Bio

Ace your homework & exams now with Quizwiz!

Mitochondria

Most of the process of cellular respiration occurs within the ____________________, a bean shaped organelle

ADP

The H+ ions that travel through ATP synthase allow a phosphate bond on to ___________________ making it ATP

Carbon dioxide

6 molecules of _________________________ is created during the Kreb's Cycle and is a wasted product

Calorie

A ____________________ is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1L of water 1 degree centigrade

electron transport chain

A set of proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane is known as the ______________________________

ATP

ATP synthase use the energy from the moving ions to combine ADP and phosphate forming high energy _________.

Yeast

Alcohol fermentation occurs in __________________ cells

90 %

At the end of glycolysis, how much of the chemical energy in glucose is still unused?

Mitochondria

Because fermentation takes place in the absence of oxygen, products of glycolysis diffuse into the _______________________

aerobic

Because the final stages of cellular respiration require oxygen, they are said to be ________.

Bloodstream

Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the mitochondria, out of the cell and into the ________________________, and the lungs

Photosynthesis takes place in plants in the chloroplast, cellular respiration takes place within humans in cells. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide as a reactant, cellular respiration makes it as a waste product. Photosynthesis releases oxygen as a waste product, cellular respiration uses it as a reactant.

Compare photosynthesis with cellular respiration.

High energy electrons

During the Krebs cycle _______________________________ are made

2

During the energy extraction part of the Krebs cycle, how many molecules of CO2 are released?

inner membrane

Energy from the electrons move down the chain is used to move H+ ions across the ________.

NAD+

Fermentation occurs in cells in order to make _________________ to allow glycolysis to occur

Kimchi and beer

Give 2 examples of products of fermentation manufactured for real life.

- intermembrane - Positively

H+ ions build up in the ________________ space, making it ____________ charged and making the matrix negatively charged.

ATP synthase

H+ ions move through channels of ____________ in the innermembrane.

Electron transport Chain

High energy electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed into and along the _______.

it is the process that "withdraws" energy.

If photosynthesis is the process that "deposits" energy in a "savings" account. then what is cellular respiration?

lactic acid fermentation

In humans during heavy exercise, cells run out of oxygen as a result of ________________________________ occurring

3 molecules of oxygen

In the Krebs cycle the carbon atoms in a three carbon molecule are released as ___________________________________

it passes to the second stage of cellular respiration, the Krebs cycle

In the presence of oxygen, how is the pyruvic acid produced in glycolysis used?

Alcoholic Fermentation

In yeast cells, and some microorganisms, the absence of oxygen result in ______________________________

3 ATP

On average how many ATP molecules are produced as each pair of high energy electrons move down the ETC?

Glycolysis - cytoplasm, Krebs cycle - mitochondrial matrix, ETC - inner membrane of mitochondria

Outline where all the part of cellular respiration occurs within the cell.

mitochondria matrix

The Krebs cycle takes place within the ___________________________

H+ ions

The electron transport chain uses high energy electron to pump _________________ to the other side of the mitochondrial membrane

pyruvic acid

The first part of Cellular respiration converts glucose into ________________________

Glycolysis

The first part of cellular respiration is called ______________________. It occurs in the cytoplasm

Cytoplasm

The first step of cellular respiration occurs within the ________________

Pyruvic acid

The first step of cellular respiration results in _______________________

Krebs cycle

The process that begins with pyruvic acid into Acetyl-COA by the help of the enzyme

NADH and FADH2

The products of the Krebs cycle are _____________________________

Oxygen

This is the final electron acceptor

electron transport chain

This is the process that produces the most ATP

Lactic Acid

This is what causes muscle fatigue that occurs during exercise

it is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy extracting reactions

What happens to pyruvic acid during the Krebs cycle?

The breakdown of sugar into energy for the cell, in the presence of oxygen.

What is cellular respiration?

a series of proteins in the inner membrane of mitochondira.

What is the electron transport chain?

It is 4 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 ATP (molecules)

What is the energy tally from the 1 molecule of pyruvic acid during the Krebs cycle?

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 -> 6 H2O + 6 CO2

What is the equation for the cellular respiration?

36

What is the total number of ATP molecules formed during cellular respiration?

It is the final electron acceptor that passes electrons through the ETC.

What role does oxygen play in cellular respiration?

Fermentation

When eukaryotic cells run out of oxygen, _______________________ occurs

when oxygen is not available, the krebs cycle and electron transport chain cannot proceed, and glycolysis produced just two ATP per glucose. Under aerobic conditions, the krebs cycle and electron transport enable the cell to produce 34 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.

Why can 18 times as much ATP be generated from glucose in the presence of oxygen than when oxygen is not available?

it is regenerated at the end of each complete turn of the cycle

Why is the 4-carbon compound generated in the breakdown of citric acid the only permanent compound in the Krebs cycle?

ATP

Within cells, the energy available in food is stored in an energy rich compound called ____________

Glycolysis

______________________ is the first step in releasing energy of glucose in the cell

All

______________________ types of cells undergo cellular respiration.

Oxygen

_________________________ is needed to start aerobic respiration

NADH and FADH2

____________________________ are important electron carriers needed for the ETC

Photosynthesis

____________________________ does not release energy from glucose

cellular respiration is the only way to generate a continuing supply of ATP

a runner needs more energy for a long race. how does the body generate the necessary ATP?

NAD+

electron carrier involved in glycolysis

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain

glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain

photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and cellular respiration puts it back.

how are photosynthesis and cellular respiration opposite in terms of carbon dioxide?

photosynthesis releases oxygen, cellular respiration uses oxygen to release energy from food.

how are photosynthesis and cellular respiration opposite in terms of oxygen?

False

is the following true or False. Hydrogen serves as the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain.

Krebs cycle

second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions

Glycolysis

the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid. First step of cellular respiration; anaerobic

water and carbon dioxide

what are the final waste products of cellular respiration?

to convert ADP into ATP

what does the electron transport chain use the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle for?

it is released into the air

what happens to carbon dioxide produced in breaking down pyruvic acid?

it released as heat

what happens to the 62% of the total energy of glucose that is not used to make ATP molecules.

their energy is used to transport hydrogen ions across the membrane

what is the energy of the high energy electrons used for every time two high energy electrons move down the electron transport chain?

when pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis enters the mitochondrion

when does the Krebs cycle begin?

NADH and FADH2+

when electrons join NAD+ and FAD during the Krebs cycle, what do they form?

lactic acid fermentation

when runners need quick energy for a short race, what source can supply enough ATP for about 90 seconds.

it gets them from NADH and FADH2 produced in the Krebs cycle

where does the electron transport chain get the high energy electrons that are passed down the chain?

lactic acid fermentation produces lactic acid as a byproduct. the only way to get rid of lactic acid is in a chemical pathway that requires extra oxygen

why does a sprinter have an oxygen debt to repay after the race is over?

citric acid is the first compound formed in this series of reactions

why is the Krebs cycle also known as the citric acid cycle?


Related study sets

Microeconomics chapter 4 study guide

View Set

Chapter 10 - Conflict and Negotiation

View Set

Personal Finance Chapter 7 Assessment

View Set

Macro Economics Knowledge Check Ins

View Set

Human growth and development final

View Set