bio 2nd test

____ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced

Anemia

Damage to ependymal cells would most likely affect the

formation of cerebrospinal fluid

The structure labeled "2" is a

soma

Intercalated discs serve to transfer __ from cell to cell

All of the answers are correct - Ionic currents - Electrical signals - The force of contraction - Action potentials

A heart murmur might be caused by

All of the answers are correct - Mitral valve insufficiency - Pulmonic valve insufficiency - Swirling of blood in the ventricle - Aortic valve insufficiency

Which of these is NOT one of the formed elements of blood?

Antibodies

The left ventricle pumps blood to the

Aorta

The visceral pericardium is the same as the

Epicardium

The process of red blood cell production is called

Erythropoiesis

Joe begins to experience mood swings and disturbed thirst and hunger. Imagine studies indicate that a brain tumor is the likely cause of these disorders. In what part of the brain is the tumor most likely located?

Hypothalamus

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of

Iron

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the

Left atrium

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

Lungs

Identify the cell labeled "6"

Lymphocyte

The blood cells involved in specific immunity are the

Lymphocytes

The cardiovascular reflexes are based in the

Medulla oblongata

Identify the cell labeled "5"

Monocyte

As you ascend from the medulla oblongata to the cerebrum, the functions of each successive level become

More complex

Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn

Mother rH negative, baby Rh positive

The most abundant component of plasma is

Water

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

Whole blood

Which is the only cranial nerve to leave the head and neck region?

X Vagus

Which of the following help to protect the brain?

all of the answers are correct

The function of the astrocytes in the CNS includes which of the following?

all of the answers are correct - maintaining the blood brain barrier -repairing damaged neural tissue - guiding neuron development - adjusting the composition of the interstitial fluid

The all-or-none principle states that

all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

almbumins

The largest and most numerous of the glial cells in the central nervous system are the

astrocytes

The neuroglial cells that participate in maintaining the blood-brain barrier are the

astrocytes

The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains

axons of motor neurons

The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains

axons of sensory neurons

The structures labeled 1 are dendrites. Their membranes contain numerous chemically-gated ion channels

both statements are true and relate to synaptic transmission

What is produced by the structure labeled "2"

cerebrospinal fluid

A neural cortex is found on the surface of the

cerebrum

Identify the structure labeled "1"

choroid plexus

Functions of astrocytes include all of the following, except

conducting action potentials

The left and right sides of the cerebrum are interconnected by the

corpus callosum

Which of the following is NOT function of the nervous system?

direct long-term functions, such as growth

Identify the structure labeled "7"

dura mater

The central nervous system is enclosed by membranes or meniges called the

dura mater, pia mater and arachnoid

From an evolutionary standpoint, this structure is considered the oldest, most primitive division of the brain

hindbrain

The control of the heart rate and blood pressure is based in the

medulla oblongata

Which of the following is not a function of the neuroglia?

memory

Small, wandering cells that engulf cell debris and pathogens in the CNS are called

microglia

___ neurons are the most common class in the CNS

multipolar

___ account for roughly half of the volume of the nervous system

neuroglia

What is contained inside the structure labeled "5"

neurotransmitter molecules

The myelin sheath that covers many CNS axons is formed by

oligodendocytes

The layer of the meninges that closely follows every gyrus and sulcus is the

pia meter

____ neurons form the afferent division of the PNS

sensory

Identify the structure labeled "6"

subarachnoid space

What contains a spider web-like network of cells and fibers through which cerebrospinal fluid flows?

subarachnoid space

The respiratory rhythmicity center is located in

the medulla oblongata

The central nervous system is composed of

The brain and spinal cord

The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in

The sinoatrial node

Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ___ valve

Tricuspid

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a

Viscosity about the same as water

All of the following are true of neural reflexes except that they

cannot be modified by the brain

Region of brain the coordinates antagonistic muscle movements

cerebellum

A threshold stimulus is the

depolarization necessary to cause an action potential

The largest part of the brain is the

diencephalon

___ line the brain ventricles and spinal canal

ependymal cells

The ___ provides the principle link between the nervous and endocrine systems

hypothalamus

The primary purpose of the blood-brain barrier is to

isolate the CNS from general circulation

All the circulating red blood cells in an adult originate in the

red bone marrow

Identify the structure labeled "5"

synaptic terminals

Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum b the

thalamus

The Resting Membrane Potential for neurons is approximately

-70 mV

At a heart rate of 60 beats/ minute, a cardiac cycle lasts

1 second

Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit ?

16

The average life span of a red blood cell is

4 months

A typical adult hematocrit is

45

The choroid plexus produces CSF at a rate of about

500 mL/day

Plasma composes about ___ percent of whole blood and water composes ___ percent of the plasma volume

55;92

The adult human brain contains almost ___ of the body's neural tissue

97%

The adult heart is roughly the size of

A man's clenched fist

The sequence in which excitation would move through this system is

AV valves close.

How is the nervous system able to respond to changes in the environment so quickly?

All of the above - It possesses many sensory neurons that are constantly evaluating the internal and external environment, - It is able to generate an appropriate response to the sensory information received, It can integrate the information and interpret what the sensory information actually means - The nervous system operates at a very fast pace

Oligodendrocytes are similar to Schwann cells in that they

Are a type of neuroglial cell

The bicuspid or mitral valve is located

Between the left atrium and left ventricle

Blood type is identified primarily by

Both the ABO and Rh blood groups.

Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of

Cardiac muscle cells

The function of red blood cells is to

Carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide

The ___ delivers blood to the myocardium

Coronary arteries

Identify the structure labeled "6"

Cusp of tricuspid valve

Artery is to ___ as vein is to __

Efferent; afferent

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is

Fibrinogen

The pulmonary veins carry blood to the

Heart

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the

Hematocritt

A person who has a low blood volume is said to be

Hypovolemic

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the

Immunoglobulins

The most numerous WBCs in a differential count of a healthy individual are

Neutrophils

Identify the structure labeled "8"

Papillary muscles

A person's blood type is determined largely by the

Presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane

Identify the structure labeled "19"

Pulmonary semilunary valve

Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the

Pulmonary valve

Thalamic nuclei function to

Relay sensory information to the cerebral nuclei and cerebral cortex

The right ventricle pumps blood to the

Right and left lungs

Blood returning to the heart from systemic circuit first enters the

Right atrium

The neurilemma of axons in the peripheral nervous system is formed by

Schwann cells

The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart

(4,3,2,5,1) - SA node - AV node - AV bundle - Bundle branches - Purkinje fibers