Axial Skeleton
Hyoid Bone
1. Not considered a skull bone 2. Located above the larynx 3. Point of attachment for many tongue and neck muscles 4. Does not articulate with any other bone in the body - unique feature
Mastoiditis, meningitis
2 diseases of the Mastoid process
Annulus fibrosus
A ?
Kyphosis
Abnormal curvatures of spine (KLS)
Lordosis
Abnormal curvatures of spine (KLS)
Scoliosis
Abnormal curvatures of spine (KLS)
Superior nasal concha
Above this concha
Nucleus pulposus
B ?
atlas
C1
axis
C2
Secondary curvatures
Cervical, lumbar Develops after birth
Middle fossa
Cranial floor: Green
Posterior Fossa
Cranial floor: Purple
Anterior fossa
Cranial floor: Red
12 facial
How many Paired Facial bones?
4 cranial
How many Singular Cranial Bones
2 facial
How many Singular Facial Bones
7
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
5
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
2 cranial
How many paired Cranial Bones?
5
How many sacrum are fused together
12
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
cribriform plate (*)
Passageway for olfactory nerves (*)
appendicular skeleton
Pectoral and pelvic girdles, the upper and lower limbs
Present at birth, convex, convex
Primary curvatures: When are they present? Thoracic (is curved which way?) Sacral (is curved which way?)
Develops after birth, concave, concave
Secondary curvatures: When are they present? Cervical (is curved which way?) Lumbar (is curved which way?)
Temporal bone
Squamous suture, Zygomatic process, Zygomatic arch, Mandibular fossa, External auditory meatus, Styloid process, Mastoid process, Stylomastoid foramen, Internal acoustic meatus
Cranial vault
Superior, lateral, and posterior walls of the skull
8 cranial
The Cranial bones have how many bones?
14 facial
The Facial bones have how many bones?
downward, without
Thoracic Vertebrae: a Long spinal process oriented ___? with or without transverse foramen?
Primary curvatures
Thoracic, sacral present at birth
Olfactory foramina
What (are) the highlighted structure?
transverse foramen
What are the highlighted structures each called?
false ribs
What are the highlighted structures?
floating ribs
What are the highlighted structures?
true ribs
What are the highlighted structures?
Pituitary gland
What does the Sella Turcica protect?
atlas
What is another name for C1? (the______)
axis
What is another name for C2? (the______)
atlas
What is the highlighted bone?
axis
What is the highlighted bone?
ethmoid bone
What is the highlighted bone?
frontal bone
What is the highlighted bone?
hyoid bone
What is the highlighted bone?
lacrimal bone
What is the highlighted bone?
mandible
What is the highlighted bone?
maxilla
What is the highlighted bone?
nasal bone
What is the highlighted bone?
occipital bone
What is the highlighted bone?
palatine bone
What is the highlighted bone?
parietal bone
What is the highlighted bone?
sphenoid bone
What is the highlighted bone?
sternum
What is the highlighted bone?
temporal bone
What is the highlighted bone?
vomer
What is the highlighted bone?
zygomatic bone
What is the highlighted bone?
incisive foramen
What is the highlighted structure inside incisive fossa
hard palate (clarify indication)
What is the highlighted structure (composite)?
nasal septum
What is the highlighted structure (composite)?
orbit
What is the highlighted structure (composite)?
zygomatic arch
What is the highlighted structure (composite)?
dens
What is the highlighted structure called?
mental foramen
What is the highlighted structure/passageway?
infraorbital foramen;
What is the highlighted structure/passageway?;
cribriform plate
What is the highlighted structure?
foramen lacerum
What is the highlighted structure?
foramen ovale
What is the highlighted structure?
foramen rotundum
What is the highlighted structure?
inferior articular facet
What is the highlighted structure?
jugular foramen
What is the highlighted structure?
lambdoid suture
What is the highlighted structure?
mandibular condyle
What is the highlighted structure?
mandibular notch
What is the highlighted structure?
manubrium
What is the highlighted structure?
middle nasal concha
What is the highlighted structure?
orbital canal
What is the highlighted structure?
sella turcica
What is the highlighted structure?
squamous suture
What is the highlighted structure?
superior articular facet
What is the highlighted structure?
vertebral foramen
What is the highlighted structure?
xiphoid process
What is the highlighted structure?
crista galli
What is the highlighted structure? of ethmoid bone
inferior nasal concha
What is the highlighted structure? of ethmoid bone
perpendicular plate
What is the highlighted structure? of ethmoid bone
foramen magnum;
What is the highlighted structure? of occipital bone for spinal cord
greater wing
What is the highlighted structure? of sphenoid bone
lesser wing
What is the highlighted structure? of sphenoid bone
external auditory meatus
What is the highlighted structure? of temporal bone
internal acoustic meatus
What is the highlighted structure? of temporal bone
mastoid process
What is the highlighted structure? of temporal bone
styloid process
What is the highlighted structure? of temporal bone
stylomastoid foramen
What is the highlighted structure? of temporal bone
zygomatic process
What is the highlighted structure? of temporal bone
external occipital protuberance
What is the highlighted structure? of the occipital bone
occipital condyle
What is the highlighted structure? of the occipital bone
Supraorbital foramen
What is the highlighted structure? on frontal bone
coronal suture
What is the highlighted structure? on parietal bone
sagittal suture
What is the highlighted structure? on parietal bone
Glabella
What is the highlighted tructure? on frontal bone
frontal process
What is the highlighted/circled structure?
frontal process (clarify indication)
What is the highlighted/circled structure?
maxillary process
What is the highlighted/circled structure?
vertebral column
What is this structure?
Flat
What kind of bones are cranial bones?
body of mandible
What part of the bone is highlighted?
ramus of mandible
What part of the bone is highlighted?
coronoid process
What part of the bone is highlighted? of the mandible
body of the vertebra
What part of the bone is highlighted? (name bone as well: ______ of the ________)
lamina
What part of the thoracic vertebra is highlighted?
spinous process
What part of the thoracic vertebra is highlighted?
transverse process
What part of the thoracic vertebra is highlighted?
cervical
What type of vertebra is this?
lumbar
What type of vertebra is this?
thoracic
What type of vertebra is this?
8-12, vertebro-chondral ribs
Which ribs are false ribs? 8-10 is called
1-7, Vertebro-sternal ribs
Which ribs are true ribs? And are called?
cervical
Which type of vertebrae are highlighted?
lumbar
Which type of vertebrae are highlighted?
thoracic
Which type of vertebrae are highlighted?
cheekbone
Zygomatic bone form the portion of the face called the____ ?
Cranial floor
a. Anterior fossa b. Middle fossa c. Posterior fossa
Lumbar (description)
a. Massive body b. Short, thick, more horizontal spinous processes c. No rib facets d. No transverse foramina e. Superior and inferior articular processes present
Sacrum (description)
a. Medial sacral crest - remnant of spinous processes b. Alae - formed by fusion of transverse processes, articulate with hip bones c. Sacral foramina - passageway for blood vessels and nerves d. Sacral canal - continuation of the vertebral canal
carotid canal
external view
11-12
floating ribs are?
3-5
how many coccyx are fused together
12 (ribs)
how many ribs are there?
incisive fossa
in the maxilla
herniated disc
protrusion of the nucleus pulposus
Costal groove
rib
tubercle
rib
axial skeleton
skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage
mandibular fossa
what is the highlighted structure of temporal bone
