BIO 131 Lymphatic and Immune Systems

The primary response will peak how many days after an exposure? 1 day or less 2-7 10-17 20-30 over a month

10-17

In the image, what is comprised of white and red pulp? A B C D None of the choices is correct.

C. Spleen

In the image, these are the bronchomediastinal trunks. A and F B and G C and H D and I E and J

D and I

Which type of antibody responds most strongly during the secondary response? IgA IgG IgM IgE

IgG

This can only become activated when bound to a foreign antigen bound to a MHC-complex. B cell T cell dendritic cells natural killer cells antigen presenting cell

T cell

What initiates T cell activation? -T cell activation begins when the T cell differentiates into effector cells and memory cells. -T cell activation begins with a dendritic cell processing and displaying antigen fragments on its MHC molecules. -T cell activation begins when a T cell is ingested by a macrophage. -T cell activation begins with the interaction of the T cell with other molecules on the cells called co-stimulators.

T cell activation begins with a dendritic cell processing and displaying antigen fragments on its MHC molecules

A patient suffering from lung cancer can be given Avastin as treatment. The doctor states that the drug is a monoclonal antibody. This means that the drug mixture of different types of antibodies a mixture of different types of antigens a single type of antibody a single type of antigen There is not enough information given to determine an answer.

a single type of antibody

Defense of the body against a particular pathogen is provided by adaptive immunity. fever. skin defenses. immunological surveillance. innate immunity.

adaptive immunity

This class of cells includes macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells antigen presenting cells primary lymphocytes T cells RBC epitope cells

antigen presenting cells

An inflammatory response is triggered when basophils cells release histamine. red blood cells release pyrogens. blood flow to an area decreases. T cells release interferon. neutrophils phagocytize bacteria.

basophils cells release histamine

Which of the following is a way that a cytotoxic T cell can deliver a "lethal hit?" by releasing granzymes that trigger cell fragmentation by making antibodies specific to the invader by stimulating a systemic fever by releasing immunoglobulin M by cloning plasma cells

by releasing granzymes that trigger cell fragmentation

Which of the following is associated with the specific defenses of the body? phagocytosis the inflammatory response cell-mediated immunity the complement system interferons

cell-medicated immunity

When a specific antigen invades the body, lymphocytes that encounter the antigen will divide and differentiate in response through a process termed antigen processing positive selection negative selection clonal selection antigen presentation

clonal selection

Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation? pain cold redness swelling

cold

These anti-microbial substances promote cytolysis, phagocytosis and inflammation. transferrins perforins complement proteins defensins interferons

complement proteins

Surface barriers, such as cutaneous and mucous membranes, serve the immune system as the first line of defense. third line of defense. second line of defense. fourth line of defense.

first line of defense

These display CD 4 in their membrane and are associated with MHC molecules. cytotoxic T cells helper T cells memory T cells MHC B cells

helper T cells

Which class of immunoglobulin forms the plasma antibodies responsible for the agglutination and lysis response to incompatible blood transfusions? IgG antibodies IgA antibodies IgM antibodies IgE antibodies IgD antibodies

igM antibodies

Mary's mosquito bite is red, warm, and swollen, indicating she is experiencing the effects of inflammation. tumor necrosis factor (TNF). interferons. interleukins.

inflammation

Interferons bind to viruses and destroy them. prevent viruses from entering a cell. interfere with viral replication. reduce macrophage chemotaxis to the infection. prevent viruses from leaving a cell.

interfere with viral replication

Which is the action of histamine? increases rate of metabolism releases digestive enzymes that destroy the injured cells and then attacks the surrounding tissues interferes with viral replication inside the cell enhances phagocytosis makes capillaries more permeable and speeds up blood flow through the area of damaged tissue

makes capillaries more permeable and speeds up blood flow through the area of damaged tissue

Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ________ immunity. naturally acquired passive artificially acquired passive innate naturally acquired active artificially acquired active

naturally acquired active

Innate immune system defenses include ________. T cells B cells Antibodies phagocytosis

phagocytosis

Activated B cells differentiate into effector cells and memory T cells. plasma cells and effector cells. antibodies and memory B cells. plasma cells and memory B cells.

plasma cells and memory B cells

All of the following are characteristics of adaptive defenses except specificity. tolerance. memory. present at birth.

present at birth

In antigen _______, antigenic proteins are broken down into peptide fragments that then form antigen-MHC molecules. The insertion of the antigen-MHC complex into the plasma membrane is called antigen _______. presentation; processing processing; presentation adherence; complex formation; antibody

processing; presentation

Which of the following is a function of the spleen? removes worn out blood cells circulates lymph cleanses interstitial fluid cleanses lymph traps microbes with mucus

removes worn out blood cells

Lymphocytes decrease in number during infection. are primarily found in red bone marrow. are actively phagocytic. respond to antigens. destroy red blood cells.

respond to antigens

Which of the following is NOT a means for the complement system to destroy microbes? by the membrane attack complex through cytolysis opsonization to enhance phagocytosis by stimulating fever which destroys microbes

stimulating fever which destroys microbes

How is the complement system activated? they become activated only when split by enzymes into active fragments when the first microbe is phagocytized through thymic stimulation when mast cells release histamine

they become activated only when split by enzymes into active fragments

Besides cells infected by microbes, which other types of cells do cytotoxic T cells attack? tumor cells transplanted cells inactive memory cells tumor cells and transplanted cells

tumor cells and transplanted cells