Bio Ch 26
polymerase chain reaction
DNA fingerprinting is useful for CSI studies and evolutionary studies. But to do these you must first use the ___________ to get enough of the target DNA
short tandem repeat
GATAGATAGATA is an example of
RNA or a protein
a gene's final product can be either the three types of
DNA fingerprint
a pattern of distinctive bands is formed when DNA is forced through a porous gel material. these bands are called a
vector
a piece of DNA that can be manipulated such that foreign DNA can be added to it is called a
recombinant
a segment of DNA containing genes from both mice and humans would be called
plasmid
an accessory ring of DNA in bacteria, often used as a vector in gene cloning is a(n)
transgenic organisms
another name for genetically modified organisms is
cancer, cystic fibrosis, and blood diseases
drugs may soon be available to treat what as a result of gene pharming
biotechnology products
genetically modified organisms produce products that are referred to as
protein
homologous genes are different genes that code for the same _________
cloning
identical twins and members of a bacteria colony in a petri dish are considered examples of
transgenic bacteria
if a bacteria expresses a cloned gene, it is referred to as a(n)
protoplasts
immature plant embryos, plant cells with their cell wall removed
microinjecting foreign DNA directly into egg cells, and vortex mixing of animal cells with foreign DNA
methods of creating genetically modified animals are
introns
often spliced out in the process of making functionals mRNA transcript
Transgenic
organism that contains foreign DNA
model organisms
organisms used in genetic analysis because of their cellular/genetic mechanism similarities to humans
antibodies against ebola virus, antibody to deliver radioisotopes to tumor cells, and treatment of genital herpes
products produced by transgenic plants are
proteins of a species
proteomics is the study of all of the
telomeres
repetitive DNA sequences found near the ends of chromosomes and are thought to help maintain their structural stability
cleave the vector DNA
restriction enzymes are used to
hybrid crops, increased crop yield, stronger crops, and production of human proteins
some of the uses of genetically modified plants are
exons
spliced together to produce a mRNA transcript that will undergo translation
functional genomics
the aim of __________ ______________ is to understand the function of the carious genes discovered within each genomic sequence
genome
the complete genetic makeup of any organism or virus is called its
proteome
the entire collection of proteins resulting from translation of genes is called a(n)
nucleotides and DNA polymerase
the main components necessary for the polymerase chain reaction to occur are
gene pharming
the production of pharmaceuticals using transgenic animals is called
1. DNA denaturation 2. DNA hybridization with primers 3. DNA extension by DNA polymerase
the steps in the polymerase chain reaction in the correct order
polymerase chain reaction
the technique that uses DNA polymerase with heating/cooling cycles to produce millions of copies of a particular piece of DNA is called
Recombinant DNA
the type of DNA that contains DNA from two or more different sources is called
gene cloning
the type of cloning through which identical copies of a functional unit of DNA are made is called
DNA ligase
this enzyme is used during recombinant DNA production to seal openings created by restriction enzymes
foreign DNA/electrical current
transgenic plants can be produced by allowing protoplasts to be suspended in a liquid containing ________ _______ and exposing it to a(n) ____________ ___________.
genetic profile
used to show an individual's genome
gel electrophoresis
used to study fragments of DNA, which separate according to their sizes on the gel
bioinformatics
uses computer technologies to analyze genomic and proteomic information
determining evolutionary relationships, comparing genomes over time, and finding model organisms to test human gene therapies
uses of comparative genomics include:
a root of a single hair, a flake of skin, a drop of semen
what can be used from crime scene investigations using PCR analyses
bacteria
which transgenic organisms are being used to produce insulin, give frost-resistance to plants, confer pesticide resistance to plants, and clean up oil spills
1. the end product of some DNA is RNA (not a protein) 2. some prokaryotes have RNA genes 3. genes can be split across several loci across the genome
why do we need a broader definition of gene
