory) - Like pop paintings minimal sculpture lacks evidence of the artists touch that traditionally served as a sign of personal emotion and expression as well as artists skill - make art that didn't look like art, wanted artwork to be perceived as independent objects having no reference to anything else

Géricault, Raft of the Medusa, Romanticism 1800-1850

- Rich earth tone color pallete - Dramatic event with movement and energy - Themes of sublime - Loose brushwork - 16'x23' Enormous - Ship called Medusa going down and captain took all 6 life boats for himself and other officers and left 150 refugee passengers on boat and only 10 survived some forced to canabalism, starvation and thirst - Caused political tension - Example of government corruption because captain was promoted due to relation with king but clearly a bad leader - Pyramidal composition - Vision of death in the foundation - move from death to hope in composition bottom to top

Turner, The Slave Ship, Romanticism 1800-1850

- Romantic Landscape - Loose brushwork - Contrast of color - Atmospheric swivel (b/c of loose brushwork) - Through slave overboard to make it through dangerous trip - Slavery abolished in 1833 which was before this painting - Could've been about slavery elsewhere or industrial revolution in England because people were working nonstop

Degas, The Orchestra of the Paris Opera, Impressionism 1870-1890

- Rumor that Degas cut the piece to cut out part of the composition - Oblique and diagonals show influence of Japanese art

Seurat, Le Chahut, Post Impressionism 1880-1890

- Same impressionism subject matter but different in technique due to analytical application of paint - b/c focused on qualities of line and color and how they carry meaning - Yellow and upward diagonal lines refer to happiness - Doing a dance of common time using a lot of upward diagonal lines

Boccioni, Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, Futurism, early 20th c

- Sense of movement with hard bronze

Cassatt, The Childs Bath, Impressionism 1870-1890

- Women weren't allowed to engage in all that men were so Cassatt focused on domestic activity such as bathing the child - Japanese known for patterns and angles showing a Japanese influence in this piece

Brancusi, Bird in Space, early 20th c

- combination of different mediums - reducing object down to its essence - cylindrical stone base to separate sculpture from the space of the room and placing it in its own world - feel like looking up to bird

Rauschenberg, Odalisk, mid 20th c

- combines obelisk + odalisque for inspiration - Experimental movement in art - All types of medium - Not a sculpture or a painting - Chicken to represent male and pillow is female being penetrated by post under chicken - for art that has nothing to do with art it is everything to do with life and nothing to do with art - aimed at capturing the world without attaching any firm meaning in the process rejecting abstract expressionism - this is a four sided lamp (light inside) - female odalisque and phallic obelisk (tall stone monument) - work captures the spirit of constantly changing world and the fractured way we experience it - modern articles in it combines paintings sculpture collage and found objects newspapers

Picasso, Violin, Cubism 1907-1915

- crosshatching reference in etching - looks like a violin in nature - assembled flat or slightly dented pieces of painted metal in low relief - redefining sculpture

Dali, The Persistence of Memory, Surrealism, 1st half 20th c

- hand painted dream photographs - dislocating quality despite small size - inspired by Freud - Play on things that are erect of flaccid - play on sexuality - End of time? or time bending? - fly and ants are symbols of decay - Visual metaphors for fear, anxiety and sexual disorders - shows inevitable deterioration and death - created provocative dreamscape of mysterious objects that can be metaphors for desires, fears, anxieties especially sexual of the mind and can have multiple interpretations from viewers own unconscious

Maya Lin, Vietnam Veterans Memorial, (The Mall) Washington, DC, Postmodernism, since 1980

- hated at first - mirrors reflect living onto dead names (listed in order) - reflective marble - Lin ridiculed for being non American at first to represent those gone - comes with a lot of emotion

Picasso, Guitar, Sheet Music, and Wine Glass, Cubism 1907-1915

- made of wallpaper (7 types) to show what is real and fake - center is just the surface with no paint poking fun at black sound box - breaks down wine glass in analytic cubism but combined with synthetic due to collage type scene - people believe things are there but they aren't (wallpaper) - cut the text from a newspaper "The battle has begun" - The battle of art is this art? - Synthetic Cubism: Beginning of collage, different elements

Boccioni, States of Mind I: Farewells, Futurism, early 20th c

- motion photography of Muybridge and Marey: psychologist Photos of horses in motion against a black wall this started an interest in creating moving pictures - Steam engine in center - Trusses in top left to show modernity - embraced couple in the green - eruption of steam, sound, moving objects, and physic energy - Influenced by muybridges motion photography - movement of all objects and energy

Rodin, The Gates of Hell, Late 19th c

- naturalistic in some areas but in some too much muscle - Could've been influenced by Michelangelo - Linked to impressionists (contrast of light and dark) -

Malevich, Black Square, Suprematism, early 20th c

- non-objective world - supremacy of feeling by using abstract shape and color - the square represents feeling and the whites is the void beyond that feeling (no feeling at all) - Suprematism is true art to him - he put emotion into his art

Cubism 1907-1915

Cubism 1907-1915 - New ways to think about the purpose of art - it is the analysis of the language of painting

Dada early 20th century

Dada early 20th century - In protest to WW! as modernity appears to be destructive with all the new weaponry (machine guns, mustard gas etc. ) - attacked bourgeois values and faith in technology - Hugo Ball had a performance center where artists could protest the wastefulness of war - Hoped to create a clean slate of equality

Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, Cubism 1907-1915

Analytic Cubism: Analytical approach multi-plane breaking down an image - Ladies of Avignon - Women of the sex trade industry - Fracturing the planes - Looking at figure showing profile and frontal view at the same time - Cezanne showed multiple views too - femme fatale

Art Nouveau, late 19th - early 20th c.

Art Nouveau, late 19th - early 20th c. - New art - Focus on architecture, furniture, lamps, etc. - Attempt to harmonize art architecture with natural architecture - Floral patterns and organic lines

Pop Art mid 20th century

Pop Art mid 20th century - derives imagery from popular culture - imagery of mass media not normally in painting but new mediums - implemented what artists call low art (commercial art) into high art (fine art) -

Magritte, The False Mirror, Surrealism, 1st half 20th c

Freud psychoanalysis - Faceless eye no eye lashes - Very dislocating; it lacks context (very dreamlike) - Eye with the distant sky and the iris is an eclipsed sun and beyond magritte believes is unconscious which perceives the reality of things the eye only perceives the visual not the real world

Futurism Early 20th century

Futurism early 20th century - The visualization of movement and energy - Motion photography influenced this -

German Expressionism Early 20th century

German Expressionism Early 20th century - Die Brüke (The Bridge): The bridge from past to future and their art is the future ( a group of artists) -

Duchamp, Mona Lisa (L.H.O.O.Q.), Dada, early 20th c

Hugo Ball sound poem WWI protest - this is an assisted readymade: takes something that already exists and adds to it - postcard of mona lisa - talking poorly of mona lisa

Post-Impressionism, 1880-90

Post-Impressionism, 1880-90 Notes: - Influenced by Impressionists and similar but less interest in light and more into three dimensional space, lines and color - 2 types: Analytical structural and the other is emotional impact of color - Each artist besides Seurat developed personal way to view art - Still had japonisme

Symbolism, late 19th c.

Symbolism, late 19th c. - New middle class (leisure) - Greater sense of fear and anxiety - Artistic and poetic movement to express ideas and emotions in state of mind - Reaction against realism (favored dreams and spirituality by painting what you can't actually see)

Surrealism 1st half of 20th century

Surrealism 1st half of 20th century - replaced sureness of logic and explored unconscious - Influenced by Frued and psychoanalysis - Looked into unconcious as symbols of desires and anxieties by deriving meanings of dreams