Bio 101 Chapter 1
Solution 1 has a Ph of 6.4, Solution 2 has a ph of 8.1, Solution 3 has a pH of 4.8. Which solution has the highest concentration of Hydrogen ions (H+)?
Solution 3
Monosaccharides
glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharide
lactose, maltose, sucrose
Amylase is The enzyme needed to digest
starch
Polysaccharides
starch, glycogen, cellulose
Carbohydrate molecules consist of what three types of atoms
oxygen, hydrogen, carbon
Ionic Bonds
transfer of electrons
The difference between the structure of saturated fats and unsaturated fats is that
unsaturated fats contain one or more double bonds between their carbon atoms
Emulsifiers have a polar end and a non-polar end which helps them to disperse lipids in and other polar liquids
water
Buffers are mixture containing a acid and a base.
weak; weak
covalent bond
A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons
Reactant
A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction
What is a monomer?
A small repeating molecular unit in a polymer chain
Treatments for Peptic Ulcers
Antacids, Antibiotics, medications that decrease partial cell production of HCI
Triglycerides
Are lipids that consist of three long fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule
Emulsifier
Are molecules with a polar end and a non polar end
What's used to investigate whether a food has sugar in it
Benedict's reagent
Amylases
Breaks of start high into sugars
A polymer is a molecule that
Consist of a long chain of repeating subunits
examples of proteins
Enzymes, antibodies and structural molecules
The components of lipids that consist of long chains of carbon and hydrogen arecalled
Fatty acids
Excess stomach acid, or , can be neutralized by anatcids that contain a .
HCI; weak base
Lipids
In organic molecule that insoluble in water and has a variety of functions. Lipids do not dissolve in polar solvents (Oil doesn't dissolve in water) Lipids will dissolve in non-polar solvents (such as benzene and chloroform) Main types of lipids: triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids (cholesterol, estrogen testosterone), waxes pigments some type of vitamins
What's used to investigate whether a food has starch in it
Iodine
Molecule that's completely insoluble in water
Lipids
Ph
Measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution
Building blocks of glycogen
Monosaccharides
What's used to investigate if fats or oils are in it
Paper
How does the stomach lining protect itself from stomach acid (HCI) and digestive enzymes?
Protection of Alkaline mucus, High cell turnover
Which cell building molecules is made by linking amino acids together
Proteins
Types of molecules categorized as the building blocks of cells
Proteins, carbohydrates and lipids
As more and more base is added to a solution to make it more basic, what is happening to the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) and the ph value of the solution?
The Ph is increasing, the H+ is decreasing
Products
The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction.
Iodine test for starch
The iodine test is a yellow liquid if iodine has negative reaction it remains yellow A positive reaction for starch with iodine is indicated by the production of a purple to black color
How does a solution that is acidic compare to a solution that is neutral?
The ph is lower in the acidic solution
Biuret Reagant Test
To detect proteins A positive reaction for proteins is indicated by the production of a purple color A negative reaction is no change of color
When a glycerol molecule is chemically bonded to three fatty acids, it becomes a specific type of lipid called an
Triglyceride
When a strong acid is added to a buffer, H+ from the strong acid will bind to the of the buffer, forming a that minimizes the pH drop
Weak base; weak acid
Determined when using phenol red
Whether a solution is acidic or basic; when a solution changes from acidic to basic, vice versa
Building blocks of proteins
amino acids
Starch is the best classified as a
carbohydrate
Examples of monomers
monosaccharides, amino acids, glycerol and fatty acids
cations and anions
positive and negative
Ions
positively and negatively charged atoms
