BIO 1 (Chpt 1)

Population

. A group of organisms of the same species that occupy the same environment is called a population

Primitive Cells Were Formed How Long Ago?

3.5 Billion Years Ago

Community

A biological community is an assemblage of populations of different species. The types of species found in a community are determined by the environment and by the interactions of species with each other

Population

A group of organisms of the same species that occupy the same environment.

What is a species?

A group of related organisms that share a distinctive form and set of attributes

Macromolecules

A polymer such as a polypeptide is formed of many molecules bonded together. Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are important macromolecules found in living organisms.

Ecosystem

A system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment

Tree of Life

Accounts for both vertical evolution and horizontal transfer.

The Unifying Characteristics of Living Organisms

All living organisms are made up of one or more cells. Only living organisms are complex. All living organisms reproduce by passing on specific genetic information to future generations. Only living organisms are capable of movement. Only living organisms (populations) are capable of evolving. Only living organisms require an input of energy to drive cellular activities. Only living organisms produce heat as a byproduct of chemical reactions. All living organisms grow by increasing cell size and/or cell number.

Organism

All living things can be called organisms. Biologists classify organisms as belonging to a particular species, which is a related group of organisms that share a distinctive form and set of attributes in nature. The members of the same species are closely related genetically

Organism

All living things. Organisms that belong to a specific species, which is a related group of organisms that share a distinctive form and set of attributes in nature.

What is a community?

An assemblage of populations of different species

Atoms

An atom is the smallest unit of an element that has the chemical properties of the element. All matter is composed of atoms.Molecules and macromolecules. As discussed in Unit I, atoms bond with each other to form molecules.

3 Domains Of Life

Archea Bacteria And Eukarya

Community

Assemblage of populations of different species. The types of species found in a community are determined by the environment and by the interactions of species with each other.

Arrange the levels of biological organization according to size, from the smallest (at the top) to the largest (at the bottom).

Atom, Molecule, Macromolecule, Cell, Tissue and Organ.

Molecules are formed by the bonding together of:

Atoms

Molecules and Macromolecules

Atoms bond with each other to form molecules.

Successive changes in a series of ancestors called a lineage are the

Basis of a mechanism of evolution called vertical evolution (accumulations Of mutation).

Diversity Of Life Forms That Exist On Earth Os Due To

Biological Diversity

Horizontal Gene Transfer

Can Occur Between Members Of A Different Species Also Builds Resistance Amongst Bacteria.

What is the smallest unit of life?

Cell

Natural selection

Changes in frequency of beneficial mutations over generations is

What are emergent properties?

Characteristics that arise through interactions among smaller components in an organism

Proteome

Complete protein composition of a cell of organism . Genomics . DNA sequences. Evolution.

Biosphere

Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere.

All living organisms contain genetic material that is composed of

DNA

DKPCOFGS

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

In order to maintain an organized body structure, all organisms need an input of which of the following?

Energy

What Materialistic Of Living Organisms Explains Unity And Diversity Of All Living Things?

Evolution

What characteristic of living organisms explains both the unity and diversity of modern species?

Evolution

5 Core Concepts of Biology

Evolution Ex. The long snout of an anteater is an adaptation that enhances its ability to obtain food from hard-to-reach places. Structure and Function Ex. Aquatic birds have webbed feet that can be used as paddles for swimming, while the feet of non-aquatic birds are not webbed and are better suited for grasping food and running along the ground. Information Ex. Genetic material composed of DNA provides a blueprint for the organization, development, and function of living organisms. Energy and Matter Ex. Sunflower plants carry out photosynthesis in which they capture light and acquire CO2 and water, thereby allowing them to make carbohydrates. Systems Ex. Human vision is an emergent property of a complex arrangement of different cell types found in the eye and brain.

One of the principles exhibited by all forms of life is that structure determines ______, which applies to small molecules, macromolecules, and multicellular tissues and features.

Function

Eukarya was first divided into Kingdoms:

Fungi, Plantae, Animalia And Protista.

Random changes in the genetic material of an organism is called

Genes

Genome

Genetic Composition Of An Organism

Vertical gene transfer

Genetic material transferred in a vertical manner from mother cells to daughter cells via gametes.

Web of life

Horizontal gene transfer , Vertical Descent

Organs

In complex multicellular organisms, an organ is composed of two or more types of tissue. For example, the heart is composed of several types of tissue including muscle, nervous and connective tissue.

Organs

In complex multicellular organisms, an organ is composed of two or more types of tissue. For example, the heart is composed of several types of tissues, including muscle, nervous, and connective tissue

Tissues

In multicellular organisms, many cells of the same type associate with each other to form tissues.

Tissues

In multicellular organisms, many cells of the same type associate with each other to form tissues. An example is muscle tissue.

Which of the following are the five core concepts of biology?

Information Structure and function Energy and matter Evolution Systems

Verification Evolution

Involves a progression of changes in a series of ancestors (lineage), It is refereed to as vertical evolution

What determines the function of a biological molecule?

Its structure

One or more polypeptides Compose Molecules Called proteins which play a role in

Many traits of organisms

In vertical evolution, new species evolve from pre-existing species by accumulation of _____, which are changes in the genetic message.

Mutations

Consider a mutation that alters an organism's traits so that it increases the likelihood of survival and reproduction of the organism. Such a mutation may become more common in the population over time due to a process called

Natural Selection

Scientific Method For Biology Order

Observation Hypothesis Data Experiment Conclusion

Organism of Living Animals

Organ, Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem and Biosphere

The first living organisms on Earth were

Primitive Cells

DNA is first transcribed into

RNA then Into A Polypeptide.

Ecosystem

Researchers may extend their work beyond living organisms and also study the physical environment. Ecologists analyze ecosystems, which are formed by interactions of a community of organisms with their physical environment.

lineage

Series of ancestors

Atoms

Smallest unit of an element that has the chemical properties of the element. All matter is composed of atoms.

Functions Of A Genome

Storage of Information, Providing Continuity Within Generations, Evolutionary Change.

Biological Molecule Function Is Its

Structure

A mutation that increases and organisms choice of

Survival and reproduction

Biosphere

The biosphere includes all of the places on the Earth where living organisms exist. Life is found in the air, in bodies of water, on the land, and in the soil.

EVOLUTION

The diversity of life evolved overtime by process of mutation, natural selection and genetic exchange.

PATHWAYS AND TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY AND MATTER

The growth and behavior of organisms are activated through the expression of genetic information.

Cells.

The simplest unit of life is the cell, which we will examine in Unit II. A cell is surrounded by a membrane and contains a variety of molecules and macromolecules. Unicellular organisms are composed of one cell, whereas multicellular organisms, such as plants and animals, contain many cells

Cells

The simplest unit of life. A cell is surrounded by a membrane and contains a variety of molecules and macromolecules. Unicellular organisms are composed of one cell, whereas multicellular organisms such as plants and humans contain many cells.

The fact that all forms of life display a common set of characteristics describes the ______ of life.

Unity

Both ______ seen among modern species are explained by biological evolution.

Unity and Diversity

When evolution involves a progression of changes in a series of ancestors called a lineage, it is referred to as ______ evolution.

Vertical

Vertical Descent with Mutation

Vertical Descent refers to reproduction: parents → offspring → parents → offspring Mutation: any change in the sequence of DNA nucleotides. paired With Horizontal Gene Transfer.

The Two mechanisms that lead to evolutionary change are

Vertical Descent with Modification/Mutation and Horizontal Gene Transfer.

Successive changes in a series of ancestors called a lineage are the basis of a mechanism of evolution called

Vertical Evolutiom

How do new species evolve from pre-existing species in the mechanism known as vertical evolution?

Via accumulation of mutations

Horizontal gene transfer

When an organism acquired into from another organism without being the offspring of that organism.

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

basic units of structure define the function of all living things

Genomics

discipline in which entire DNA sequence of organisms if studied and helps us understand how it's evolved.

The unity of common traits is rooted in the phenomenon of

evolution from pre-existing ancestors.

What is biological evolution?

gene changes in populations over many generations

A mutation may accumulate in a population if it ______ an organism's chances of survival and reproduction.

increases

SYSTEMS

living systems are interconnected and interacting

Changes that occur as a result of evolution often involve the

modification of pre-existing structures for a new function.

A group of organisms of the same species that occupy the same environment is called a(n)

population

INFORMATION FLOW, EXCHANGE, STORAGE

the growth and behavior of organisms are activated through the expression of genetic information

The diversity of life forms that exist on Earth is due to

the large variety of environments found on Earth.

The two mechanisms that lead to evolutionary change are _____ descent with modification/mutation and ____ gene transfer.

vertical horizontal