BIO 101 Quiz 2 Chapter 3

Evidence supports a similar process for the origin of the energy organelles, the ____ that carry out photosynthesis and the ____that carry out cellular respiration.

chloroplasts mitochondria

According to endosymbiotic theory, organelles specific to plants called ____, probably evolved from cyanobacterial ancestors.

chloroplasts or chloroplast

Chromatin, which consists of DNA and associated proteins, undergoes coiling and condenses during cell division to form ____.

chromosomes

The semifluid medium within a cell is called the ______.

cytoplasm

Cytoskeletal filaments that are larger than actin filaments but smaller than microtubules are called ____ filaments.

intermediate

The small structures within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that perform specific functions are called _____.

organelles

Which protein forms microtubules in the cell? Actin Tubulin Myosin ATP Keratin

Tubulin

Which of these organelles contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell? Nucleoid Nucleus Nucleoplasm Plasmid Nucleolus

Nucleus

True or false: Plant cells do not have centrosomes.

false

In a bacterial cell, the chromosome is located in a region called the ______. nucleoid nuclei nucleolus nucleus

nucleoid

A darkly staining region that may appear within the nucleus on an electron micrograph is called a(n) ______. This is the location of rRNA production. nucleoid nucleolus chromatin

nucleolus

The semifluid material enclosed by the nuclear envelope is called nucleoid. nucleoplasm. cytoplasm. protoplasm

nucleoplasm.

According to the endosymbiotic theory, ____ were/was originally photosynthetic bacteria a. ribosomes b. chloroplasts c. mitochondria d. the nucleus

b. chloroplasts

The internal framework of the cell, which consists of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments is collectively referred as the ___.

cytoskeleton

The endosymbiotic theory explains the origins of which of the following components of a eukaryotic cell a. mitochondria b. chloroplasts c. internal membranes d. all of these are correct

d. all of these are correct

The combination of DNA and protein in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is called a. nucleoplasm b. plasmids c. nucleoids d. chromatin

d. chromatin

The __ is involved in the movement of a prokaryotic cell a. fimbriae b. capsule c. nucleoid d. flagella

d. flagella

Which of the following would not be found in a prokaryotic cell a. chloroplast b. DNA c. nucleoid d. nucleus

d. nucleus

Eukaryotic cells contain a. a nucleus b. DNA c. a plasma membrane d. mitochondria e. all of these are correct

e. all of these are correct

The nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum are components of the endomembrane system. cytoskeleton. mitochondrion nucleolus.

endomembrane system.

Tay-Sachs is often referred to as a lysosomal storage disorder because it prevents the function of lysosomal ___ , such as beta-hexosaminidase.

enzyme

Select all of these that are components of the cytoplasm. water salts dissolved organic molecules phospholipids DNA

water salts dissolved organic molecules

One meter is equal to how many centimeters (cm)? 1/10 100 10 1000

100

One millimeter (mm) is equal to how many micrometers (μm)? 100 10 1/10 1000

1000

Mitochondria use carbohydrates to produce: solar energy oxygen ATP carbohydrates

ATP

The molecule produced by cellular respiration that is used to fuel energy dependent cellular reactions is ____.

ATP

Which molecule is used to fuel all energy dependent cellular processes? ATP Protein Water Cytoplasm UV light

ATP

Which two statements are part of the cell theory? All cells come from pre-existing cells. All infectious diseases are caused by specific organisms. Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. All organisms are made up of cells.

All cells come from pre-existing cells. All organisms are made up of cells.

Cells in which two domains lack a membrane-bound nucleus? Eukarya Archaea Eubacteria

Archaea and Eubacteria

Functions of the lysosome include: (Mark all that apply) Intracellular digestion Modification and routing of proteins made in the rough ER Autodigestion Protein synthesis Storage of water

Autodigestion Intracellular digestion

Which two statements are part of the cell theory? A. All infectious diseases are caused by specific organisms. B. All organisms are made up of cells. C. Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. D. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

B and D

What is the the function of chlorophyll? Capture solar energy Convert oxygen into carbon dioxide Produce ATP Produce solar energy Convert oxygen into water

Capture solar energy

Which theory states that all organisms are made up of cells that are capable of self-reproduction and come only from preexisting living cells? Atomic theory Cell theory Abiogenesis theory Germ theory

Cell theory

From which part of a eukaryotic cell do microtubules radiate? Flagellum Nucleus Centrosome Mitochondrion

Centrosome

Which of these materials are found in the cell walls of fungi? Peptidoglycan Chitin Phospholipid

Chitin

Which of these is a pigment located within the thylakoid membrane that functions to capture solar energy? Nucleoplasm Matrix Chlorophyll Stroma Cytoplasm

Chlorophyll

The process of photosynthesis occurs within organelles called ____.

Chloroplasts

Select the following which relate to the role of microtubules in a eukaryotic cell. (Mark all that apply) Cell contraction Cilia and flagella Cell shape Organelle movement

Cilia and flagella Cell shape Organelle movement

Which of these cells have a membrane bound nucleus? Eukaryotes only Neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes Prokaryotes only

Eukaryotes only

True or false: Peptidoglycan is a structural component of the cell walls of bacteria, archaeans, and eukaryotes. True False

False

True or false: The main characteristic that distinguishes a eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic cell is a cell wall. True False

False

Which of the following are functions of intermediate filaments? (Mark all that apply) Formation of cell-to-cell junctions Formation of pseudopods for movement Support the nuclear envelope Support the plasma membrane

Formation of cell-to-cell junctions Support the nuclear envelope Support the plasma membrane

Which organelle receives proteins and lipid-filled vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum and then repackages them for export in secretory vesicles? Nucleolus Golgi apparatus Nucleus Lysosome

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following are functions of the cytoskeleton? (Mark all that apply) Aids in cell division Cellular structural support Intracellular transport Stores water and nutrients

Intracellular transport Aids in cell division Cellular structural support

A protistan engulfs a macromolecule via a vesicle. Which organelle could fuse to this vesicle and aid in breaking down this molecule? Lysosome Vacuole Smooth ER Ribosome

Lysosome

Which organelle is formed in the Golgi apparatus? Lysosome Mitochondrion Nucleolus Nucleus Chloroplast

Lysosome

Which of the following are components of the cytoskeleton? (Mark all that apply) Secretory vesicles Microtubules Intermediate filaments Actin filaments Myosin filaments

Microtubules Intermediate filaments Actin filaments

Bacterial cell walls contain which complex molecule composed of carbohydrate chains connected by peptides? Cellulose Chitin Phospholipid Peptidoglycan

Peptidoglycan

Bacterial cell walls contain which complex molecule composed of carbohydrate chains connected by peptides? Chitin Peptidoglycan Phospholipid Cellulose

Peptidoglycan

Liver and kidney cells filter and destroy many toxins. As a result they contain high numbers of which type of organelle? Peroxisomes Lysosomes

Peroxisomes

Which cellular process occurs within chloroplasts? Cellular respiration Digestion Photosynthesis Meiosis Mitosis

Photosynthesis

What is the main function of the bacterial cell wall? Synthesis Excretion Reproduction Protection

Protection

Which organelle is assembled in the nucleolus of the nucleus? Mitochondrion Chloroplast Ribosome Chromosome

Ribosome

Which of the following are components of the endomembrane system? (Mark all that apply) The nuclear envelope Endoplasmic reticulum Chloroplasts Vesicles Mitochondria Golgi apparatus Centriole

The nuclear envelope Endoplasmic reticulum Vesicles Golgi apparatus

True or false: Both plant and animal cells contain organelles. True False

True

True or false: Lysosomes and peroxisomes are structurally similar, but differ according to the enzymes that they contain. True False

True

This component of the cytoskeleton is located just under the plasma membrane of the eukaryotic cell a. actin filaments b. microtubules c. centrosomes d. intermediate filaments

a. actin filaments

As the size of the cell decreases, the ratio of its surface area to volume a. increases b. decreases c. stays the same

a. increases

Formerly called microfilaments, ____ filaments are long, very thin flexible fibers that account for the formation of pseudopods (false feet) used by some cells in order to move in an amoeboid fashion.

actin

This organelle acts as a digestive organelle and may also be used to recycle the internal components of a cell a. ribosome b. lysosome c. peroxisome d. golgi apparatus

b. lysosome

centrosomes and centrioles act as organizing centers for which component of the cytoskeleton a. actin filaments b. microtubules c. intermediate filaments d. all of these are correct

b. microtubules

Select all of the correct statements about bacterial chromosomes. bacteria typically have only one chromosome bacterial chromosomes are composed of DNA, RNA, and proteins bacterial chromosomes are surrounded by a protective membrane some bacteria have a plasmid instead of a chromosome bacterial chromosomes are located in the nucleoid region of the cell

bacteria typically have only one chromosome bacterial chromosomes are located in the nucleoid region of the cell

Select all examples of cells that are prokaryotic. fungal cell bacterial cell archaeal cell animal cell plant cell

bacterial cell archaeal cell

The mitochondria of a eukaryotic cell is the site of a. photosynthesis b. fatty acid metabolism c. cellular respiration d. protein synthesis

c. cellular respiration

This organelle acts as a processing center for vesicles leaving the endoplasmic reticulum a. peroxisome b. ribosome c. golgi apparatus d. nucleolus

c. golgi apparatus

Small circular pieces of DNA that are found in the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell are called a. capsules b. nucleoids c. plasmids d. ribosomes

c. plasmids

The Cell Theory States: a. cells form as organelles and molecules become grouped together in an organized manner b. the normal functioning of an organism does not depend on its individual cells c. the cell is the basic unit of life d. only eukaryotic organisms are made of cells

c. the cell is the basic unit of life

Chloroplasts use solar energy to synthesize _______ during a process called photosynthesis. water ATP carbohydrates carbon dioxide

carbohydrates

The basic unit of living organisms, which can carry out all of the necessary functions of life is the ______

cell

The smallest structure capable of performing all the basic functions of life is the atom. organelle. cell. molecule.

cell.

The material that is common to the cell walls of plants and algae is called _____.

cellulose

The main microtubule organizing center for a eukaryotic cell that lies near the nucleus is called the ____.

centrosome or centrosomes

Some bacteria have long, thin appendages that rotate like propellers, allowing the bacterial cell to move in fluid. These appendages are called ______.

flagellum

Match the following extracellular structures of bacteria with the correct description: Capsule gelatinous sheath that surrounds and protects the cell short appendages used for attachment long thin appendages used for locomotion

gelatinous sheath that surrounds and protects the cell

___ are the organelles that function in intracellular digestion.

lysosomes

Match the following extracellular structures of bacteria with the correct description: flagella gelatinous sheath that surrounds and protects the cell short appendages used for attachment long thin appendages used for locomotion

long thin appendages used for locomotion

A vesicle that contains hydrolytic digestive enzymes is called a ___.

lysosomes

Due to a mutation in the HEXA gene, a substance called GM2, normally present in the tissues and nerve cells of the brain, accumulates there. This mutation mainly effects enzymes associated with which organelle in an affected individuals' cells? nucleus endoplasmic reticulum plasma membrane lysosomes

lysosomes

All cells, except prokaryotes, covert carbohydrate energy to ATP within an organelle called the _____.

mitochondria

In a eukaryotic cell, within which organelle does cellular respiration occur? ribosome chloroplast nucleus mitochondria

mitochondria (only mitochondria is found in animal cells but both chloroplast and mitochondria show up in plant cells)

Molecules that can attach, detach, and reattach to actin filaments to produce movement are called: flagella motor molecules centrosomes pseudopods cilia

motor molecules

The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in eukaryotic cells and is connected to the endoplasmic reticulum is called the: plasma membrane nuclear envelope nucleolus endoplasmic reticulum thylakoid

nuclear envelope

The organelle that contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell is called the _____.

nucleus

Chromatin consists of DNA and associated: proteins lipids carbohydrates

proteins

The rough ER differs from the smooth ER in that it is covered with: mitochondria microtubules chromatin ribosomes

ribosomes

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with: ribosomes vacuoles nucleoli proteins

ribosomes

The release of cellular products from a cell is called: phagocytosis endocytosis secretion respiration invagination

secretion

The action known as ____ , or exocytosis, involves the release of materials from the cell via vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

secretion, secretions, or cellular secretion

Match the following extracellular structures of bacteria with the correct description: fimbriae gelatinous sheath that surrounds and protects the cell short appendages used for attachment long thin appendages used for locomotion

short appendages used for attachment

The fluid-filled space inside a chloroplast is called the stroma. granum. matrix. thylakoid.

stroma.

Chloroplasts contain numerous structures called grana, each of which is a stack of stroma. mitochondria. ribosomes. thylakoids.

thylakoids.

The nucleoplasm has a different fluid composition than the cytoplasm of a cell. false true

true