BIO 112 exam 2

Adaptive radiations can be a direct consequence of four of the following five factors. Select the exception. A) Vacant ecological niches B) Genetic drift C) Colonization of an isolated region that contains suitable habitat and few competitor species D) Evolutionary innovation E) An adaptive radiation in a group of organisms (such as plants) that another group uses as food

B) Genetic drift

Both ancestral birds and ancestral mammals shared a common ancestor that was a terrestrial vertebrate. Today, penguins (which are birds) and seals (which are mammals) have forelimbs adapted for swimming. What term best describes the relationship of the bones in the forelimbs of penguins and seals, and what term best describes the flippers of penguins and seals? A) Homology; homology B) Homoplasy; homology C) Homology; homoplasy D) Homoplasy; homoplasy

C) Homology; homoplasy **think homology is common ancestor and homoplasy is the environment

Upon formation, oceanic islands, such as the Hawaiian Islands, should feature what characteristic, leading to which phenomenon? A. Mass extinctions, leading to bottleneck effect B. Major evolutionary innovations, leading to rafting to nearby continents C. A variety of empty ecological niches, leading to adaptive radiation D. Adaptive radiation, leading to founder effect

C. A variety of empty ecological niches, leading to adaptive radiation

Which species concept uses reproductive isolation as the primary criterion for identifying species? A. morphological species concept B. phylogenetic species concept C. biological species concept D. all of the above

C. biological species concept

What does the biological species concept use as the primary criterion for determining species boundaries? a. Gene Flow b. Niche differences c. Morphological similiarity d. Geographic isolation

a. Gene Flow

Which of the following is an example of prezygotic reproductive isolation? a. Two bird species live in the same area and, though similar in plumage, engage in dramatically different courtship dances. b. Members of two species mate when kept together in captivity. c. Two beetle morphologies can be distinguished, but they are capable of interbreeding in areas where both morphologies are found. d. Two frog species meet and mate with each other, but the hybrid offspring are infertile.

a. Two bird species live in the same area and, though similar in plumage, engage in dramatically different courtship dances.

Some beetles and flies have antler-like structures on their heads, much like male deer do. The existence of antlers in beetle, fly, and deer species with strong male-male competition is an example of _____ a. convergent evolution b. parsimony c. homology d. none of the above

a. convergent evolution

A species is a group of individual organisms that interbreed and produce fertile, viable offspring. a. true b. false

a. true

The streamlined body shape of many marine organisms is an example of convergent evolution (homoplasy). a. true b. false

a. true

Which of the following best characterizes an adaptive radiation? a. Descendent species occupy a large geographic area. b. A single lineage diversifies rapidly, and descendant species occupy many habitats and ecological roles. c. Natural selection is particularly intense, because disruptive selection occurs. d. Species recover after a mass extinction.

b. A single lineage diversifies rapidly, and descendant species occupy many habitats and ecological roles.

Which situation would most likely lead to allopatric speciation? a. A storm causes several large trees to fall down. b. Flood causes the formation of a new lake. c. A mutation causes a new trait to develop. d. An injury causes an organism to seek out a new food source.

b. Flood causes the formation of a new lake

Which of the following is an example of dispersal? a. A river that fragments a population of rabbits. b. Humming birds flying from the mainland to nest on an island. c. A road that separates one group of deer into two. d. A mountain range that prevents snakes from moving from one side of the mountains to the other.

b. Humming birds flying from the mainland to nest on an island.

A postzygotic barrier is a mechanism that blocks reproduction from happening while a prezygotic barrier is a mechanisms that occurs after zygote formation a. true b. false

b. false

Which of the following groups could be identified using the biological species concept? a. extinct dinosaurs b. maple trees c. bacteria d. polar bears

b. maple trees d. polar bears

Three populations of crickets look very similar, but the males have courtship songs that sound different. What function would this difference in song likely serve if the populations came in contact? a. A temporal reproductive isolating mechanism b. A postzygotic isolating mechanism c. A behavioral reproductive isolating mechanism d. A gametic reproductive isolating mechanism

c. A behavioral reproductive isolating mechanism

Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution? a. hair in humans and mice b. sharp teeth in dogs and wolves c. the wings of a bat and insect d. the ability of mammals to produce milk

c. the wings of a bat and insect

Which of the following is an example of vicariance? a. Birds flying to new habitat. b. Lizards riding a log to a new island. c. Whales migrating from the equator towards the south pole. d. A river dividing one group of squirrels into two.

d. A river dividing one group of squirrels into two.

Which statement represents the best explanation for the observation that the nuclear DNA of wolves and domestic dogs has a very high degree of sequence homology? Dogs and wolves ________. a. have very similar morphologies b. belong to the same order c. are both members of the order Carnivora d. share a very recent common ancestor

d. share a very recent common ancestor