AS 356 Final Exam Review (Exams 1,2,3)
For a 4 cycle , 4 cylinder horizontally opposed non - geared aircraft engine , how many ' power strokes ' will each cylinder have if the engine crank shaft turns 2 full revolutions ?
1
In a 4 - cycle reciprocating engine , if the piston moves up and down 4 times to complete a full cycle , each valve will open ___ time ( s ) .
1
There are good reasons to park the propeller in a certain position when securing the aircraft . ( Not the ERAU policy for signaling a need for fuel ! ) This recommended ' park ' position is :
10 o'clock 4 o'clock
Most modern aircraft wheels ( just wheels ! ) have ______ main part ( s ) .
2
A reciprocating engine's crank shaft turns at ________ % of the speed of the cam shaft .
200 ( 2 : 1 )
If two points in an electrical circuit have 9 volts and 3 amps , how ohms are in the circuit ? ( Ohm's Law )
3 ohms
Symbol B
5 Cell Battery
Based upon the NASA formula , the speed at which an aircraft with 49 psi in its tires landing on a wet runway will hydroplane is approximately :
63 kts .
The carcass plies of a radial tire are laid at which angle ?
90 degrees
When the fuel - air mixture in a cylinder reaches a certain pressure and temperature , it will explode in a destructive manner rather than burn evenly , and this explosion is known as
@detonation
What is the only electrical system in a light aircraft ( reciprocating engine ) that is not protected by a fuse or circuit breaker ?
@engine starter
Tire pressure will be abnormally ________ for a wheel / tire assembly that is very hot .
@higher
This electrical system component is used to vary resistance in a circuit .
@rheostat
This symbol used in circuit diagrams is for
A diode
The output of an aircraft engine magneto is :
AC
One major benefit of using pure aluminum in aircraft construction is that it does not corrode .
Agree
The pressure - demand oxygen regulator provides maximum benefit to the wearer under all normal and emergency cabin flight conditions and altitudes .
Agree
Which of the following is not a bearing used in an aircraft engine ?
All of the listed bearings can be used in aircraft engines
The pressurization level of the cabin of an aircraft is typically measured as PSID . This is the difference between
Cabin Pressure & Ambient Pressure
Symbol C
Circuit Breaker ( non - pull tv
Intake and exhaust valves for an engine cylinder are spring loaded to the ___ position .
Closed
is the term used to describe the altitude where the throttle is fully open in order to achieve the desired power setting . The desired power setting cannot be maintained above this altitude .
Critical altitude
Hz is a value not associated with ______ current .
DC
To keep humans alive at high altitudes in aircraft ( select all that apply )
Enclose them in a pressurized environment or provide them more oxygen
A hydraulic fuse is used to :
Ensure no hydraulic fluid is lost in the event a line breaks
In an electrical circuit , Benjamin Franklin correctly reasoned electrons flow in a Conventional manner . This Conventional Flow is positive to negative .
False
Symbol E
Fuse
Symbol A
Ground
In a parallel circuit with 2 light bulbs , if one of the light bulbs breaks , what will happen to the other light bulb :
It will continue to light
Which of the following is a correct formula for Power ?
P - IxE
The wire that grounds the magnetos when the magneto switch is in the OFF position is called the :
P - Lead
What type of circuit is this ?
Parrallel/dc
A commercial airliner is passing through FL240 ft . while climbing to FL320 ft . at 1700 feet per minute . The pilots notice that the cabin pressurization vertical speed indicator ( VSI ) is also indicating a climb at a rate of nearly 1700 feet per minute . This indicates to the crew that the pressurization system is likely operating in the ______ range of operation .
Pressure differential
Which aircraft fuselage design method has / requires the most internal longitudinal structural members to carry stresses and structural loads ( think modern commercial aircraft ) ?
Semi - monocoque
If you must approach a suspected or actual hot or burning aircraft tire / wheel . assembly , you should never approach from the _______ ( Note ! Don't ever get close to hot or burning wheels / brakes unless absolutely necessary ! )
Sides
Symbol D
Source of AC
The primary function of a hydraulic reservoir is to :
Store the hydraulic fluid for normal operation
The component which prevents a landing gear strut's inner and outer barrels from rotating ( castering ) and contacting / banging into each other when the strut is fully extended is a / an :
Torque/torsion link
Oxygen is a highly flammable gas that will not ignite on immediate contact with any combustible fuel .
True
Thermal runaway is a phenomenon that can cause so much heat that the battery may explode or melt its way out through the bottom of the aircraft . Nickel - cadmium common aircraft batteries are susceptible to thermal runaway .
True
A ________ is not the best way to extinguish a thermal runaway fire because it does not cool the battery or batteries .
a halon fire extinguisher
The air pressure inside the crankcase ( not in the cylinders ! ) of a reciprocating engine , for an aircraft in normal cruise flight , will be :
about equal to ambient pressure
A / an _______ is capable of supplying some amount of hydraulic system pressure when the aircraft's powered hydraulic pump ( s ) are not operating or if the aircraft is shut down .
accumulator
POWER MANAGEMENT : A large amount of water vapor in the air will cause a significant reduction of power produced by reciprocating aircraft engines .
agree
The turbocharger on an aircraft engine compresses
air
What is the principal fluid used for propulsion by virtually all heat engines , including the airplane reciprocating engine ?
air
Chine type landing gear tires are used exclusively on :
aircraft nose wheels with turbine engines mounted on the fuselage
A bonding strap is commonly used in aircraft to ' electrically ' connect a ________ and a ________
aircraft structure and a flight control surface
The electrical generating device which has a fixed armature and rotating magnets is :
alternator
At a sea level airport with the engine not running , the manifold pressure ( MAP ) gauge ( s ) should indicate pressure equal to the
ambient atmospheric pressure
Which flight station indicator / instrument shows the crew whether the battery is charging or discharging ?
ammeter
Excessive ________ will cause a circuit breaker to trip / pop or a fuse to blow , thus protecting an electrical circuit or component .
amps
On large aircraft with turbine engines and deicing boots , a common source of pneumatic pressure for operation of the deicing boots is the / an_
bleed air
In virtually all modern turbo - fan powered jetliners , the primary source of air used for air conditioning and pressurizing the cockpit and cabin is
bleed air from the turbo - fan compressor
A condition in which MAP fluctuates after making a power change but doesn't damage the engine is termed _________. Note : not a normally aspirated engine !
bootstrapping
This engine component causes / starts the engine's valves to open and close at the proper time and for the proper duration :
camshaft
A balanced hydraulic actuator has / or
can be used in conjunction with an autopilot servo
A component which stores current for use as a sudden discharge for devices such as for aircraft strobe lights or starting a large electrical motor is a
capacitor
A tire which is over inflated will normally show excessive tread wear on what part of the tire first ?
center tread surface
Glaze ice is also known as :
clear ice
Tire inflation should always be checked when the tire is
cold / at ambient temperature
The letter ' W ' used in aircraft engine oil designations ( i.e. SAE 5W30 ) indicates the oil is approved for :
cold winter operations
If a Rectifier is needed to change the output of an alternator to DC , then a ________ is needed to change the output of a generator to DC .
commutator
4 Which of the following is / are the primary airframe stress ( s ) ?
compression and tension
Which type of propeller will give an aircraft near optimal performance under all flight conditions ?
constant speed propeller
The foundation of a reciprocating engine is the / are the
crankcase
A journal will most commonly be found on which engine component ?
crankshaft
This component's main purpose is to transform the reciprocating motion of the piston ( s ) and connecting rod ( s ) into rotary motion for rotation of the propeller . On many small aircraft engines this component directly drives the propeller . That component is the
crankshaft
Electrical _______ is measured and expressed as amperage and represented by the letter " 1 " .
current
A device which limits electron flow to one direction in a circuit is a
diode
A battery stores ________ current .
direct
A reciprocating engine's cylinder's intake and exhaust valves will never / can never be open at the same time during normal operation .
disagree
All modern aircraft tires have tubes inside the tires .
disagree
Besides maintaining good visibility , an added benefit of electrically heated windshields in high performance aircraft is
does not need break into pieces but rather flexes if hit by a bird or other object in flight
When first applying carb heat to an operating reciprocating engine ( fixed pitch propeller ) , the engine rpm will _________ because of a change in the air density caused by the introduction of warm air .
drop
The type of aircraft reciprocating engine lubrication system which has a separate , ( not attached to the engine ) oil reservoir is termed a _________ system .
dry - sump
When would it be proper to use carburetor heat while on the grounur Seir all that apply . )
during engine starts and in very cold temperatures, prior to shutting down an engine
The flight control ( fixed wing aircraft ) which controls pitch is the -------
elevator
A fusible plug in a wheel assembly protects against excessive pressure if the wheel assembly is exposed to
excessive heat / pressure
The presence of a crack in the skin of an aircraft or a structural component usually indicates
excessive stress
The flatter side ( not cambered ) of a propeller is termed the blade
face
The Electricity is the
flow of electrons
In an aircraft fuselage built with longerons , it will have
four to eight maximum
Hertz ( abbreviation Hz ) is used to state
frequency / cycles per second
The international color code for oxygen equipment is :
green
A compression stress load on the under - side of an aircraft wing would most commonly be associated with
hard landings
An aircraft with a cantilever design will
have no external wing support struts
Aircraft brake systems slow the airplane down by exchanging kinetic energy from the motion and weight of the airplane into______________ energy .
heat / thermal
LUBRICATION : Oil which flows slowly is said to have this kind of viscosity :
high
A The most common and desirable materials used to service landing gear shock ( oleo ) struts to proper inflation levels is / are :
hydraulic fluid / oil and air or N₂
Oxygen by itself is not a dangerous gas , but if it comes in contact with any hydrocarbon , it can lead to a very rapid , uncontrolled fire or explosion with the slightest source of
ignition
What electrical component ( s ) or system is associated to the electrical term ' PLead 'in a light aircraft with a reciprocating engine ?
ignition switch
On a SINGLE ENGINE general aviation aircraft , equipped with a constant speed propeller , engine oil pressure is needed to primarily overcome propeller dome spring pressure to _______ the prop blade angle .
increase
On an aircraft equipped with a constant speed propeller , pulling the cockpit prop control ( blue handle ) back with engine power set in the flight regime ( MAP ) will cause the propeller blade angle to _______ and the prop RPM to __________
increase ; decrease
Manifold Absolute Pressure ( MAP ) is a measure of absolute pressure in the reciprocating engine's ______ and is measured on the MAP indicator in the cockpit in inches of Hg .
intake manifold
Which component is used to decrease the high temperature of compressed air destined for the engine induction system and for combustion ? This is needed on some engines to prevent detonation and / or pre - ignition .
intercooler
The name of the direct current ( DC ) electrical system component which iscapable of producing aircraft system alternating current ( AC ) is
inverter
The principle operational advantage of using nitrogen to service the tires of aircraft is :
it doesn't expand and contract easily with temp changes .
Turning a propeller through by hand can be dangerous . Pilots should know the engine could start if there is a malfunction of the
magneto switch / wiring
The capacity of a small battery is a measure of its ability to produce a given amount of electrical output for a specified time . This is typically expressed as
milliampere - hour ( mAh )
A dent in an aircraft's stressed skin will most adversely affect an aircraft with this type of fuselage construction :
monocoque
An aircraft with ' stressed skin ' will usually be of this design :
monocoque
A fuel injected aircraft engine is more efficient than an engine with a carburetor due to :
more precise / even distribution of fuel to each cylinder
This common type of aircraft battery is capable of rapidly recharging and discharging without an associated voltage drop until near total depletion , it also recharges quickly .
nickel - cadmium ( Nicad )
What governs the current output of a generator ?
number of conductors cutting the lines of flux the speed at which the conductors cut the lines of flux
The most common seal used in today's hydraulic system ( hint : used between parts with relative motion ) is the
o ring
This system component which physically meters the ' controlled leakage ' of air leaving the cabin of a pressurized aircraft during normal operation of the pressurization system is the
outflow valve
ANTI - ICE / DEICE SYSTEMS : Which item ( s ) on transport category aircraft are almost always ' anti - iced ' rather than ' de- iced ?
pitot tube ( s ) turbine engine inlet ( s ) windshield ( s ) all are correct
Referring to the ' Otto Cycle ' of a reciprocating engine operation ( I.e. , Lycoming 10-360 ) , what is the third cycle / stroke of the four strokes of the complete operating cycle ?
power
A constant displacement hydraulic pump must have a / an ________ in the system .
pressure regulator
As a general rule , when in cruise flight and applying engine power for a climb in an aircraft with a constant speed propeller , the ______________ should be adjusted / changed first .
propeller
For a reciprocating airplane engine equipped with a constant speed propeller , the __________ controls the engine / prop RPM and the ___________ controls the engine manifold pressure ( MAP ) .
propeller control ; throttle
The most important thing to achieve maximum service life from aircraft tires and to improve traction , ground handling , operational effectiveness and safety is :
proper inflation
is a device used to convert AC to DC .
rectifier
Electrical circuit and electrical component _________ values are expressed ohms .
resistance
Does the application of carburetor heat richen or lean the engine's fuel mixture ?
richen
A modern transport category ( pressurized ) aircraft will have this type of construction :
semi - monocoque
What type of circuit is this ?
series / AC
The difference between the geometric pitch and the effective pitch of the propeller is termed : -----
slip
The most efficient propeller angle of attack ( AOA ) for achieving maximum efficiency is
small - approx 3 degrees
Is the propeller blade angle ( fixed pitch propeller ) smaller or larger at the blade tip ?
smaller
The name of the structural member ( s ) in a wing which carry the major in - flight loads are :
spars
The type of engine oil most commonly used in a modern general aviation horizontally opposed reciprocating engine which is fifty hours or more past it's last major overhaul and the ' break in ' period is :
synthetic
Bias tires offer longer tread life , less rolling resistance , and higher gas mileage .
tabe
What physical characteristic makes a hydraulic actuator a ' double acting balanced ' actuator ?
the amount of work that can be accomplished in both directions
On the aircraft you fly , what causes the alternator magnets to turn , causing the generation of ectricity ?
the engine turns them by using a belt , similar to a fan belt on a automobile
Hydraulics & Pneumatics : The primary difference between hydraulics and pneumatics is :
the type of medium used in the lines
What is the relationship between commercial aviation grade lubricating oil numbers and SAE numbers ?
there is no relationship
The force that tends to bend a propeller blade forward under high power settings is termed :
thrust bending force
The function of an accumulator in an aircraft hydraulic system is to check all that apply ) :
to ensures that the pressure remains the same during pressure surges
The Altitude Chamber is designed as a training tool to
to learn your hypoxia symptoms and apply the appropriate recovery procedures
is used to step up or step - down voltage .
transformer
A multiple disc , high capacity aircraft brake system is typically employed on which of the following ?
transport category aircraft
TURBOCHARGING / SUPERCHARGING Which engine performance improving device is driven by engine exhaust ?
turbocharger .
Landing Gear , Wheels , Brakes : An aircraft with a conventional landing ger configuration will have :
two main landing gear wheel assemblies and a wheel assembly under the empennage
FUEL : What creates the low pressure at the fuel discharge nozzle of a float carburetor ?
venturi
A transformer - rectifier is used in electrical circuits to change _______ and to convert to ________
voltage : AC to dc
Another name for electromotive force ( EMF ) is
voltage and is the force to move electrons
Alcohol and / or a glycol mixture can be used to anti - ice which items on an aircraft ?
wings , empennage leading edges and propellers
When cruising at high power settings , a pilot can quickly and accurate !, all the difference between pre - ignition and detonation in the cylinders of the engine by
you can't tell by any of these
Add or subtract 1 in . Hg . for each_________________ ft . of field elevation from the altimeter setting . This is termed the Altitude Effect .
Ⓒ1000
There are two types of current , they are ___________ and ______________
ⒸAC and DC
The best and most accurate indication a pilot has of engine combustion efficiency is ________ for most reciprocating engines .
ⒸExhaust Gas Temperature
What is the purpose of a relief valve ?
Ⓒallow dangerous pressure that has built up to be released
The number stamped on the face of a circuit breaker represents what value
Ⓒamps
An aircraft exposed to normal in - flight structural loads ( g's ) can be expected to experience some skin deformity . If this deformation disappears when the flight load is removed , this may be considered normal . A visible and permanent deformity , such as dented , bent or rippled skin under a wing or on the bottom of a horizontal stabilizer observed during a preflight or post flight inspection is a normal condition and not a threat to the airworthiness of the aircraft .
Ⓒdisagree
The cabin pressure controller in the flight station provides direct electrical control inputs to the aircraft's outflow valve ( s ) plus the positive and negative pressure safety relief valves .
Ⓒdisagree
Corrosion is a / an process .
Ⓒelectro - chemical
The purpose of the stall strip on the leading edge of the wing is to
Ⓒensure the inner part of the wing will stall before the tip stalls
Once properly programmed by the crew , a typical transport aircraft's cabin pressure controller will have the ability to function automatically in the following mode / modes of control or operation for the entire flight :
Ⓒisobaric and pressure differential
The color of the hydraulic fluid that is most flammable is
Ⓒred
Which device causes the loss of some engine horsepower / performance when operating due to the load it places on the engine ?
Ⓒsupercharger
A waste gate is a component found on a reciprocating engine equipped with a
Ⓒturbocharger
If an aircraft is equipped with vortex generators , they'd be located on the
Ⓒupper surfaces of lift producing surfaces ( wing , etc. )
