art test 3
medici family
this rich banking family helped pave the way for high renaissance by funding artists
stele/stela
an upright stone slab or column typically bearing a commemorative inscription or relief design, often serving as a grave stone
archaic, greek period
An emphasis on sculptures of the human form, which gradually shifted toward naturalism. The birth of major Greek architecture. the black-figure and red-figure styles of vase painting
Carolingian period
Architecture during this period integrated influences from Roman and Byzantine cultures. Charlemagne's court at Aachen was also an intellectual and artistic hub, producing religious texts illustrated in a style reminiscent of Classical models
byzantine period
Art style is spiritual and otherworldly, in contrast to the earthbound realism of Greco-Roman art. Figures appear to be weightless, undefined space, with an emphasis on symbolism and decorative detail
rationalism
a philosophy in which knowledge comes form reason rather than from the senses
illusionistic surrealism
a type of surrealism style, focused on irrational content, absurd juxtapositions, and metaphorphoses of the dream state
Egyptian
this group of people had a heavy focus on death after life
gothic period
Churches should appear to reach up to Heaven itself, should have harmonious proportions should be filled with light. Stained glass windows were abundant. Ribbed vaulting and high walls supported in part from exterior flying buttresses were used to achieve incredibly lofty structures
classical, greek period
Greece turned its attention to rebuilding the monuments destroying during the Persian wars and advancing art, drama, and music. Art reaches the pinnacle of achievement/naturalism
doric and ionic
____ and ___ orders are two of the three styles associated with greek architecture
roman
after the empire is founded, art sees use as political propaganda-- lots of civic/war monuments/sculptures
The Amara Revolution
amenhotep IV changes name, changes capitol city, changes religion to monotheism, drastically changes artistic canon
DaDa
an "anti art" stance, it was intent on destroying the artistic values of the past, these people would have performances that consisted of a combination of visual performance arts (Cabaret Volitaire)
contrapposto
an asymmetrical arrangement of the human figurine which the line of the arms and shoulders contrast with, while balancing, those of the hips and legs (body takes on an 'S" shape)
Romanesque period
art forms during the Romanesque period, including sculpture, illuminated manuscripts, and tapestry, focused on symbolic messages and narratives. (Return of the Roman Style Basilica for church/cathedral construction
hellenistic, greek period
art is characterized by excessive, almost theatrical emotion and the use of illusionistic effects to heighten realism (theatrical attempt to evoke emotion)
ancient greek
art of _____ _____ is characterized by humanism, rationalism, naturalism, and idealism, four periods happened
Chris burden
artist who did a series of performances involving the infliction of pain onto himself to get us to question the nature of pain/suffering
Mary Passat and James abbott McNeill whistler
artists that are referred to as American expatriates were....
conceptual art
asserts that art lies in the mind of the artist; the visible, audible, or palpable product is merely an expression of the artist's idea
Surrealism
began as a literary movement after ww1 based on automatic writing in which the mind explored free associations, drew upon images of dreams (the effects of the unconscious mind) there are too major styles: illusionistic and automatist
performance art
can be scripted or unscripted, (involves time, space, he performers body presence or medium, and relationship between performer and audience) can be random or carefully orchestrated' spontaneous or otherwise carefully planned with or without audience participation
create dramatic use of light in art
chiaroscuro and tenebrism were used in the baroque period to...
neoclassical
classic, especially Roman, subject matter. favored law, structure, order in their compositions and ideals, reduction in color pallet, reduction in emotion
Enlightenment
contributed to the demise of the Rococo stye, which represented an "artificial" rather than a "natural" state of being
Baroque art
dramatic compositions, art emphasizes on: space, time/motion, dramatic use of light, passionate theatricality, use of multiple materials to increase drama
feminist art
explores the role of gender in society, including the arts
Paul Gauguin
this man left Europe to create paintings from his life in the south seas and capture a "primitive" culture removed from "civilized" life with its unity, peace, and innocence
Georges seurat and paul Cezanne
in post impression style, the works of these two men maintain a more systematic approach to compositional structure, brushwork, and color
mesopotamia
irrigation, civilizations and writing systems (cuneiform) develop in this place
space
less symmetry in architecture
synthetic
one type of cubism, brighter palette of colors, incorporation of collage
analytic
one type of cubism, flattening space, looking at multiple angles of an object at once, restricted palette,
Medieval Period
this period was known as "the Age of Faith"
Abstract expression
pure abstraction, most work known as "action painting", a title which implied that the physical act of painting was as important as the result
postmodernism
refers to lots of contemporary art created from 1970 and forward, led to almost 6 decades of artistic experimentation with new media and forms of art, art does not have to be cohesive as a whole, "anything goes", artists no longer look to other times/movements as a collective, uses hybridization
Realism
rejected the idealistic nature of the romantics and the academic school due to subject matter and how painting were rendered, these artworks showed the reality of war and some art showcase people doing everyday activities
propoganda
roman architects shifted toward the completion of splendid building and civic monuments that glorified the empire and its benefits for those under its power, this was known as
Romanticism
romantic artists sough: extremes of emotion, virtuoso brushwork, a brilliant pallete, glorification of all the past (medieval, not classical) and nature
geometric, greek period
so called because of the predominance of geometric shapes/patterns in works of art
minimalism
sought to reduce their ideas to their simplest form(pure abstraction), created geometric shapes or progressions of shapes or lines using minimal numbers of formal elements (ex: using minimal colors and textures)
American Expatriates
striving artists of the 18th and 19th centuries would go abroad for extended pilgrimages to study old masters and to mingle with the avant-garde, some cases they immigrated to Europe permanently.
happening
term coined by Allan kaprow in 1957 CE to describe the events and performances that he was organizing
Early Renaissance period
the ___ ____ period had the revival of classic themes in literature and art, realism and naturalism, and the greek philosophy of humanism
mannerism
the distortion and elongation of figures, flattened (almost 2-d) space, lack of defined focal point, discordant pastel hues
idealism
the representation of forms according to an accepted beauty standard
humanism
the view that humans are the center of the universe
Vincent van Gough and Paul Gauguin
the works of these two men in the post impression style coordinated line and color with symbolism and emotion
Modern Art
this art is usually associated with art in which the traditions of the past have been thrown aside in a spirit of experimentation
impressionism
this deals with shorter brushstrokes, less blended, painters worked wet-into-wet as opposed to the tradition of letting the paint dry between sessions, primarily concerned with the effects of light and, such as, neglected the forms in their works of art
post impressionism
this fell into two groups that parallel the stylistic polarities of the baroque and neoclassical/Romantic periods
corinthian order
this greek architecture style was infrequently used although it became a favorite of roman architects
Roman
this group of people Egan as a republic (art style included very unrealistic/unidealized portraits, started building off the greeks
Rococo art
this stayed further from classical principles than the baroque, is a highly decorative, flamboyant, decadent, ostentatious frivolous style, love among the rich, the 1980's of art history
expressionism
this stye is more emotional, expressive, and laden with symbolism, in their vibrant palettes and bravura brushwork van Gogh and Gauguin foreshadowed this style
cubism
this style had two major types, George Braque and Pablo Picasso were major artists of the time
baroque
this term is derived from the pourtuguese "barroco", meaning "irregular shaped pearl"
high renaissance
this time period felt with art being made for art's sake, and art remained consistent with slight variations depending location in Europe
naturalism
truth to reality based on a keen observation of nature
Automatist Surrealism
type of surrealism, divulged the mysteries of the unconscious through abstraction
hybridization
used in postmodernism, is the mixing of traditions of different cultures to create new blends and new connections
time/motion
utilizing natural light effects
Cabaret Voltaire
was a space of experimentation where chaotic radical performances would happen, Dadaists would partake in these
Columbus's "discovery of the americas, the Black Death, and Copernicus placing the sun at the center of the universe
what helped spur on the idea in high renaissance?
byzantine, Carolingian, romanesque, gothic
what were the four major periods of the medieval period
analytic and synthetic
what were the two major types of cubism