bio anthro 1

Uniformitarianism is the principle that processes observable today are the same processes that have been at work throughout geological history.

True

Variation in a population is the key to Darwin's theory of natural selection.

True

If the genotype of one parent is Tt for PTC tasting, and the other parent is tt, their child will have which genotype?

Tt or tt

One chemical difference between DNA and RNA is that RNA has the base ___ instead of the base T.

U

Imagine a locus with two alleles, F and G. If the frequency of the F allele is 0.6, then the frequency of the G allele must be

0.4

Imagine there is a locus with two alleles, H and h, where H is dominant and is the hairy nose allele. If a man with genotype HH mates with a woman with genotype hh, the proportion of offspring expected to have the hairy nose phenotype is

100%

Gene or point mutations are always harmful.

False

Where is DNA found in a cell?

In the nucleus, with a separate type found in the mitochondria.

The field of genetics concerned with the laws of inheritance is known as __________ genetics.

Mendelian

DNA regulates the process of protein synthesis with the help of

RNA

The ABO blood group has three alleles (A, B, O) where A and B are codominant and O is recessive. How can a woman with type A blood and a man with type B blood have a child with type O blood?

The woman must have genotype AO and the man must have genotype BO

DNA is

all of the above

Evidence for evolution consists of

all of the above

Which must exist to be able to designate a group a species?

all of the answers are correct

The alternative forms of a gene found at a given locus are known as

alleles

For the human sex chromosomes, males have

an x chromosome and a y chromosome

Sickle cell anemia is due to a mutation that

changes one base in the genetic code

Alleles are _____________ if both of their effects are expressed in the phenotype.

co-dominant

DNA consists of coding sections (known as ________) and non-coding sections (known as _________).

exons and introns

Imagine you see the frequency of a harmful allele increase slightly over time in an isolated population. What could be responsible for this contradictory observation?

inbreeding

During meiosis, chromosome pairs can exchange pieces, resulting in new combinations of genes and DNA sequences. This result is known as

recombination

Each parent contributes one allele at each locus to his or her offspring. This is known as Mendel's Law of

segregation

Many complex traits such as skin color or height are polygenic. This means that

they are the result of alleles at 2 or more loci

The naturalist who came up with a formal classification system for living creatures, including species and genus, was

Carolus Linnaeus

A diploid is a cell with only half the number of chromosomes needed for life.

False

All scientists agree that the Earth is around 450,000 years old.

False

Because DNA consists of only a few bases, there is a limited number of proteins it can produce.

False

Both males and females have 23 homologous pairs of chromosomes.

False

The Modern Synthesis is the recognition that evolution is the result of four forces of evolution: mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection.

False

The most significant characteristic of a hypothesis is that it can never be falsified.

False

The scientist who used the hypothesis of catastrophism to explain the extinction of animal species was

George Cuvier

The scientist who believed that an animal could pass on adaptations acquired during its lifetime was

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

_____________ is responsible for transporting genetic information to the site of protein synthesis.

Messenger RNA

In DNA, the base A pairs with the base

T

An example of Mendel's law of independent assortment is when the color of a plant does not affect its height.

True

In scientific terms, hypotheses that have withstood the test of time and all attempts at falsification may be considered theories.

True

The fossil record supports the evolutionary prediction that single-celled organisms evolved before multicelled organisms.

True

Mendel used the term dominant for

a trait that prevented another trait from appearing

Changes in the frequency of alleles in a population caused by random, chance events are

both b and c

The shape of a DNA molecule is a

double helix

A specific type of genetic drift, known as ___________, results from the formation of a new population by a small number of individuals.

founder effect

The type of alleles at any given locus determine the ___________, while the observable trait expressed by these alleles determines the ____________.

genotype, phenotype

In science, an explanation of observed facts is known as a

hypothesis

Why is Intelligent Design (ID) not a science?

its theories are not testable and are not supported by scientific evidence

Cell division in the somatic cells is known as _______, while cell division in the gametes is known as __________.

mitosis, meiosis

New alleles can be brought into a population by

mutation and natural selection

Which of the following is true?

mutation introduces new alleles into a population

The concept developed by Darwin and by Wallace to explain change in a species over time is called

natural selection

The study of the peppered moth in England provides and excellent example of

natural selection

The assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium model are that mating within the population is random, there is no difference in fertility or survival or different genotypes, there is no gene flow, no genetic drift, and

no mutation