ASVAB/AFCT General Science
The energy transformation of chemical to electrical energy describes
A car's battery has stored energy in the form of sulfuric acid and in cells each with a cathode and anode, which can carry voltage necessary to power various systems of an automobile(Cars battery)
A meter stick can usually be balanced by placing a finger beneath the point marked
A meter stick can be balanced on a finger placed on the 50 cm mark because it is half the distance of 1 meter. 100 centimeters equal 1 meter. (50 cm)
A 1,000-ton ship must displace a weight of water equal to
(1000 ton) Like displaces like.
Ringworm is caused by a(n)
Ringworm is a skin disease caused by a fungus. (fungus)
Which organelle is responsible for the eye focusing?
The lens, located behind the pupil, focuses light which is then received by the retina and from there converted into neural signals to be used by the brain for visual recognition(lens)
A hip joint is best described as a
The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint that permits circular movement. (ball-and-socket joint)
Of the following, the part of a ship that gives it stability by lowering the center of gravity is the
The keel is the part of the ship that gives it stability. A bulkhead is a wall, the anchor keeps the ship from moving, and the prow is the front of the ship(Keel)
A vector is used to represent force. The length of the vector indicates its
The length of the vector represents the magnitude of the force(magnitude)
After adding a solute to a liquid, the freezing point of the liquid is
The lowering of the freezing point of a solution is generally proportional to the solute particles in the solution. A practical application of this principle is the throwing of salt on a snow- or ice-covered sidewalk to help melt the snow or ice.(lowered)
The major chemical constituent of a cell, by weight, is
The major chemical constituent of a cell by importance is protein but by weight it is water.(water)
Two children are seated on a seesaw. The first child, seated 4 feet from the center, weighs 80 pounds. If the second child weighs 40 pounds, how far from the center must that child sit to balance the seesaw?
To balance the seesaw, the product of the weight and the distance from the weight to the fulcrum must be the same for both sides. Let x = distance from center of seesaw for the second child. x×40=4×8040x=320x=32040=8feet (8 feet)
Substances that hasten a chemical reaction without themselves undergoing change are called
A substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction but is itself unchanged at the end of the reaction is called a catalyst (catalysts.)
The presence of coal deposits in Alaska shows that at one time Alaska
Coal is formed by the partial decomposition of vegetable matter under the influence of moisture, pressure, and temperature and in the absence of air. If there is coal in Alaska, there must once have been abundant vegetation in Alaska(had a tropical climate)
If a person has been injured in an accident and damage to the back and neck is suspected, it is best to
Damage to the neck and back is especially dangerous because the spinal cord is so vulnerable. Once the spinal cord is severed, paralysis is inevitable and irreversible, so if there is any question of back or neck injury, the person should be moved only by a skilled professional(Wait for professional help)
Bacteria of decay help
Decay bacteria decompose organic compounds of dead organisms to inorganic compounds, which enrich the soil(enrich soil)
The chief nutrient in lean meat is
Meat provides much essential protein in the form the body needs. Protein is the principal nutrient in lean meat.(Protein)
Shooting stars" are
Meteors or "shooting stars" come into the earth's atmosphere from outer space with high velocity. The resistance offered by the earth's atmosphere makes these meteors incandescent in flight. (meteors)
If you wish to cut down on saturated fats and cholesterol in your diet, which of the following foods should you avoid?
Milk and milk products, such as cheese and butter, are high in saturated fat and cholesterol.(Cheese)
The part of the digestive system in which most of the digested materials are absorbed into the bloodstream is the
Most of the end products of digestion are absorbed into the bloodstream while traveling through the small intestine.(Small intestine)
The air around us is composed mostly of
Nitrogen constitutes about four fifths of the earth's atmosphere, by volume.(nitrogen)
Organisms that sustain their life cycles by feeding off other live organisms are known as
Organisms that live on or in the body of other live organisms from which food is obtained are called parasites.(Parasites)
Lack of Vitamin D is often related to which of the following diseases?
Rickets is a disease in which bones and teeth are weak and poorly formed. It may be caused by insufficient Vitamin D in the diet. (Rickets)
The scientific name Homo sapiens consists of the
Scientific names are always the genus and the species. The scientific name for human beings is Homo sapiens. (genus and species.)
Skeletal muscles are joined to bones by tough connective tissue called
Skeletal muscles are joined to bones by tendons. Tendons are so attached that they pull on the bones and make them act like levers(tendon)
When two or more elements combine to form a substance that has properties different from those of the component elements, that new substance is known as a(n)
Substances are classified as elements or compounds. A compound is a substance composed of the atoms of two or more different elements.(compound.)
A lead sinker weighs 54 grams in air, 23.8 grams in liquid A, and 28.6 grams in liquid B. From this information, what conclusions can be drawn concerning the densities of the two liquids?
The denser the liquid, the less the weight of the lead sinker. Accordingly, liquid B has less density than liquid A.(Liquid A has a greater density than liquid B.)
On the Celsius temperature scale, each Celsius degree represents what fraction of the temperature range between the freezing and boiling points of water?
The freezing point of water is 0ºC; the boiling point of water is 100ºC. There is a 100º temperature range between the freezing and boiling points of water. 1°C=1100 of this range. (1100)
Carry out the following computation, and express the results in scientific notation 7.20 × 103 cm × 8.08 × 103 cm.
7.20 × 103 cm × 8.08 × 103 cm = 5.82 × 107 cm2 (5.82 × 107 cm2)
During a tug-of-war contest, Team A beats Team B. The force exerted by Team A can be described as
. A net force is defined as the sum of all the forces acting on an object. The greater the force on one side of an object determines the direction of the force (net force)
When two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the resultant force is equal to the
. When two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the resultant force produced is equal to the difference between the two forces (difference between the forces.)
How old is a skeleton sample if the current amount of carbon in the bones is 3.135%? (Assume you started with 100% and the half-life of Carbon-14 is 5,730 years.)
100% > 50 > 25 > 12.5 > 6.25 > 3.125 equals 5 half-lives. 5 × 5,730 = 28,650 years. (28,650 years)
52 weeks is the equivalent of
364 days.
Alcoholic beverages contain
Alcoholic beverages contain grain alcohol. Wood alcohol is methyl alcohol, which is extremely toxic; drinking it may cause blindness. Isopropyl alcohol is rubbing alcohol. Glyceryl alcohol is an industrial solvent.(grain alcohol)
Of the following, the food that contains the largest amount of Vitamin C is
All vegetables contain some Vitamin C, and yellow vegetables contain more Vitamin C than green ones. However, tomatoes contain nearly as much Vitamin C as citrus fruits(tomatoes)
The smallest particle of gold that still retains the characteristics of gold is a(n)
An atom is the smallest part of an element that retains all the properties of the element.(Atom)
Hearing an echo is most like seeing
An echo is the repetition of a sound caused by the reflection of sound waves. An image is an optical appearance of an object produced by reflection from a mirror.(ones image in a mirror)
Chemicals that have been pumped into the air by industries cause air pollution. This leads to
As all the effects listed in choices A, B, and C result from air pollution, choice D (all of the above) is the most inclusive and therefore the best answer.(all the answers) a) acid rains that destroy crops and animals. b) respiratory ailments in animals and people. c) possible changes in the climate.
Which of the following will cause Athlete's foot?
Athlete's foot is caused by a fungus and could be considered a pathogen. Algae, bacteria, and protozoa are non-disease causing agents (fungus)
The normal height of a mercury barometer at sea level is
Barometric pressure is expressed in inches. The range is generally from 28 to 31 inches.(30 inches)
A volcanic eruption is caused by
Boiling lava erupts from a volcano. The force that causes the eruption is pressure inside the earth. (pressure inside the earth.)
The process that is responsible for the continuous removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is
By the process of photosynthesis, green plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and replace it with oxygen.(photosynthesis)
Of the following, a condition NOT associated with heavy cigarette smoking is
Cigarette smoking can speed up the heartbeat not slow it down (slowing of the heartbeat.)
Citrus fruits and tomatoes are good sources of
Citrus fruits and tomatoes prevent scurvy by providing the body with large quantities of Vitamin C. (Vitamin C)
Citrus fruits include
Citrus fruits include lemons, limes, oranges, and grapefruits.(oranges)
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are found in nodules on the roots of the
Clover serves to return nitrates to the soil through the action of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in nodules on its roots.(Clover)
In which of the following types of rocks are most fossils found?
Fossils are found chiefly in sedimentary rock. When an organism falls in place and is covered and compressed by sand, mud, or soil, as the sediment hardens into rock, parts of the organism are preserved as fossil.(Sedimentary)
Which one of the following is NOT a fruit?
Fruits have seeds. Tomatoes, cucumbers, and green peppers have seeds. A potato is a tuber.(Potato)
The primary reason why fungi are often found growing in abundance deep in the forest is that
Fungi do not contain chlorophyll, so they cannot produce their own food through photosynthesis. Because fungi must rely on decaying organic matter for their food, the forest is a hospitable home. (they have a plentiful supply of organic matter.)
Which of the following acids is found in the digestive system?
Gastric acid, gastric juice or stomach acid, is a digestive fluid formed in the stomach and is composed of hydrochloric acid (HCl), potassium chloride (KCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl) (hydrochloric)
If we start with 400 atoms of a radioactive substance, how many would remain after one half-life?
Half-life is defined as the amount of time it takes for half of a substance to undergo decay. A 400g sample undergoing one half-life decays by 50%. 200 is half of 400. (200)
Which of the following are responsible for nitrogen fixation?
In a symbiotic relationship with the soil, bacteria known as rhizobia, legumes (peanuts) form nodules on their roots (or stems,) to 'fix' nitrogen into a form usable by plants (and animals).(Peanuts)
The principal metal used to manufacture steel is
Iron is the major component in the production of steel(iron)
The earth completes one trip around the sun approximately every
It takes the earth one year to complete an orbit of the sun. A year contains 365 days, or 52 weeks. (52 weeks)
Which vitamin can be intensified by the sun?
Known as the sunshine vitamin, vitamin D is produced by the body in response to skin being exposed to sunlight. (D)
Light passes through the crystalline lens in the eye and focuses on the
Light enters the eye through the pupil (the opening in the center of the iris), travels through the transparent crystalline lens, then travels through the vitreous humor (eyeball), and finally focuses on the retina. (retina)
If you are caught away from home during a thunderstorm, the safest place to be is
Lightning is most likely to strike the highest object in an area. If you are standing in an open field or at the top of a small hill, you are likely to be the highest object and a good target. If you stand under a tree, lightning might hit the tree and cause it to fall on you. A car is grounded. If you are inside a car that is hit by lightning, you will only be frightened. The lightning will be transmitted into the ground by the car. (in car)
To reduce soil acidity, a farmer should use
Lime is highly alkaline. (lime)
Which of the following processes is responsible for the removal of oxygen from the atmosphere?
Respiration requires oxygen while photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide (respiration)
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants manufacture carbohydrates from
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants manufacture carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.(carbon dioxide and water.)
The temperature of the air falls at night because the earth loses heat by
Radiation is the process by which energy is transferred in space.(Radiation)
Narcotics may be dangerous if used without supervision, but they are useful in medicine because they
Relieve pain
Which of the following is NOT a viral disease?
Syphilis is caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. The spirochete is a type of bacteria.(Syphilis)
Of the following, the statement that best describes a "high" on a weather map is that air
The "highs" on a weather map are based on barometric pressure. The greater the air pressure, the higher the mercury in the barometer (pressure is greater than normal.)
The cyclotron is used to
The cyclotron is the machine that splits atoms (split atoms)
You are most likely to develop hypothermia when
The prefix hypo- means below or abnormally deficient. Hypothermia is a condition in which the body's temperature falls well below the normal 98.6°F. If it is very hot and you have nothing to drink, you may become dehydrated and might develop hyperthermia, overheating.(it is very cold and your clothes are wet.)
The primary reason designers seek to lower the center of gravity in automobiles is to
The primary reason for lowering the center of gravity in automobiles is to increase stability. Stability is increased largely by lowering the center of gravity and by increasing the width of the automobile. (increase stability)
The scientific name of an organism consists of its
The scientific name of an organism consists of the genus and the species (genus and species.)
During a thunderstorm, we see a lightning bolt before we hear the sound of the accompanying thunder chiefly because the
The speed of light is approximately a million times that of sound (speed of light is much faster than the speed of sound.)
The vascular system of the body is concerned with
The vascular system is the system of vessels for the circulation of blood. The respiratory system is concerned with respiration (breathing) and the endocrine system with hormones.(circulation of blood.)
AIDS is a disease caused by a
The virus that causes AIDS is called human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV (Virus)
A person is more buoyant when swimming in saltwater than in freshwater because
The weight of the saltwater displaced by a human body is greater than the weight of freshwater displaced by that same body. Because the water displaced is heavier, the body is proportionally lighter and is more buoyant. (saltwater weighs more than an equal volume of freshwater.)
Vitamin K is needed for
Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin needed for normal blood clotting(normal blood clotting)
The vitamin that helps coagulation of the blood is
Vitamin K is useful in the coagulation of blood. Vitamin C prevents scurvy; Vitamin E helps maintain red blood cells and aids in fertility; and Vitamin D prevents rickets. (K)
The number of degrees on the Fahrenheit thermometer between the freezing point and the boiling point of water is
Water boils at 212°F and freezes at 32°F. 212° - 32° = 180°. (180 degrees)
What temperature is shown on a Fahrenheit thermometer when a centigrade thermometer reads 0º?
Water freezes at 0° on a centigrade or Celsius thermometer. Water freezes at 32° Fahrenheit.(32 degrees)
