Bio Ch 13
Chytridiomycota
(chytrids) a primitive division of fungi that live in water and produce gametes with flagella
Basidiomycota
(club fungi) a division of fungi that produce club shaped structures, basidia, which contain spores
Ascomycota
(sac fungi) a division of fungi that store spores in a sac called ascus
Hypha
A filament of fungal cells.
peptidoglycan
A protein-carbohydrate compound that makes the cell walls of bacteria rigid
Conjugation
A temporary union of two organisms for the purpose of DNA transfer.
Fungi cell contains___________
A true nucleus and many membrane-bound organelles
epidemic
A widespread outbreak of an infectious disease.
Fungi
An organism that absorbs nutrients from the environment.
Pathogen
An organism that causes disease
parasite
An organism that feeds on a living host
extremophiles
Archaea that live in extreme environments.
________ and not archaea are pathogenic
Bacteria
Protists reproduce in a variety of ways. What are three ways?
Binary fission, multiple fission, sexual reproduction
Cyanobacteria used ________ and began the oxygenation of the atmosphere which allowed more life to form
Carbon dioxide
Protists are 'junk drawers'. Still useful but not ________
Classified
Botulism
Clostridium botulinum
Biofilms
Colonies of bacteria that adhere together and adhere to environmental surfaces.
Cysts
Dormant cell with resistant outer covering
Some protists survive harsh conditions by ___________
Forming cysts
Deuteromycota
Fungi with no known method of sexual reproduction
Prokaryotes help in our___________
Intestines
Anaerobic
Process that does not require oxygen
Some ______ aid in decomposition
Protists
______ are not animals, fungi or plants
Protists
Fungi has many's ways of ____________
Reproduction
Thallus
The body of a plant-like organism that is not divided into leaves, roots, or stems.
Hyphae
The branching, threadlike tubes that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi
Zygomycota
The division of fungi that form a zygote in a zygospore
Transduction
The process in which infection by a virus results in DNA being transferred from one bacterium to another.
Bioremediation
The use of living organisms to detoxify and restore polluted and degraded ecosystems
Antibiotics can be a ___________
Two-edged sword
foodborne illness
a disease transmitted by food
Glomeromycota
a group of fungi that form symbiotic relationships with the roots of trees
Mold
a tangle of visible mycelia with a fuzzy appearance
hydrothermal vents
an opening in the sea floor out of which heated mineral-rich water flows
gram positive
bacterium that contains mainly peptidoglycan in its cell walls
gram negative
bacterium whose cell wall contains little peptidoglycan but has an outer membrane
Fungi cell walls are made of ___________
chitin and glucan
pseudopeptidoglycan
component of archaea cell walls
Protists are very ______
diverse
capsule
external structure that enables a prokaryote to attach to surfaces and protects it from dehydration
mycosis
fungal infection
Plastid
group of plant organelles that are used for storage of starches, lipids, or pigments
Mycelium
mass of hyphae
microbial mats
multilayered sheets with different organisms in each layer
Fungi examples
mushrooms, mold, yeast
Phototrophs
obtain energy from light
Commensalism
one organism benefits and the other is unaffected
Saprobes
organisms that obtain food from decaying organic matter
Black Death
pandemic that is believed to have been an outbreak of bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis
Fungi are not ________
plants
Endosymbiosis
symbiosis in which one of the symbiotic organisms lives inside the other.
lichen
symbiotic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism
septum
the cell wall division between hyphae
Excavata
the eukaryotic supergroup that contains flagellated single-celled organisms with a feeding groove
Rhizaria
the eukaryotic supergroup that contains organisms that move by amoeboid movement
Amoebozoa
the eukaryotic supergroup that contains the amoebas and slime molds
Chromaveolata
the eukaryotic supergroup that contains the dinoflagellates, ciliates, the brown algae, diatoms, and water molds
Opisthokonta
the eukaryotic supergroup that contains the fungi, animals, and choanoflagellates
Archaeplastida
the supergroup that includes red algae, green algae, and land plants
Yeast
unicellular fungi
anoxic
without oxygen
Pandemic
worldwide epidemic
Fungi is not capable of ___________ and has no ____________
Photosynthesis; chloroplast
Cyanobacteria
Photosynthetic, oxygen-producing bacteria (formerly known as blue-green algae).
mycorrihaze
Mutualistic relationship between fungal hyphae and roots of vascular plants.
Stromatolites
Oldest known fossils formed from many layers of bacteria and sediment.
