ATV. 12.3
The extracellular matrix of blood normally makes up what percent of the blood volume?
55%
A "patent foramen ovale" is a condition where the foramen ovale does not close properly after birth. What would a patent foramen ovale most likely lead to?
A shunt where blood moves from the left atrium to the right atrium
What is the function of smooth muscle cells of the cardiovascular system?
Add strength to blood vessels
Which of the following can increase blood pressure by increasing blood volume? Thyroid gland Pancreas Adrenal glands Pineal gland
Adrenal glands
Which of the following can increase blood pressure by increasing blood volume? Aldosterone Epinephrine Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) Erythropoietin
Aldosterone
Choose below the best response for causing vasodilation? An increase in oxygen concentration in the tissue fluid A decrease in carbon dioxide in the tissue fluid An increase in lactic acid concentration in skeletal muscles An increase in pH of the interstitial fluid
An increase in lactic acid concentration in skeletal muscles
What term is used for the connecting channels between veins?
Anastomoses
Which artery would you expect to have the greatest amount of elastin?
Aorta which receives blood from the left ventricle
Choose the vessel type below that controls blood flow to a tissue/region.
Arteriole
Stiffening of the arteries due to degenerative changes is most specifically called what?
Arteriosclerosis
What cardiovascular change would explain why pulse pressure tends to increase with age?
Atherosclerosis of the large arteries prevents them from passively absorbing the blood ejected from the heart (stroke volume) as easily, causing systolic pressure to rise.
Which offers a collateral pathway for draining areas served by the inferior vena cava, including the abdominal wall?
Azygos system
What would be the risk for a person if one or more chordae tendinae rupture?
Backflow through the mitral valve
Which portion of coronary circulation supplies the left ventricle and left atrium?
Circumflex branch
Right atrioventricular valve stenosis would likely cause which of these? Distension of the external jugular vein Anastomotic flow between the internal and external jugular veins. Distension of the sagittal sinuses Dilation of the carotid arteriesDistension of the external jugular vein Anastomotic flow between the internal and external jugular veins. Distension of the sagittal sinuses Dilation of the carotid arteries
Distension of the external jugular vein
Most of the veins that drain the brain empty into the what?
Dural sinus
Which of these lists includes all of the veins that deliver blood to the right side of the heart? Coronary sinus and superior vena cava Right superior pulmonary vein, right inferior pulmonary vein, inferior vena cava, superior vena cava Right superior pulmonary vein, right inferior pulmonary vein, left superior pulmonary vein, left inferior pulmonary vein Inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, coronary sinus
Inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, coronary sinus
Choose from below the most direct cause of cardiac tamponade?
Inflammation of the pericardium
Which of the following is not a characteristic that is shared by both cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells?
Intercalated discs
Which of the artery branches below are not perfused by branches of the abdominal aorta?
Intercostal arteries
Which chamber of the heart receives oxygen-rich blood directly from the pulmonary veins?
Left atrium
Which vein is frequently used for blood draws?
Median cubital vein
Choose the vessel type below that is described as controlling blood flow into a specific capillary.
Metarteriole
Which of the following is not a result of sympathetic nerves? Increased action potential firing Increased heart rate Negative chronotropic effect Release of epinephrine
Negative chronotropic effect
When taking the pulse from behind the knee, which artery is being palpated?
Popliteal
What statement below fits with the function of collagen in blood vessels? Contributes to the ability of a blood vessel to return to its shape after it is compressed Prevents rupture of the blood vessel Consists of molecules that are disorganized, entangled and crosslinked
Prevents rupture of the blood vessel
Which statement below does not fit with the function of elastin in blood vessels? Contributes to the ability of a blood vessel to return to its shape after it is compressed Prevents rupture of the blood vessel Consists of molecules that are disorganized, entangled and crosslinked
Prevents rupture of the blood vessel
what statement below fits with the function of collagen in blood vessels? Prevents rupture of the blood vessel Consists of molecules that are disorganized, entangled and crosslinked Contributes to the ability of a blood vessel to return to its shape after it is compressed
Prevents rupture of the blood vessel
Which of the following is not properly matched with its function? Aortic valve - prevents back flow from the aorta into the left ventricle Bicuspid valve - prevents backflow from the left ventricle to left atrium Pulmonary semilunar valve - blood flows from the left ventricle out to the body through the veins Tricuspid valve - separates the right atrium from the right ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valve - blood flows from the left ventricle out to the body through the veins
Which of the following contains fully oxygenated blood? Superior vena cava Pulmonary arteries Inferior vena cava Pulmonary veins
Pulmonary veins
Which statement below fits best with the systemic veins and venules. Return oxygen-rich blood to the left side of the heart Return the blood, high in carbon dioxide and waste products, to the right side of the heart Deliver oxygen-poor blood to the capillaries surrounding the alveoli of the lungs Deliver blood, rich with oxygen and nutrients, to capillary networks
Return the blood, high in carbon dioxide and waste products, to the right side of the heart
Which statement below fits best with the systemic veins and venules. Return the blood, high in carbon dioxide and waste products, to the right side of the heart Deliver oxygen-poor blood to the capillaries surrounding the alveoli of the lungs Return oxygen-rich blood to the left side of the heart Deliver blood, rich with oxygen and nutrients, to capillary networks
Return the blood, high in carbon dioxide and waste products, to the right side of the heart
Which statement below is true for the systemic venules and veins? Return the blood, high in carbon dioxide and waste products, to the right side of the heart Deliver blood, rich with oxygen and nutrients, to capillary networks Deliver oxygen-poor blood to the capillaries surrounding the alveoli of the lungs Return oxygen-rich blood to the left side of the heart
Return the blood, high in carbon dioxide and waste products, to the right side of the heart
Which statement below is true for endothelial cells? Specialized connective tissue cells adapted to interact with blood Specialized nervous tissue cells adapted to interact with blood Specialized epithelial cells adapted to interact with blood
Specialized epithelial cells adapted to interact with blood
Most of the vessels in the body are paired. Which of the following is not a paired vein?
Splenic vein
Which of the following is not a function of endothelial cells?
Stimulate clot formation
Which of the following is not a function of endothelial cells? Form new blood vessels Sensation of mechanical forces Immune response Stimulate clot formation
Stimulate clot formation
Pick the abdominal arteries below that are not in pairs.
Superior and inferior mesenteric arteries, celiac trunk and the median sacral artery
Pick the abdominal arteries below that are not in pairs. Inferior phrenic, celiac trunk and the median sacral artery Middle suprarenal, Renal and Gonadal arteries Superior and inferior mesenteric arteries, celiac trunk and the median sacral artery Superior and inferior mesenteric arteries, celiac trunk, middle suprarenal arteries
Superior and inferior mesenteric arteries, celiac trunk and the median sacral artery
Pick the abdominal arteries below that are not in pairs. Superior and inferior mesenteric arteries, celiac trunk and the median sacral artery Superior and inferior mesenteric arteries, celiac trunk, middle suprarenal arteries Middle suprarenal, Renal and Gonadal arteries Inferior phrenic, celiac trunk and the median sacral artery
Superior and inferior mesenteric arteries, celiac trunk and the median sacral artery
Which of the following veins is not matched properly with the organ it drains blood from? Gonadal - testes Suprarenal - spleen Renal - kidney Inferior phrenic vein - diaphragm
Suprarenal - spleen
Many people with coronary atherosclerosis do not have any signs of this disorder at rest, but develop them during exertion. Choose from below the best explanation for this phenomenon.
The coronary arteries can't dilate when the local myocytes tell them to
Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of heart when going from deep to superficial? The endocardium, the myocardium, the epicardium The endocardium, the epicardium, the myocardium The myocardium, the epicardium, the endocardium The epicardium, the myocardium, the endocardium
The endocardium, the myocardium, the epicardium
Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of heart when going from deep to superficial? The myocardium, the epicardium, the endocardium The endocardium, the myocardium, the epicardium The endocardium, the epicardium, the myocardium The epicardium, the myocardium, the endocardium
The endocardium, the myocardium, the epicardium
The superior vena cava is formed from the joining of which veins listed below? The left and right brachiocephalic veins and the azygos veins The two jugular and the two brachiocephalic veins The left and right brachiocephalic veins The left and right jugular veins
The left and right brachiocephalic veins
The superior vena cava is formed from the joining of which veins listed below? The left and right jugular veins The left and right brachiocephalic veins and the azygos veins The left and right brachiocephalic veins The two jugular and the two brachiocephalic veins
The left and right brachiocephalic veins
Why is the liver an exception to the general rule that blood flows from the heart to a single organ and back to the heart?
The liver is responsible for processing substance that were absorbed from the GI tract that may be dangerous to the body before they are transported around the rest of the body
Which of the following is not properly matched with its description?
The opening for the aorta is found in the right ventricle
Which of the following is not properly matched with its description? The opening for the pulmonary veins is found in the left atrium Papillary muscles are attached to the AV valves by the chordae tendinae The opening for the superior and inferior vena cavaes are in the right atrium The opening for the aorta is found in the right ventricle
The opening for the aorta is found in the right ventricle
Which of the following aortic segments is not properly matched with its function? Ascending aorta - contains the aortic sinuses that feed the coronary arteries Arch of the aorta - gives rise to three major branches: the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery Thoracic aorta - supplies blood to the anterior and posterior interventricular arteries Abdominal aorta - gives off visceral and parietal branches
Thoracic aorta - supplies blood to the anterior and posterior interventricular arteries
At which artery is blood pressure routinely measured?
Brachial
What body area is supplied by the ascending aorta?
Branches supply the heart with blood
Which layer of blood vessels has a high number of openings that allow for the movement of solutes?
Tunica interna
Which layer of blood vessels is composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue?
Tunica media
Choose the vessel type below that is described as the site of white blood cell exit from the vascular system during inflammation. Venule Capillary Metarteriole Arteriole
Venule
Which of the following structure is designed to facilitate the exchange of gasses and nutrients? Capillaries Arterioles Venules Metarterioles
Capillaries
Which of the following is correct? Skeletal muscle cells rely on external calcium to create action potentials. None of these answers are correct. Cardiac muscle cells rely on external calcium to create action potentials. Neural cells rely on external calcium to create action potentials.
Cardiac muscle cells rely on external calcium to create action potentials.
Choose the characteristic that describes systemic circulation?
Carries fully oxygenated blood in its arterial vessels
Which of the following veins does not have a corresponding artery associated with it? Radial Axillary Brachial Cephalic
Cephalic
Pressure on the neck near one of the carotid sinuses can cause unconsciousness because:
it mimics high blood pressure and results in vasodilation
Mitral valve stenosis would most directly lead to what?
Increased left atrial pressure
Choose the characteristic that describes pulmonary circulation?
Contains capillary networks; starts and ends at the heart
Hemostasis requires normal amounts of clotting factors. The condition that results in excessive bleeding due to overconsumption of clotting factors is called what?
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Which of the following can increase blood pressure by increasing blood volume? Epinephrine Parathyroid hormone Growth hormone Somatostatin
Epinephrine
Which of the following type of capillary is not matched with its correct description below. Continuous capillary: have the lowest permeability and are found in tissues such as muscle and nervous Sinusoid capillaries: allow for the passage of blood cells and blood proteins and are found in bone marrow and liver Fenestrated capillary: have large openings, making them the most permeable of all the capillary types
Fenestrated capillary: have large openings, making them the most permeable of all the capillary types
Which of the following can increase blood pressure by increasing blood volume? Diabetes Gastroesophageal reflux disease Smoking Lack of physical activity
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Which of the following is not a deep vein of the pelvis and lower limb?
Great saphenous veins
Which of the following is not a deep vein of the pelvis and lower limb? Dorsalis pedis vein Femoral vein Popliteal vein Great saphenous veins
Great saphenous veins
Which of the following is not a deep vein of the pelvis and lower limb? Dorsalis pedis vein Great saphenous veins Popliteal vein Femoral vein
Great saphenous veins
What body area is supplied by the arch of the aorta?
Head and the arms
The actual cause of hypertension due to polycythemia is what?
High blood viscosity
Which of the following lists has the arteries in order from most proximal to most distal? Femoral, iliac, tibial, popliteal, plantar Planta, tibial, popliteal, femoral, iliac Plantar, popliteal, tibial, iliac, femoral Iliac, femoral, popliteal, tibial, plantar
Iliac, femoral, popliteal, tibial, plantar
