Assessment of the Musculoskeletal System
thyroxine
increases the rate of protein synthesis in all types of tissue, including bone
diarthrodial
joints that are freely movable
synarthrodial
joints that are immovable
amphiarthrodial
joints that are slightly movable
ESR
lab that is used to measure the speed with which RBCs settle in a tube of anticoagulant blood to mark the presence of non-specific inflammation
CPK
lab that rises after muscular injury in about 2 to 4 hours, or in muscular dystrophy
Vitamin D
promotes absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the small intestine
glucocorticoids
regulate protein metabolism and aid in regulating intestinal calcium and phosphorus absorption
estrogens
stimulates osteoblastic activity and inhibits parathyroid hormone
calcium
the most common mineral in the human body; about 99% of it is found in the bones and teeth
phosphorus
works closely together with calcium to build strong bones and teeth
insulin
works together with growth hormone to build and maintain healthy bone tissue
growth hormone
hormone responsible for increasing bone length
What lab is increased with metabolic bone disease and bone cancer, infection, raised in proportion to osteoblastic activity, and increased with liver damage?
ALP (alkaline phosphate)
parathyroid
If calcium in blood is lowered, this hormone stimulates bone to promote osteoclastic activity and release calcium into the blood, thus raising calcium levels
calcitonin
If serum calcium levels are increase above normal, this hormone will decrease them by inhibiting bone reabsorption and increasing renal excretion of calcium and phosphorus
Diagnostic tests for assessing musculoskeletal system
MRI, CT scan, ultrasound, XR, bone scan
Functions of the Musculoskeletal System
Protection Support Produces RBCs and WBCs Store calcium and minerals
CRP
Specific indicator of inflammation
androgens
can cause anabolism and increased bone mass