bio ch 6-10 exam
The internal solute concentration of a plant cell is about 0.8M. To demonstrate plasmolysis, it would be necessary to suspend the cell in what solution?
1.0M
How many NADH and FADH2 are produced by the citric acid cycle per glucose
6 NADH and 2 FADH2
which of the following plant cells would exhibit the most turgor pressure
A cell placed in a hypotonic solution
which of the following is a correct difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion
Active transport requires energy from ATP, and facilitated diffusion does not.
How does cholesterol affect membrane fluidity?
At body temperature, it makes the membrane less fluid.
Cells A and B are the same size, shape, and temperature, but cell A is metabolically less active than cell B; cell B is actively converting oxygen to water in cellular respiration. Oxygen will diffuse more rapidly into cell __________ because __________.
B; the diffusion gradient in cell B is steeper
Why is energy required for active transport?
Because it moves solutes against their concentration gradient
If a red blood cell and a plant cell were placed in seawater, what would happen to the two types of cells?
Both cells would lose water; the red blood cell would shrivel, and the plant plasma membrane would pull away from the cell wall.
which of the following is false in respect to cells chromosomes
Chromosomes are only visible as a cell is about to divide.
which statement about the cytoskeleton is true
Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.
in terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization.
which of the following processes and organelle(s) accounts for the replacement of lipids and proteins lost from the plasma membrane
Exocytosis and smooth and rough ER
which of these statements describes some aspect of facilitated diffusion
Facilitated diffusion of solutes may occur through channel or transport proteins in the membrane.
which of the following statements about diffusion is true
It is a passive process.
which of the following statements concerning carbohydrates associated with the plasma membrane is correct
Membrane carbohydrates function primarily in cell-cell recognition.
which of the following statements about passive transport is correct
Passive transport permits the solute to move in either direction, but the net movement of the population of solute molecules occurs down the concentration gradient of the molecule.
which of the following statements about the role of phospholipids in the structure and function of biological membranes is correct
Phospholipids form a selectively permeable structure.
which of the following structural arrangements of the components in biological membranes facilitates the cell membranes property of selective permeability
Proteins embedded in two layers of phospholipids
How does the "fluid mosaic model" describe the structure of the plasma membrane?
Proteins in the membrane contribute to the mosaic quality of the membrane while the lateral and rotational movements of phospholipids contribute to its fluidity.
which of the following groups is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell
Ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
what is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane
Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.
red blood cells contain approximately a 2% concentration of solutes. a red blood cell is placed into a solution that contains a 4% concentration of solutes to which the cell is not permeable. what will happen to the red blood cell
The cell will decrease in size as water flows out of it.
Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?
The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.
During which process is molecular oxygen produced in photosynthesis?
The light reactions by linear electron flow
A cell is placed into a solution and the cell shrinks. Which of the following is true regarding the solution?
The solution is hypertonic.
which of the following is correct regarding peripheral proteins
These proteins are found only on the surface of the plasma membrane.
which of the following is correct regarding integral proteins
These proteins exhibit both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties
which of the following would be least likely to diffuse through a plasma membrane without the help of a transport protein
a large polar molecule
the extra cellular matrix of the animal cell has all of the following molecular components except
a middle lamella
which of the following substances would be most likely to pass through the plasma membrane without the help of a transport protien
a nonpolar molecule, such as a hydrocarbon
enzymes
all of the answers are correct
the c4 pathway is an alternative method for plants like sugar cane and corn to
all of the answers are correct
Ribosomes are composed of
both RNA and proteins
in photosynthesis, plants use carbon from ______ to make sugar and other organic molecules
carbon dioxide
which of the following molecules is most likely to passively diffuse across the plasma membrane
carbon dioxide
what function do carbohydrates fulfill in the plasma membrane
cell-to-cell recognition
the organelle that is a plant cells compartment for the storage of inorganic ions such as potassium and chloride is the
central vacuole
animal cells have unique organelles called ________ that are composed of structures called _______
centrosomes; centrioles
in facilitated diffusion, _______ proteins provide openings in the plasma membrane for substances to flow through without changing structure, and _____ proteins allow passage of substances through the plasma membrane aged undergoing a subtle change in shape
channel; carrier
Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components?
cilia
during the process of chemiosmosis, catalysis of the phosphorylation of ADP happens after protons are pumped through a spinning complex called
electron pump
A nursing infant is able to obtain disease-fighting antibodies, which are large protein molecules, from its mother's milk. These molecules probably enter the cells lining the baby's digestive tract via which process?
endocytosis
cells that have a high membrane bound nucleus are referred to as being
eukaryotic
the function of cellular respiration is to
extract usable energy from glucose
Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through which of the following structures
gap junctions
Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they __________.
have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm
Observing a fluorescent micrograph cell with intermediate filaments would help you identify the cell as a __________.
human skin cell
A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________.
in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized __________.
in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus
the network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in a cell
is the cytoskeleton
all cells have voltages across their membranes. this voltage is call a(n) ______ and is often maintained by _______
membrane potential; electrogenic pumps
the endosymbiont theory explains the origins of
mitochondria and chloroplasts
which structure is common to plant and animal cells
mitochondrion
as the temperature changes, some fish are able to change the composition of their membranes to compensate. as temperature drops, which of the following changes do you predict
more unsaturated phospholipids and more cholesterol
cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the followufb
motor proteins
Microfilaments function in cell motility including
muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, and cytoplasmic streaming in plants
which is not an organelle
none of the above
the endoplasmic reticulum is part of the endomembrane system, which also includes the
nuclear envelope, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles
in prokaryotes, chromosomal DNA is located in the
nucleoid
the region of a bacterial cell that contains the genetic material is called the
nucleoid
cells are small because
of the geometric relationships between surface and volume
__________ are membrane-bound metabolic compartments that specialize in the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and its conversion to water.
peroxisomes
which of the following molecules are most abundant in the plasma membrane
phospholipids
which of the following cell structures exhibits selective permeability between a cell and its external environment
plasma membrane
Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through __________.
plasmodesmata
cell junctions in plant cells are called _______, and communicating junctions in animal calls are called ________
plasmodesmata; gap junctions
A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely involved in which of the following processes
producing large quantities of proteins for secretion
in preparing lyrics te to enter the citric acid cycle, which of the following steps occurs
pyruvate is oxidized and decarboxylated, and the removed electrons are used to reduce a NAD+ to an NADH
use the cycle given below to answer the following question: in the reaction between malate and oxaloacetate [#8], NAD+ is going to be ______ and malate is going to be ______
reduced; oxidized
which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell
ribosomes
which of the following structures are found in plant, animal, and bacterial cells
ribosomes
You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to __________.
secrete a lot of protein
where does the calvin cycle of photosynthesis occur
stroma
the smooth endoplasmic reticulum has several distinct roles. which of these is not one of these roles
synthesis of proteins by ribosomes
evidence that supports the prokaryotic origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts are all of the following except
that mitochondria and chloroplasts have multiple copies of linear DNA molecules associated with their inner membranes
in eukaryotic cells, where do some ribosomes carry out protein synthesis
the cytoplasm
release of heat energy from a moving person is a demonstration of
the first law of thermodynamics
A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through __________.
the plasma membrane
the plasma membrane exhibits selective permeability. this means that
the plasma membrane allows some substances to flow through it more easily than others
the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is
to synthesize proteins that are secreted as glycoproteins
the sodium-potassium pump
transports sodium ions out of the cell and transports potassium ions into the cell
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts __________.
use chemiosmosis to produce ATP
Cell motility, which includes changes both in cell location and in the movement of cell parts, requires interactions of the cytoskeleton __________.
with motor proteins