ATI Infection control
3 most common reactions to latex products
- Irritant contact dermatitis - Allergic contact dermatitis (delayed hypersensitivity) - Latex allergy
Eye protection
1. Grasping the ear or head pieces of the appropriate device, spread and slowly apply the device over the ears 2. Adjust for comfort if needed 3. Using ungloved hands, grasp the ear pieces and lift away from the face 4. Discard disposable devices in the appropriate receptacle. If the device is designed to be reused, process it according to agency protocol.
Glove process
1. Perform hand hygiene until the product disappears and the hands are dry 2. Select the appropriate glove size 3. Holding the glove at the opening, slip the fingers into the glove and pull tight 4. With the glove hand, hold the second glove at the opening and slip the ungloved fingers into the glove and pull tight 5. Pull gloves to the wrists of both hands 6. Remove gloves by grasping the cuff of the other gloved hand 7. Avoiding skin contact, roll the glove inside out and place it in the palm of the gloved hand 8. Grasp the glove on the inside of the cuff and pull inside out 9. Dispose the gloves 10. Perform hand hygiene
Gown procedure
1. Select the appropriate type and size of gown 2. With the gown opening in the back, pull the arms through the sleeves one at a time and pull it over the shoulders. Secure at the neck and waste. 3. If the gown is disposable and designed to be removed quickly, the gloves may be removed with the gown and rolled together to prevent contamination 4. If not using a breakaway gown, untie the waist before removing the gloves. Remove gloves. With ungloved hands, untie the gown at the neck and pull it away from the shoulders. Roll it into a bundle while avoiding contact with the outside of the gown. 5. Dispose of the gown 6. Perform hand hygiene
Mask procedures
1. Some masks have ties and some have elastic to secure the mask to the face. Some are flexible and some are molded. 2. Masks have a flexible nose piece that is adjusted by pinching at the bridge of the nose 3. Place and hold the mask over the nose mouth and chin while stretching the band over the ear or tying the ties behind the head and at the base of the neck. 4. Adjust the mask so it is snug with no gaps. The mask should not be touched or readjusted during use. 5. After properly removing and disposing of gloves, carefully remove the elastic from the ear or untie the mask from the back of the head, bottom first. 6. Dispose of the mask 7. Perform hand hygiene
cough etiquette
1. cover the nose/mouth when coughing or sneezing 2. use tissues to contain respiratory secretions 3. dispose of tissues in "no touch" receptacle 4. wash hands afterwards 5. wear a mask if infectious
Gowns
A clean non sterile gown is adequate for protecting skin and preventing soiling of clothing during procedures and client care activities that are likely to generate splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions.
A nurse is about to irrigate a clients open wound. Besides gloves, which of the following personal protective equipment should the nurse wear?
A face shield.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a healthcare associated infection. Which of the following describes an exogenous HAI?
A salmonella infection that occurs after eating contaminated food from the cafeteria.
Surgical mask pre molded
Adherence to the head with a single elastic band, and has a flexible adjustment for the bridge of the nose
How long can influenza viruses survive inside a host?
At room temperature, with moderate humidity, these viruses can live 24 to 48 hours on steel and plastic, and 8 to 12 hours on cloth and facial tissues.
Face shields
Can be used as alternative to goggles, don't fit snugly making it vulnerable to splash and spray going under the shield, should not be considered the best protection
What if the client who is on droplet precautions has a prescription for a diagnostic test?
Clients who are a drop of the cross and should be transported out of the room only when necessary. If the client needs to leave the room place a surgical mask on the client. Maintain 3 feet between the client and other individuals. Communicate the clients required precautions to other departments.
Surgical mask with two ties
Conforms to the face with the aid of a flexible adjustment for the bridge of the nose, and may be flat and pleaded or duck billed in shape
What should the nurse do to maintain standard precautions?
Disinfect hands immediately after removing gloves.
To decontaminate their hands with an alcohol base gel, the nurse should rub their hands together until all of the gel has evaporated in their hands are dry. Which of the following is the correct rationale for why hand should be rubbed together until dry?
Drying provides the full antiseptic effect
Are artificial nails acceptable in health care facilities?
Evidence shows that health care workers wearing artificial nails carry more pathogens on their nails than any other health care workers.
Safety glasses
Excellent for providing impact protection, don't protect adequately from splash spray and respiratory droplets
Standard precautions
Hand hygiene, use of gloves gown mask face shield, respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette, safe injection practices
Linens
Handle linens soiled with blood body fluids secretions and excretions carefully. To protect healthcare workers transport them in leak resistant bag.
Contact precautions should be implemented for an adult client who has been hospitalized and has which of the following?
Infectious diarrhea
isolation precautions
Isolation precautions comprise Standard, contact, airborne, and droplet precautions in addition to protective environments for immunocompromised clients. The goal is to illuminate or reduce infection transmission from one person to another.
How far can a virus-laden droplet travel and still be a potential source of infection?
It can travel up to 3 feet in any direction and still be infectious.
Which of the following is an advantage of using alcohol-based gel?
It takes less time to use than washing with soap and water
Transmission based precautions
Measures taken in addition to standard precautions to interrupt transmission of pathogens from clients who may be infected or colonized with certain infectious agents: specifically airborne droplet and contact precautions
contact precautions
Measures taken to prevent the spread of disease is transmitted by the physical transfer of pathogens via direct or indirect contact
Droplet precautions
Measures taken to prevent the spread of disease transmitted by small (greater than 5 microns) respiratory droplets from an infected person
Airborne precautions
Measures taken to prevent the spread of disease transmitted by small (less than 5 microns) respiratory droplets from an infected person
Goggles
Must fit snugly to provide adequate protection from splashes, sprays, and respiratory droplets
How long can fingernails be?
Nails should extend no more than ¼ inch past the nail bed. Special care should be taken to clean the underside thoroughly. Artificial nails should be avoided.
Are prescription eyeglasses or contact lenses an acceptable form of eye protection?
No. Neither eyeglasses nor contact lenses provide enough coverage to prevent infectious disease (splashes) via ocular exposure and transmission.
When without a handkerchief or a facial tissue, is it appropriate to "sneeze into your sleeve"?
Oddly enough, yes, this reduces the transmission of airborne infection.
Which of the following products can affect the permeability of latex gloves?
Petroleum based hand lotion
medical asepsis
Practices and procedures to reduce the risk of infection, including, but not limited to: hand hygiene, environmental cleaning and barrier techniques
A nurse is caring for a client who has mycoplasma pneumoniae. The client has been placed on droplet precautions. Which of the following actions should the nurse take when caring for the client?
Protect their eyes.
How can I protect elderly clients and other immunocompromised clients from healthcare associated infections?
Standard precaution should be used with all clients to prevent the spread of pathogens
Standard Precautions
Standard precautions include a group of infection prevention practices that apply to all patients, regardless of suspected or confirmed infection status, in any setting in which healthcare is delivered. These include: hand hygiene, use of gloves, gown, mask, eye protection, or face shield.
surgical asepsis
Sterile technique to prevent infection of a surgical wound that includes procedures to prohibit the presence of pathogens from the client, medical personnel, equipment, and surgical environment.
Aseptic technique
Techniques and measures used to keep a person, object or area free from contamination by pathogens
After completing a procedure that required donning personnel protective equipment consisting of a gown, and N 95 respirator, a face shield, and gloves, which of the following should the nurse remove first when removing PPE separately?
The gloves
A nurse is washing their hands with soap and water prior to repositioning a client bed. During the handwashing procedure it is important to take which of the following actions?
Wash for at least 15 seconds.
After assisting newly admitted client with removing their shoes and outerwear, the nurse notices what appears to be soil or grime on their hands. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Wash their hands with soap and water.
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
gloves, gowns, masks, and protective eye gear designed to minimize or prevent the health care worker's exposure to infectious material
