BIO 201 Exam 1 Homework, Class, and SI Questions

Which of the following sentences is true? Cardiac muscle is striated Skeletal muscle is stratified (striated) connective tissue is stratified - cells aren't touching nervous tissue is striated - neurons communicating in a sequence

-Cardiac muscle is striated

Define Embryology:

-Knowledge of this branch of anatomy helps one understand the complex design of the adult human body and helps to explain birth defects.

Define Functional morphology:

-This branch of anatomy explores how organs and body structures work and assesses the efficiency of their design.

The sella turcica is best described as: An elevation A hole A projection A depression

A depression

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?

Atalas

Identify the central portion of the sternum. Body Xiphoid Process Manubrium Soma

Body

Individual vertebrae articulate with each other forming the vertebral column. Identify the part of a vertebra that articulates immediately with the vertebra below it.

Inferior articular processes

Which landmark of the hip bone can be felt on a hard chair? Ischial tuberosity Pubic rami Ischial body Iliac crest

Ischial tuberosity

Which of these regions of the vertebral column would be most accessible from a posterior surgical approach? Body Lamina Pedicle Vertebral foramen

Lamina

Identify the region of the sphenoid bone that contains the optic canal. Cribriform plate Lesser wings Greater wings Sella turcica

Lesser wings

Identify the shield shaped top of the sternum. Body Xiphoid Process Manubrium Gladiolus

Manibrium

Historically, which one occupation in particular has been impacted by scurvy due to an exceptionally imbalanced available diet?

Sailors

Identify the region of the sphenoid bone in contact with the pituitary gland.

Sella turcica

Identify the characteristic that would not help you to determine the sex of a pelvic girdle

Shape of the pubic tubercles

Which of the following landmarks is found on the posterior surface of the scapula? Spine Glenoid fossa Lateral border Coracoid process

Spine

Name the vertebral projection oriented in a median plane. Transverse process Spinous process Inferior articular process Superior articular process

Spinous process

What factor might contribute to the greater instance of knee injuries in females compared to males? Overall, females are clumsier and more accident prone than males The patella does not track linearly in females There is a greater angle between the femur and the tibia. None of the listed responses is correct.

There is a greater angle between the femur and the tibia.

Which term means a small flate shallow surface on a bone? facet trochlea sulcus process foramen

a. facet

Which bone has the acromion? a. scapula b. ulna c. humerus d. radius e. clavicle

a. scapula

Identify the articulation site for the femur.

acetabulum

Tissues in this category are characterized by an extracellular matrix that holds some amount of fluid.

connective

Which of the following is the correct progression in the healing of a skeletal fracture?

hematoma, fibrocartilage callus, bony callus, bone remodeling

Define Radiographic anatomy:

-This branch of anatomy studies internal body structures by means of MRI, sonography, and other imaging techniques.

Define Gross anatomy:

-This is the study of body structures that can be examined with the naked eye-bones, lungs, and muscles for example.

Define Histology:

-This is the study of microscopic structures including cells, tissues, and microscopic details of organs.

Define Surface anatomy:

-This is the study of shapes and landmarks that reveal underlying organs.

As a physician, you are evaluating a blood vessel abnormality in a 35-year-old male's brain. The technique which would be least useful would be________. digital subtraction angiography an MRI with contrast a CT scan with contrast a PET scan

-a PET scan

In which body cavity are the organs of this body system located? Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

-abdominopelvic cavity

A "C-collar" is often placed around the neck of an accident victim by first responders to stabilize the neck until it can be evaluated in the emergency room. The "C" stands for__________. crural coxal cervical carpal

-cervical

If you wanted to see a section through both lungs at the same time, you could make a cut in the __________ or the __________ plane. midsagittal; coronal coronal; transverse parasagittal; median transverse; parasagittal

-coronal; transverse

The right nostril and right ear are __________.

-ipsilateral

The middle finger is __________ to the index finger. proximal lateral superior medial

-medial

What are the two most regulating systems?

-nervouse and endocrine

Which listed organ is included in both the reproductive system and the endocrine system? pancreas thymus ovaries spleen kidneys

-ovaries

What's the difference between the parietal and visceral pleura?

-parietal is on outside and visceral is on inside

As a surgeon you have sent tissue to the lab for evaluation of the presence of cancer. You would send it to a____________. pathology lab histology lab embryology lab morphology lab

-pathology lab

Patients with appendicitis often complain of abdominal pain in the right lower abdominopelvic quadrant. The appendix itself is in the__________. right iliac region hypogastric region right lumbar region umbilical region

-right iliac region

In what quadrant is appendicitis felt in?

-right lower quadrants Symptoms: sudden pain on the right side of abdomen, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, fever, constipation or diarrhea, abdominal bloating

You are the emergency room physician evaluating a patient with possible pneumonia-an infection of the lungs. The imaging test which will of little value would be _____________. a chest X ray sonography CT MRI

-sonography

When a patient has a myocardial infarction, anatomical changes will be seen in?

-the heart wall

How many facial bones are in an adult human? a. 8 b. 22 c. 14 d. 10 e. none of the above

14

The adult hip bone consists of _____ regions.

3

How many bones fused together to form the sacrum?

5

Greenstick fractures are incomplete fractures in which only one side of the shaft breaks while the other side bends. Anatomically, why would these types of breaks be more common in children? A child's bones have less organic matrix, making them more brittle. A child's bones are more susceptible to excessive twisting forces. The epiphyseal plate makes a child's bones more brittle. A child's bones have more organic matrix, making them more flexible.

A child's bones have more organic matrix, making them more flexible.

Identify the region of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle. Coracoid process Spine Glenoid fossa Acromion process

Acromion process

A septoplasty often corrects a deviated septum, but like all procedures, may not correct all problems. As an ear, nose, and throat specialist doing a septoplasty on someone with recurrent bouts of sinus infections, you might warn the patient of which of the following complications? Recurrent infections. Difficulty breathing out of one or both nostrils. The nose may be bent to one side. All of the listed responses are correct.

All of the listed responses are correct.

In diabetes mellitus, the hormone insulin is either lacking or unable to stimulate tissue cells to bring glucose into the cells from the blood. Using deductive reasoning, elevated blood glucose levels in diabetes can mean that___________. while blood glucose levels are elevated, a diabetic's cells may be deprived of glucose and starving for an energy source hunger centers in the brain can continue to register the need to eat, even though the serum glucose level is high as capillary (and larger blood vessel) basement membranes thicken and compromise circulation, the diabetic's risk of other vascular disease such as hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) increases All of the listed responses are correct.

All of the listed responses are correct.

Which vertebra lacks both a body and spinous process?

Atlas

Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no".

Atlas - axis

Which region of the hip bone articulates with the sacrum Pubic symphysis Auricular surface of the ilium Auricular surface of the ischium Coccyx

Auricular surface of the ilium

What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?

Axis

Strokes are a result of blood not being able to reach brain tissue. Which of the following could directly contribute to a stroke? Select all that apply. Stiff muscles Blood clot blocking artery of the brain Blood vessel of brain rupturingS welling of the brain Dehydration Suffocation

Blood clot blocking artery of the brain Blood vessel of brain rupturing

Another name for a heart attack is a myocardial infarction. What do you think is the most common cause and consequential effect of a myocardial infarction? CAUSE: blood being pumped out of the heart has no oxygen EFFECT: heart is unable to adequately supply rest of body with oxygenated blood. CAUSE: cardiac muscle cells stop contracting EFFECT: when cardiac cells stop contracting, blood can no longer supply the heart with oxygen. CAUSE: blockage in blood vessels supplying the heart EFFECT: cardiac cells lose access to their oxygen supply and start to die. CAUSE: blood reaching the heart has no oxygen EFFECT: cardiac cells stop working until they have their oxygen supply restored.

CAUSE: blockage in blood vessels supplying the heartEFFECT: cardiac cells lose access to their oxygen supply and start to die.

Which of the following is true regarding apical surface features of epithelium? Microvilli are highly motile apical extensions that bend and move in coordinated waves. Cilia are most prominent in epithelium that absorbs nutrients.T he primary function of cilia is to increase surface area. Cilia move in a specific sequence in order to move fluid along the epithelium surface in only one direction. Microvilli are longer and more flexible than cilia.

Cilia move in a specific sequence in order to move fluid along the epithelium surface in only one direction.

Which anatomic structures project into the male pelvic outlet? Coccyx Pubic tubercles Greater sciatic notch Ischial spines

Coccyx Ischial spines

Based on this information, scurvy impacts the maintenance of which tissue the most?

Connective

Identify the process on the scapula that does not articulate with another bone. Acromion process Glenoid fossa Coracoid process Coronoid process

Coracoid process

Identify the recessed area surrounding the crista galli. Glenoid fossa Horizontal plate Sella turcica Cribriform plates

Cribriform plates

Identify the landmark that projects superiorly into the floor of the skull and serves as a site of attachment for the meninges. Crista galli Vomer Perpendicular plate Cribriform plate

Crista galli

Healing is dependent on the ability of damaged cells and tissues to regenerate. Select all of the following cell and/or tissue types that have a strong ability to regenerate. Cardiac muscle Epithelial tissue Neurons of central nervous system Smooth muscle Hepatocytes

Epithelial tissue Smooth muscle Hepatocytes

T/F: A tubercle is a very large, blunt process for muscle and ligament attachment.

False

T/F: As cartilage ages, calcium salts are deposited and calcify the cartilage, turning it into bone.

False

T/F: In appositional growth, chondrocytes within cartilage divide and secrete new matrix.

False

Identify the location of the sphenoid bone. Anterior portion of the cranium Floor of the skull Lateral walls of the nasal cavity Face

Floor of the skull

Identify the socket of the shoulder joint. Lateral border Coracoid process Spine Glenoid fossa

Glenoid fossa

Identify the indentation that is inferiorolateral to the auricular surface. Pubic tubercle Ischial spine Acetabulum Greater sciatic notch

Greater sciatic notch

Name the type of connective tissue that anchors the ribs onto the sternum.

Hyaline

Identify a lateral projection of a vertebra.

Identify a lateral projection of a vertebra.

Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes".

Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes".

Which of the following is the largest region of the hip bone? Ischium Ileum Pubis Ilium

Ilium

Identify the large hole found in this bone. Lesser sciatic notch Greater sciatic notch Obturator foramen Foramen magnum

Obturator foramen

Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas. Foramen magnum Occipital condyles Mastoid processes Superior articular facets

Occipital condyles

You are a surgeon who lived decades ago, and have several patients with severe carpal tunnel syndrome. Other treatments have failed, and you are considering surgery. Which of the following procedures would result in the fewest problems after surgery? Open the transverse carpal ligament-the ligamentous band that covers the surface of the carpal tunnel. Cut the median nerve. Cut the tendons of some of the flexor muscles in the carpal tunnel. Remove one or more of the wrist bones.

Open the transverse carpal ligament-the ligamentous band that covers the surface of the carpal tunnel.

In osteoporosis, bone resorption occurs at faster rate than the deposition of new bone. Using your knowledge of bone cells, you reason that the cause of this must be an increase in activity and number of

Osteoclasts

Which part of the ethmoid bone forms part of the nasal septum? Vomer Cribriform plates Crista galli Perpendicular plate

Perpendicular plate

The basement membrane of the epithelial lining of capillaries in the kidney can thicken over time in patients with untreated diabetes mellitus. What could be a consequence of this thickening?

Substances would have a difficult time traveling between the capillaries and the functional structures of the kidney, leading to a failure of the kidney to function.

The suprascapular notch is found on: Lateral border Medial border Superior border

Superior border

Which anatomic structures define the pelvic inlet? Pubic arch Superior border of the pubic symphysis Ischium Sacral promontory Arcuate lines

Superior border of the pubic symphysis Sacral promontory Arcuate lines

Why would skiing be less likely to cause an ankle fracture than playing basketball or football? Skiers are have stronger ankles. The heavy boots used in skiing transfer twisting forces to the shaft of the tibia and fibula. Skiers will fracture their feet instead. You are less likely to evert or invert your foot while skiing.

The heavy boots used in skiing transfer twisting forces to the shaft of the tibia and fibula.

Rickets is a condition resulting from inadequate intake of Vitamin D, which is required for absorption of calcium in the digestive tract. What consequences would this have on the bones? The bones would become thickened due to increased bone deposition The epiphysial plates would close prematurely, leading to decreased limb length. The lack of vitamin D would cause the bones to become thicker and stronger. The lack of calcium would cause the bones to be soft and weak.

The lack of calcium would cause the bones to be soft and weak.

Which of the following is a correct statement? The male pelvis is broader than the female pelvis. The female pelvis is denser than the male pelvis. The female pelvis is narrower than the male pelvis. The male pelvis is heavier than the female pelvis.

The male pelvis is heavier than the female pelvis.

The angle of the greater sciatic notch is steeper in a:

male pelvis

The universal loss of skeletal mass that begins after age 40 is due to increased blood flow to bones as individuals age. reflects an imbalance in the bone-remodeling process. is slower in women than in men.i s absolutely uniform throughout the skeleton.

reflects an imbalance in the bone-remodeling process.

What types of cell are being collected for DNA?

squamous epithelium

Which these is true regarding the anatomical design of bone to deal with the stresses placed on it? Trabeculae are aligned along the lines of stress within a bone. Compact bone occurs in the center of each bone. Spongy bone is arranged in a random network. All surfaces of bones are smooth.

Trabeculae are aligned along the lines of stress within a bone.

T/F: Osteocytes, residing within lacunae, are connected via canaliculi.

True

T/F: Superficial fascia refers to the fatty hypodermis below the skin, whereas deep fascia are the sheets of tissue that wrap around muscles, large blood vessels, etc.

True

What part of the sternum is palpated prior to giving CPR?

Xiphoid process

What is the mina function of the axial skeleton? a. moving the body b. protecting viscera

b. protecting viscera

Which bone has the greater trochanter? a. illium b. ulna c. femur d. tibia e. ischium

c. femur

Cartilage repairs slowly after adolescence because the perichondrium thickens, preventing diffusion of gasses and nutrients. chondrocytes no longer are able to divide and secrete new matrix. the cartilage matrix becomes mineralized. collagen synthesis ceases.

chondrocytes no longer are able to divide and secrete new matrix.

Connective tissue that must resist forces pulling it from many different directions without stretching would most likely be

dense irregular connective tissue

If a long bone is fractured midshaft, which region of the bone has been damaged?

diaphysis

Which of the following bones does not articulate with the left parietal bone? a. occipital b. right parietal c. frontal d. temporal e. ethmoid

ethmoid

Inflamed tissue is often warm to the touch because of accumulation of bacterial toxins. increased blood flow to the area. infiltration by neutrophils. leakage of clotting proteins.

increased blood flow to the area.

A hormone that increases the bone-degrading activity of osteoclasts is

parathyroid hormone

Muscles are not likely to tear from their bones because a circumferential lamella sandwiches the ends of the tendon onto the surface of an adjacent lamella. perforating fibers of collagen attach the tendons and periosteum to the cortical surfaces of bone. elastin fibers in the tendon can allow for stretching and recoil of the muscle. the tendons are partially ossified at their attachment points to the periosteum.

perforating fibers of collagen attach the tendons and periosteum to the cortical surfaces of bone.

What region of the vertebral column does the hip bone articulate with?

sacral region

Which cranial bone has a styloid process? a. zygomatic b. mandible c. ethmoid d. sphenoid e. temporal

temporal

All of the following are true regarding changes in the appendicular skeleton throughout life except the lower limbs grow faster than the upper limbs the female pelvis broadens around the time of puberty the skeleton gains bone mass with time after middle age the upper-lower body ratio changes

the skeleton gains bone mass with time after middle age

What bony landmark is only found on cervical vertebrae? a. The dens B. spinous process c. body d. vertebrae prominens e. transverse foramen

transverse foramen

All three patients have stabilized and will survive, but only one could fully recover through tissue regeneration. Which one, and why? The patient with liver damage will fully recover because the epithelial tissue made up of hepatocytes can readily regenerate. The patient with liver damage will fully recover because the liver is a smooth muscle structure, and smooth muscle readily regenerates. The patient who suffered a heart attack will fully recover because cardiac muscle cells readily regenerate when damaged. The patient who suffered a heart attack will fully recover because the heart can function fine even after cardiac muscle has been damaged. The patient who suffered a stroke will fully recover because neurons of the brain will replicate and reconnect to the damaged areas. The patient who suffered a stroke will fully recover because the brain can rewire itself to bypass the damaged neurons.

The patient with liver damage will fully recover because the epithelial tissue made up of hepatocytes can readily regenerate.