Bio 2

For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ NADH + H+ are produced by the citric acid cycle.

6

Howard anaerobic conditions affect the rate of electron transport and ATP production during oxidative phosphorylation

Both electron transfer an ATP synthesis would stop

Which of the following is a product of pyruvate oxidation

CO2

The products of glucose metabolism using fermentation and anaerobic conditions from yeast are

CO2, ethanol, ATP, and NAD+

Some enzymes require ___ which are non-protein molecules that activate enzyme activity

Cofactor

The synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation is an example of which of the following processes

Coupling of an endergonic

Where do fermentation reactions take place in a eukaryotic cell

Cytosol

Which of the following statements best describes enzyme function

Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy barrier

Which of these is not a product of glycoslysis

FADH2

In which reactions of cellular respiration does substrate level phosphorylation occur

In glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Which of the following statements best describes the primary role played by oxygen in cellular respiration

It serves as the final acceptor...

The proximate (immediate) source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is

Kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down there concentration gradient

The products of glucose metabolism using fermentation and anaerobic conditions from animals are

Lactate, ATP, NAD+

Enzymes are important in biological reactions because they

Lower the activation energy barrier of a reaction

Where are the protein complexes of the electron transport chain located

Mitochondrial inner membrane

Where is the proton motive force located (where is a high concentration of H+)

Mitochondrial inter-membrane space

Energy released from the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ ions into which location of eukaryotic cells

Mitochondrial intermembrane space

Depletion of which of the following molecules from the mitochondria for most directly inhibit the citric acid cycle

NAD+

Which of the following statements best describes a characteristic of NAD+

NAD+ is reduced to NADH in glycolysis pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle

What is the role of oxygen in oxidative phosphorylation

O2 is the final electron except or to form H20 to allow the flow of electrons through the ETC

For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ acetyl CoA enter the citric acid cycle.

2

How many NADH are produced by glycolysis

2

In glycolysis there is a net gain of __ ATP

2

Which of the following are the products of glycolysis from one molecule of glucose

2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate

Glycolysis results and then that production of which of the following sets of molecules per glucose molecule

2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP

NAD+ becomes reduced during glycolysis to become NADH by bonding to

2 electrons and 1 proton

In general, enzymes are what kinds of molecules?

proteins

As a result of its involvement in a reaction, an enzyme

Is unchanged

Which of the following statements best describes the electron transport chain

It consists of a series of redox reactions

Which of the following statements describing the process of glycolysis is correct

It requires the first stage in the chemical oxidative of glucose by cell

In the absence of oxygen, yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, which results in the net production of which of the following sets of molecules?

ATP, CO2, and ethanol

Which of these is not a product of glycolysis

Acertyl Coa

Which of the following is one of the molecules formed by the removal of a carboxyl group from a molecule of pyruvate

Acertyl coA

Which of these is not a product of the citric acid cycle

Acetyl Coa

What is the name of the barrier that must be overcome before products are formed in a spontaneous reaction

Activation energy

What can you do to speed the reaction up again

Add more substrate it will outcome Pete the inhibitor and increase the reaction rate

Which term describes the degree to which an element attracts electrons

Electronegativity

The enzyme responsible for carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle is

Rubisco

What name is given to the reactants in an enzymatically catalyzed reaction

Substrate

____ bonds to the __ of enzymes

Substrate , active sites

During anaerobic fermentation ATP is synthesized through

Substrate level phosphorylation

What process occurs within box B

citric acid cycle

Substrate level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percent of the ATP formed by the reaction of glycolysis

100%

What is the correct label for "A"

Energy of activation

An enzyme ___

Is an organic catalyst

Which statement correctly describes how this increased demand would lead to an increased rate of ATP production

ATP levels would fall at first decreasing the inhibition of PFK and increasing the rate of ATP production

Which of the following statements is not true of most cellular redox reactions

A hydrogen atom is transferred to the atom that loses an electron

In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose oxidation

ATP

Which of the following are products of the light reaction of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle

ATP and NADPH

The enzyme PFK catalyze A key step in glycolysis and is inhibited by high levels of which of the following molecules

ATP and citrate

enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) catalyzes a key step in glycolysis and is inhibited by high levels of which of the following molecules

ATP and citrate

The proton motive force is what type of gradientThe proton motive force is what type of gradient

All of the above

What types of cells carry out ATP synthesis by Chemiosmosis

All respiring cells, both ....

A(n) ____ fines to enzymes at sites other than the active site to change the shape of an enzyme in order to inhibit the function of the enzyme

Allosteric inhibitor

High levels of citric acid inhibit the enzyme phosphofructokinase, a key enzyme in glycolysis. Citric acid binds to the enzyme at a different location from the active site. This is an example of

Allosteric regulation

Which term describes two atoms when they form a bond in which electrons are completely transferred from one atom to the other

Amino and cation

How does an enzyme increase the rate of the chemical reaction it catalyzes

An enzyme reduces the free energy of activation (Ea) other reaction it catalyzes

Which statement best explains why more ATP is made per molecule of NADH then per molecule FADH2

Fewer protons...

In chemiosmosis, the most direct source of energy used to convert ADP + PI to ATP is energy released

From movement of protons to ATP synthase down there electrochemical gradient

Yeast cells with defective mitochondria that are in capable of performing cellular respiration will be able to survive by using which of the following molecules for energy

Glucose

In the process of cellular respiration, what is consumed and what is produced?

Glucose is consumed in carbon dioxide is produced

What would happen to the cells rate of glucose utilization

Glucose utilization would increase a lot

Which of the following metabolic processes take place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell

Glycolysis and fermentation

Which of the following are the products of cellular respiration

H2O, CO2, and energy

Gaseous hydrogen burns in the presence of oxygen to form water 2H2+O2 —>> 2H2O + energy. Which molecule is oxidized and what kind of bond is formed

Hydrogen, polar

Which of these statements is the correct explanation for this observation

In the absence of oxygen, electron.....

During oxidative phosphorylation the proton is located in the _____ of the mitochondria while in phosphorylation the proton gradient is located in the _____ of the chloroplast

Inter-membrane space... Thylakoid space

What kind of bond is formed when lithium and fluorine combine to form lithium fluoride

Ionic

What makes substrate level phosphorylation different than oxidative phosphorylation

It involves an enzyme that catalyzes a phosphotrabsferase reaction

Use your knowledge Of the first three stages of cellular respiration to determine which explanation is correct

It is easier to remove electrons

If there is a lack of oxygen in cellular respiration you would expect an increase in the concentration of

NADH

Upon completion of the citric acid cycle, most of the energy originally stored in each glucose molecule catalyzed by cellular respiration is stored in which of the following molecules

NADH

Which of the following products result from the oxidation of pyruvate to acertyl-CoA

NADH and CO2

During electron transport, energy from _____ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____.

NADH and FADH2... Inter membrane space

At the end of photosystem one the electrons are finally delivered to

NADP+

Which of the following molecules is the final electron except or for electrons from photosystem I

NADP+

Which of the following statements describes a primary function of both alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation

Oxidation of NADH to NAD+

In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are produced by

Oxidative phosphorylation

In liver cells,

Oxidative phosphorylation

The mechanism of phosphorylation is most similar to Which of the following processes

Oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration

In the reaction Na —> Na+, Na has become

Oxidized

When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom in an oxidative reduction reaction the glucose molecule is

Oxidized

The final electron a scepter of cellular respiration is

Oxygen

What molecule is indicated by the letter D

Oxygen

Which of the following statements is true of the bonds in a water molecule

Oxygen holds electrons more tightly than hydrogen does and the net charge of zero

Which of the following are produced by light reactions of photosynthesis

Oxygen, ATP, and NADPH

Inhibition of which of the following processes will reduce or illuminate generation of a proton motive force in mitochondria

Pumping of hydrogen ions...

Among the products of glycolysis which compounds contain energy that can be used by other biological reactions

Pyruvate, ATP, and NADH

In fermentation _____ is reduced and _____ is oxidized.

Pyruvate... NADH

In the reaction Cl —-> Cl has become

Reduced

When electrons are passed from one item to a more electronegative atom the more electronegative atom is

Reduced, and energy is released

Enzymes work by

Reducing Ea

Which of the following reactions produce is that a majority of the CO2 released by the complete oxidation of glucose

The citric acid cycle

When a cell is deprived of oxygen, which of the following processes will be inhibited first

The electron transport chain

What can you do to regain the activity of the enzyme

The enzyme is an active at this point new Endzone must be added to regain enzyme activity

ATP synthesis is an endergonic reaction where does the energy come from for ATP synthase to synthesize ATP

The proton motive force

Where do the light reactions of photosynthesis take place

Thylakoid membrane

Where is chlorophyll stored in a plant

Thylakoids

In mitochondrial electron transport what is the direct role of O2

To function as the final electron except or in the electron transport chain

In the absence of oxygen, what is the net gain of ATP for each glucose molecule that enters glycolysis

Two ATP

What process occurs in box A

glycolysis

Substrate level phosphorylation occurs

in both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

In muscle cells, fermentation produces _____.

lactate and NAD+

Where does pyruvate oxidation take place

mitochondrial matrix

Where does the citric acid take place

mitochondrial matrix

In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by

substrate-level phosphorylation