Asthma Outline Team Questions

What percentage of individuals who had persistent asthma as a child continued to have asthma at the age of 50? A. 50% B. 90% C. 25% D. 60%

50%

Asthma related costs are at a incline where they are classified into direct, indirect, and intangible costs. What percentages of the costs generally account for what percentage. A. 90-95 % B. 50-80 % C. 20-44 % D. 17-28 % E. 40-50 % F. 100%

50-80%

3. In socio-economic cost of childhood asthma, indirect costs DO NOT include: a. Productivity loss b. Working day loss c. Emergency visits d. School days loss

Emergency visits

2. Which of the following has the highest prevalence of current wheezing in adolescents? A. Asia B. English language centers C. Africa D. North America

English language centers

What is the most dangerous environmental exposure in children derived from? a) Outdoor pollutant b) Nitric dioxide (NO2) c) Indoor pollutant d) Environmental Tobacco Smoke

Environmental Tobacco Smoke

5. What is the most dangerous environmental exposure in children? A. PM2.5 B. Black Carbon C. Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) D. Third-Hand Smoke

Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)

The most dangerous environmental exposure in children is derived from a. Mycoplasma pneumoniae b. Eating too much fish c. Rain d. Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)

Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)

2. The most dangerous environmental exposure in children derives from what? a. Pollen b. Nitric dioxide c. Environmental Tobacco Smoke d. Microbial Exposure

Environmental tobacco smoke

Which continent has the highest prevalence of asthma in children? A. North America B. Europe C. Asia D. Australia

Europe

Q.2) What is the most dangerous environmental risk factor for asthma in children? A) Exposure to Nitric Oxide B) Exposure to Black Carbon C) Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke D) Exposure to indoor pollutants

Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke

What factors that increase risk of asthma development? a. Low Air pollution b. Exposure to smoke c. No family history d. None of the above

Exposure to smoke

Q: Which one of the following factor is a most common prevalence in childhood asthma? A) Allergy B) Lifestyle C) Chronic coughing D) Family history of asthma or genetic

Family history of asthma or genetic

3. What is the most relevant risk factor for developing asthma? A. Family history of atopy B. Family history of diabetes C. Smoking D. COPD

Family history of atopy

Which of the following is true of the atopy of asthma? a) Family history of atopy is considered one of the most relevant risk factors for developing asthma b) There is no clear genetic predisposition to the development of asthma. c) The relationship between allergic sensitization and asthma onset is not well-documented d) Exposure and the development of symptoms has been clearly delineated

Family history of atopy is considered one of the most relevant risk factors for developing asthma

Q.4) What is considered the most relevant risk factor for developing asthma? A) Allergic sensitization B) Allergen exposure C) Family history of atrophy D) Increase inflammation airway and bronchial hyper-responsiveness

Family history of atrophy

What are the biggest factors that contribute to child asthma? a. Genes and environment b. Age and gender c. Social lifestyle d. Technology

Genes and environment

Which of these factors will show prevalence of asthma in low middle income countries? A) Host (genetic) B) viral disease C) exposure to chemicals D) excessive exercising

Host (genetic)

1. Prevalence in asthma was more common among: a. In females after puberty. b. In females before puberty. c. In males after puberty. d. In males and females before puberty.

In females after puberty

6. THS or Third Hand Smoke a. Poses absolutely no risk for asthma b. Is the combination of tobacco smoke and pollutants that remain in the environment c. Poses a much greater risk than first or second hand smoke d. Affects only adults

Is the combination of tobacco smoke and pollutants that remain in the environment

5. These all are global burden of disease except: a. lifelong outcomes b. Morbidity c. Mortality d. Microbial exposure

Microbial Exposure

What is the "Hygiene Hypothesis"? A. Reduced exposure to microbes in childhood is linked to increased risk of asthma B. Increased exposure to microbes in childhood is linked to increased risk of asthma C. Increased exposure to microbes in childhood is linked to decreased risk of asthma D. Reduced exposure to microbes in childhood is linked to decreased risk of asthma

Reduced exposure to microbes in childhood is linked to increased risk of asthma

Global asthma-related costs significantly vary across countries depending on a) Type of health system b) Hospital admission c) Disease management d) Emergency visits

Type of health system

Where is childhood asthma most prevalent? a. United States and English-speaking countries b. South America c. Non-English speaking countries d. Asia

United States and English-speaking countries

5) Asthma prevalence observed in vary ethnic groups all over the world may be explained by A. genetic susceptibility B. polymorphisms C. environment D. location

genetic susceptibility

Which countries have more severe Asthma symptoms? A. low income countries B. high income countries C. low and middle income countries D. middle east countries

low and middle income countries

1. What are the indirect socio-economic cost of childhood asthma? A. Hospitalization B. Physiological effects C. School day loss D. Impairment of quality of life

school day loss

A mutation on which gene locus is commonly associated with asthma? a) 17q21 b) CRISPR c) SNP-2 d) QTP13

17q21

Q.1) What is considered one of the strongest loci for asthma? A) 16q12 B) 17q21 C) 14q17 D) 18q16

17q21

What relationship best describes asthma and genetics? a. A multifactorial model characterized by complex relationships between the environment and genes b. Chromosome X dysfunction causes asthma c. Genetics does not play a role in asthma d. Asthma only occurs in males

A multifactorial model characterized by complex relationships between the environment and genes

4. In Europe, Asthme is responsible for --- percent of all deaths equaling 43,000 persons and has --- over the years. A. 1 % and decreased B. 0.4 % and decreased C. 20 % and increased D. 15 % and increased

0.4 % and decreased

Asthma can be exacerbated by which of the following atypical bacteria? a. Staphylococcus aureus b. Mycoplasma pneumoniae c. Chlamydia pneumonia d. Both b and c

Both b and c

Q.6) Years of life lost plus years lived with disability (YLD) is a globally measure of morbidity. Asthma was ranked as____ highest cause of global YLD. A) 2nd B) 14th C) 10th D) 1st

14th

1) Prevalence of "asthma ever" tended toward to children, ranging from A. 9.1 to 10.4% B. 11.1 to 11.6% C. 13.2 to 13.7% D. 9.1 to 9.5%

9.1 to 9.5%

2. What is the hygiene hypothesis? a. A reduced microbial exposure since early life leads to increased rates of immunization linked to increased prevalence of asthma observed. b. Vaccinated kids are less likely to get sick c. If you do not shower, you will smell d. A reduced microbial exposure since early life leads to decreased the rates of immunization linked to decreased prevalence of asthma observed.

A reduced microbial exposure since early life leads to increased rates of immunization linked to increased prevalence of asthma observed

4. What is NOT considered a risk factor for asthma? A. Genetics B. Microbial exposure C. Atopy D. Age

Age

6. Asthma disease develops in a. Adults b. Infants c. Elders d. All ages

All ages

4. Outdoor and indoor pollutants can lead to which of the following? a. Increased asthma b. Hospitalization rates c. Reduced lung function d. All of the above

All of the above

6) What types of allergens are responsible for the increased asthma exacerbation in 60% school children? A. Eggs B. Animal dander C. Smoke D. Seasonal

Animal dander

Asthma disease can develop in which of the following ages? a. Children only b. Adults only c. People of 50 years and older d. At any stage throughout the life but generally in children

At any stage throughout the life but generally in children

5. Morbidity Asthma represents the second most important respiratory disease after A. Pneumonia B. Bronchitis C. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) D. Respiratory tract infection

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

At what stages of life does asthma appear a. Childhood b. Adulthood c. Any stage d. Puberty

Any stage

1. What is the second most important respiratory disease when considering the burden among adolescents? a. COPD b. Asthma c. Bronchitis d. Cystic Fibrosis

Asthma

2. What is the main causes of hospitalization which are particularly common in children aged < 5 years a. Anemia b. Cardiovascular disease c. Asthma d. Type 1 diabetes

Asthma

What is the most prevalent chronic respiratory disease world wide? a. Asthma b. Pneumonia c. Bronchitis d. Obstructive lung disease

Asthma

7. There is a direct relationship between asthma and: a. Morbidity b. Atopy c. Mortality d. Genetics

Atopy

Atopy refers to developing allergies based on genetic disposition. What are some things that are involved with atopy that can cause asthma in children? A. One or more parent may have asthma B. Molds C. Both a and b D. Neither a or b

Both a and b

3) Exposure to some microbes A. Can protect from atopy B. Promote allergic diseases C. Obstruct allergic diseases D. Both A & B E. Both B & C

Both A & B

7. Exposure to what has been associated with increase asthma exacerbation? A. Indoor pollution B. Outdoor pollution C. Unhealthy diet D. Both a and b are correct

Both a and b are correct

What is true about the global burden of asthma? (Select all that apply) A. Asthma can develop at any age, but usually develops in adulthood B. Asthma is the 5th highest ranked cause of global YLDs at all ages C. Children with severe asthma are at an increased risk of COPD D. Mortality is high at all ages E. 75% of children with severe asthma at 6 years still had asthma at 50 years old

C and E: Children with severe asthma are at an increased risk of COPD AND 75% of children with severe asthma at 6 years still had asthma at 50 years old

Asthma can appear at any age throughout life, but it generally develops in what stage in life? A. After 50 B. Birth C. Teens D. Childhood E. It varies between people and develops differently for every individual

Childhood

At what stage of life does asthma generally develop? a. Childhood b. Elderly c. Adulthood d. Gestational

Childhood

3. Asthma is the most common chronic disease in ___? a. 18+64-year old b. Seniors c. Infants d. Children

Children

Prevalence of "current wheeze" or asthma disease resulted to be increased in the following: a. Young adults b. Adolescents c. Elders d. Children

Children

Which of the following correctly described "hygiene hypothesis"? a) Children raised in modern environment may be more prone to develop allergic diseases due to under stimulation of the immune system. b) Children raised in modern environment are less prone to develop allergic diseases due to under stimulation of the immune system. c) Children raised in unsanitary environment are more prone to asthma compared to other children. d) Children raised in unsanitary environment are less prone to asthma compared to other children.

Children raised in modern environment may be more prone to develop allergic diseases due to under stimulation of the immune system.

6. Severe asthma in children increases the risk of _________ a. Bacterial infection b. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease c. End Stage Kidney disease d. Alzheimer's disease

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

6. Socio-Economic Costs of Childhood Asthma: What type of Costs do 'disease management and complementary investigations' constitute? A. Intangible Costs B. Direct Costs C. Indirect Costs D. Variable Costs

Direct Costs

What are the socio-economic costs of childhood asthma? a. Direct costs, indirect costs, intangible costs b. Main costs, living costs, income-based c. Drug costs, housing costs, other costs d. Major cost, dependent costs, secondary costs

Direct costs, indirect costs, intangible costs

What is a direct cost? A. Unquantifiable, since they are related to impairment of quality of life, limitation of physical activities, and study performance B. Disease management, outpatient visits, visits to emergency services, hospital admission, medications, complementary investigations or treatment C. Work-related losses D. Early mortality

Disease management, outpatient visits, visits to emergency services, hospital admission, medications, complementary investigations or treatment

Which of the following is an indirect cost of asthma? a. Hospital admission b. Early mortality c. Disease management d. Limitation of physical activities

Early mortality

7. Children in the following area has a greater burden in terms of morbidity and mortality than others: A. From LMICs low-middle-income countries B. From IMLC C. From GAN D. From ISAAC

From LMICs low-middle-income countries

What is Atopy? a. Genetic tendency to develop allergic diseases b. The physiology of allergies c. Signs and symptoms of a disease d. The family history of a disease

Genetic tendency to develop allergic diseases

5. All of the following are symptoms of asthma except? A. Coughing B. Rapid breathing C. Heart palpitations D. Chest tightness

Heart palpitations

4) The greatest decrease in age-standardized death rates was observed in which group? A) Low income countries B) Middle income countries C) High income countries D) None of the above

High income countries

Q: Between 1990 and 2015, there were great decreases in mortality rates. The greatest decrease was seen in which area? A) Low income Countries B) Medium Income Countries C) United Kingdom D) High Income Countries

High income countries

Q.5) Reduced microbial exposure as an explanation for the increase in childhood asthma is known as: A) Microbial Exposure Theory B) Epigenetics C) Hygiene Hypothesis D) Inhalation Theory

Hygiene Hypothesis

4. What is the name of the hypothesis which indicates childhood exposure to microorganisms is beneficial in preventing allergies, atopy, as well as asthma? a. Microbial hypothesis b. Hygiene hypothesis c. Allergy hypothesis d. Bacterial hypothesis

Hygiene hypotheis

As a chronic condition that usually starts in early childhood asthma: a. Imposes a high lifetime burden on individuals b. Affects only newborns c. Stops at puberty d. Affects more male than female

Imposes a high lifetime burden on individuals

3. A reduced microbial exposure since early life through improved sanitation and increased rates of immunization have been linked to: A. Increase prevalence of asthma observed in childhood B. Decrease Prevalence of asthma observed in childhood C. Unrelated D. It could increase or decrease depends on other factors

Increase prevalence of asthma observed in childhood

4. What correlation is present with microbial exposure in childhood and the immune system? A. Decreased immunity B. No correlation observed C. Increased Immunity D. None of the above

Increased Immunity

3. Which of the following is an example of intangible asthma related cost? A. Hospitalization cost B. Limitation of physical activity C. Missing school D. Disease management

Limitation of physical activity

5. What countries have high rate of asthma, and is it more common in children or older people? a. High income countries, and more common in older b. Low income countries, and more common in older c. High income countries, and more common in children d. Low income countries, and more common in children

Low income countries, and more common in children

Q: Indirect costs of childhood asthma include all of the following EXCEPT: A) Productivity loss B) Medications C) Working day loss D) School days loss

Medications

A European population-based birth cohort study on more than 14,000 children found that increasing exposure to _____ at the birth increased asthma incidence at age 14-16 years. A) Air pollution B) NO2 C) CO2 D) ETS (Environmental Tobacco Smoke)

NO2

1. Which one of these is NOT an indirect socio-economic cost of childhood asthma? a. Outpatient visits b. Productivity loss c. Working day loss d. School days loss

Outpatient visits

Q.3) In the socioeconomic cost of childhood asthma figure/model which answer applies to direct costs? A.) Outpatient visits B.) Productivity Loss C.) Impairment quality of life D.) Working day loss

Outpatient visits

Which of these is NOT a toxic air pollutant? a. Oxygen b. Nitric Dioxide c. Black Carbon d. Environmental Tobacco Smoke

Oxygen

2. What is the main genetic susceptibility associated with asthma? a. Polymorphisms in 17q21 locus b. Mutation c. Polymorphism in 16q23 locus d. Demethylation

Polymorphisms in 17q21 locus

Which of the listed environmental factors are not associated with increased asthma exacerbations? A) Tobacco smoke B) Nitric dioxide C) Air pollution D) Quality of water

Quality of water

2) Which of the following are indirect costs of childhood asthma? A. School days lost due to exacerbation B. Depression and anxiety C. medication costs D. limitation of physical activities E. hospital costs

School days lost due to exacerbation

2. All of the following are classifications of asthma-related costs except: a. Direct costs b. Sunk cost c. Intangible costs d. Indirect costs

Sunk cost

What is the most important symptom in identifying asthma? A) Coughing B) Chest pressure C) Throat irritation D) Wheezing

Wheezing

1. What is a clear sign of pediatric asthma? a. Wheezing (whistling sound) b. Alopecia c. Lightheadedness d. Discoloration of skin

Wheezing (whistling sound)

Which of the following is not a direct cost related to Asthma? A. Emergency room Bill B. Medication Costs C. Work Related Losses D. Outpatient Visits

Work related losses

How does microbial exposure affect children with asthma? a. The timing of exposure does not affect children b. Does not affect any individual with asthma c. Yes, it is based on the so called "hygiene hypothesis" d. None of the above

Yes, it is based on the so called "hygiene hypothesis"

What is the most common chronic disease in children? a. Diabetes b. Asthma c. Cardiovascular Disease d. Pulmonary Disease

asthma