Basics Pharm

pregnancy category D

-possible fetal risk in humans is reported -consideration of potential benefit vs. risk may, in selected cases, warrant the use of these drugs in pregnant women

Which of the following clients is most likely to be predisposed to an adverse reaction to a medication? 1. a 5-year-old with an eye infection 2. a 20-year-old with a fracture 3. a 4-year-old with an upper respiratory infection 4. a 70-year-old woman with liver disease

4. a 70-year-old woman with liver disease (The 70-year-old woman has multiple factors that can predispose her to an adverse reaction, including age and liver disease) Critical Thinking text

When a health care provider is writing a prescription for a drug, her or she is not permitted to mark a refill on the prescription if the drug falls into which category? a. C-II b. C-III c. C-IV d. C-V

a. C-II workbook ch 4

A nurse working with older adult patients is concerned about the number of medications prescribed for each patient. Which older adult assessment should be of highest priority related to polypharmacy? a. Drug interactions b. Cost of medications c. Schedule of medications d. Nonadherence to drug regimen

a. Drug interactions Pharm ch 3

What information should the nurse chart when documenting medication administration? (Select all that apply.) a. The time of administration b. Information about an "incident report" in the patient's chart c. The patient's age d. The route of administration e. The dosage of medication administered

a. The time of administration d. The route of administration e. The dosage of medication administered Pharm ch 1

The nurse knows that which factors will affect the absorption of orally administered medications? (Select all that apply.) a. Time of day b. pH of the stomach c. Form of drug preparation d. Patient in high-Fowler's position e. Presence of food in the stomach

a. Time of day b. pH of the stomach c. Form of drug preparation e. Presence of food in the stomach Pharm ch 2

The nurse is attempting to administer the morning dose of the medication. The pt refuses the medication, stating, "It makes me sick to my stomach!" What is the nurse's responsibility? a. document the pt's refusal in the record b. discard the medication according to hospital policy c. disguise the medication in food d. offer the medication again in 30 min

a. document the pt's refusal in the record workbook ch 1

A nurse reviewing a client's medical record notes a new prescription for verifying the trough level of the client's medication. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. obtain a blood specimen immediately prior to administering the next dose of medication b. verify that the client has been taking the medication for 24 hr before obtaining a blood specimen c. ask the client to provide a urine specimen after the next dose of medication d. administer the medication, and obtain a blood specimen 30 min later

a. obtain a blood specimen immediately prior to administering the next dose of medication ATI

A nurse is preparing to administer medication to a client who has gout. The nurse discovers that an error was made during the previous shift and the client received atenolol instead of allopurinol. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? a. obtain the client's blood pressure b. contact the client's provider c. inform the charge nurse d. complete an incident report

a. obtain the client's blood pressure (atenolol = beta blocker) ATI

Drugs given by which route will be altered by the first-pass effect? (Select all that apply) a. oral b. sublingual c. subcutaneous d. intravenous e. rectal

a. oral e. rectal workbook ch 2

The nurse includes which information as part of a complete medication profile? (Select all that apply) a. use of "street" drugs b. current laboratory work c. history of surgeries d. use of alcohol e. use of herbal products f. family history

a. use of "street" drugs d. use of alcohol e. use of herbal products workbook ch 1

Which factor would have the greatest effect on medication response in the newborn? a. increased muscle mass b. immaturity of the organs c. increased protein binding d. less drugs enter the brain

b. immaturity of the organs workbook ch 3

A nurse is admitting a client and completing a preassessment before administering medications. Which of the following data should the nurse include in the preassessment? (Select all that apply) a. use of herbal teas b. daily fluid intake c. current health status d. previous surgical history e. food allergies

a. use of herbal teas c. current health status e. food allergies -herbal products often contain caffeine, which can affect medication biotransformation -new prescriptions can cause alterations in current health status -food allergies help the nurse identify any potential reactions or interactions ATI

pregnancy category C

adverse effects are reported in animal fetuses; information for humans is not available

A nurse orienting a newly licensed nurse is reviewing the procedure for taking a telephone prescription. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the newly licensed nurse understands the process? a. "A second nurse enters the prescription into the client's medical record." b. "Another nurse should listen to the phone call." c. "The provider can clarify the prescription when he signs the health record." d. "I should omit the 'read back' if this is a one-time prescription."

b. "Another nurse should listen to the phone call." ATI

To achieve the most rapid onset of action, the health care provider will prescribe the medication to be administered by which route? a. Intrathecally b. IV c. IM d. Subcut

b. IV Pharm ch 2

A nursing student is administering ampicillin PO. The expiration date on the medication wrapper was yesterday. What is the appropriate action for the nursing student to take next? a. Ask the nursing professor for advice b. Return the medication to pharmacy and get another tablet c. Call the health care provider after discussing this situation with the charge nurse d. Administer the medication since medications are good for 30 days after their expiration date

b. Return the medication to pharmacy and get another tablet Fund ch 32

The nurse knows that the medication reconciliation process involves which steps? (Select all that apply.) a. Reporting b. Verification c. Clarification d. Reconciliation e. Administration

b. Verification c. Clarification d. Reconciliation Pharm ch 5

The prochlorperazine rectal suppository is twice the strength of what has actually been ordered. What is the nurse's best action? a. cut the suppository in half b. call the physician for clarification c. administer another type of suppository d. instruct the pt to retain the suppository for only 5 min

b. call the physician for clarification workbook ch 9

Which medication is appropriately administered at the correct time? a. amoxicillin ordered at 0800 and given at 0700 b. cardizem ordered at 0900 and given at 0930 c. furosemide ordered at 0730 and given at 0825 d. synthyroid ordered at 1000 and given at 0915

b. cardizem ordered at 0900 and given at 0930 (standard of care is to give medications no more than 1/2 hr before or after the actual time specified in the prescriber's order - "1/2 hr before or after" rule) workbook ch 1

A nurse is preparing medications for a preschooler. Which of the following factors should the nurse identify as altering how a medication affects children? (Select all that apply) a. increased gastric acid production b. lower blood pressure c. higher body water content d. increased absorption of topical medications e. increased gastric emptying time

b. lower blood pressure c. higher body water content d. increased absorption of topical medications ATI

The nurse recognizes that drug dosages in older adults are based on which factor(s)? a. more on age than on height or weight b. on body weight and organ function c. on the total body water content d. on the strength of the drug

b. on body weight and organ function workbook ch 3

A nurse is preparing to administer a scheduled antibiotic at 0800 to a client and discovers the antibiotic is not present in the client's medication drawer. The nurse should identify that administration of the medication can occur at which of the following time periods without requiring an incident report? a. 1000 b. 0900 c. 0830 d. 1200

c. 0830 (standard of care is to give medications no more than 1/2 hr before or after the actual time specified in the prescriber's order - "1/2 hr before or after" rule) ATI

The physiologic changes that normally occur in older adult patients have which implication for drug response? a. Drug elimination is faster. b. Drug metabolism is quicker. c. Drug half-life is lengthened. d. Protein binding is more efficient.

c. Drug half-life is lengthened. Pharm ch 3

The nurse administers a medication to the wrong patient. Which is the appropriate nursing action following this error? a. Document the medication error. No further action is required. b. Report the error and document the medication on the patient chart. c. Notify the health care provider and document the error on an incident report. d. Assess the patient for an adverse reaction and report if an adverse event occurs.

c. Notify the health care provider and document the error on an incident report. Pharm ch 5

What is the ratio between a drug's therapeutic effects and toxic effects called? a. Affinity b. Tolerance c. Therapeutic index d. Cumulative effect

c. Therapeutic index Pharm ch 2

Which physiologic factor is most responsible for the differences in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behaviors of drugs in neonates and adults? a. infant's stature b. infant's smaller weight c. immaturity of neonatal organs d. adult's longer exposure to toxins

c. immaturity of neonatal organs workbook ch 3

A staff educator is reviewing medication dosages and factors that influence medication metabolism with a group of nurses at an in-service presentation. Which of the following factors should the educator include as a reason to administer lower medication dosages? (Select all that apply) a. increased renal excretion b. increased medication-metabolizing enzymes c. liver failure d. peripheral vascular disease e. concurrent use of medication the same pathway metabolizes

c. liver failure e. concurrent use of medication the same pathway metabolizes ATI

A nurse reviewing a client's health record notes a new prescription for lisinopril 10 mg PO once every day. The nurse should identify this as which of the following types of prescription? a. single b. stat c. routine d. standing

c. routine (a routine or standard prescription identifies medications to give on a regular schedule with or without a termination date or a specific number of doses - the nurse will administer this medication until the provider discontinues it) ATI

You are given a written order by a provider to administer an unusually large dose of pain medicine to your pt. In this situation, which of the following is an appropriate nursing action? a. administer the medication because it was ordered by a provider b. refuse to administer the medication and move on to another pt c. speak with the provider about your concerns, and clarify whether the medication dose is accurate d. select a dose that you feel comfortable with, and administer that dose

c. speak with the provider about your concerns, and clarify whether the medication dose is accurate Leadership and Management text

A nurse is teaching a client who is lactating about taking medications. Which of the following actions should the nurse recommend to minimize the entry of medication into breast milk? a. drink 8 oz milk with each dose of medication b. use medications that have an extended half-life c. take each dose right after breastfeeding d. pump breast milk and freeze it prior to feeding the newborn

c. take each dose right after breastfeeding ATI

A nurse accidently gives a patient the medications that were ordered for the patient's roommate. What is the nurse's first priority? a. Complete an occurrence report. b. Notify the health care provider. c. Inform the charge nurse of the error. d. Assess the patient for adverse effects.

d. Assess the patient for adverse effects. Fund ch 32

A nurse is reviewing a new prescription for ondansetron 4 mg PO PRN for nausea and vomiting for a client who has hyperemesis gravidarum. The nurse should clarify which of the following parts of the prescription with the provider? a. name b. dosage c. route d. frequency

d. frequency ATI

The nurse prepares to obtain a pt's blood sample from a central line for a drug level that is to be drawn just before that medication's next dose. What is the timing of this blood draw known as? a. half-life b. therapeutic level c. peak level d. trough level

d. trough level workbook ch 2

Order the following drug forms in order of speed of dissolution and absorption (1=fastest, 5=slowest): a. capsules b. enteric-coated tablets c. elixers d. powders e. orally disintegrating tablets

e, c, d, a, b 1. e. orally disintegrating tablets 2. c. elixers 3. d. powders 4. a. capsules 5. b. enteric-coated tablets workbook ch 2

pregnancy category X

fetal abnormalities are reported and positive evidence of fetal risk in humans is available from animal or human studies

The greatest risk for drug-induced developmental defects occurs during which trimester of pregnancy?

first trimester

pregnancy category B

studies indicate no risk to animal fetuses; information for humans is not available

pregnancy category A

studies indicate no risk to human fetus

drug half-life

the amount of time required for 50% of a drug to be removed by the body

low therapeutic index

the difference between a therapeutic dose and toxic dose is small