Bio Ch8 Homework

Which of the following is a true statement regarding strokes?

Immediate medical care is crucial to recovery.

Which of the following represents the correct order in which electrical impulses will pass through the heart?

SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers

People who produce very little saliva often have more cavities. What is the best explanation for this?

Since saliva normally helps neutralize acid and replace minerals on teeth, a lack of saliva leads to more cavities.

If the cardiovascular center in the brain sensed a drop in blood pressure, which of the following would occur?

Vasoconstriction of the arterioles would occur.

Which one of the following is a symptom of a heart attack? A: increased cardiac output B: pain in the right chest that radiates down the right arm C: pain in the knees D: intense chest pain E: normal breathing

D: Intense chest pain

Why does the post-Medieval skull in the video have such bad teeth?

Diets during this time period were high in sugar.

What is the direct cause of demineralization of the enamel on teeth?

acids produced by bacteria

Which of the following is/are involved in regulating blood pressure?

all of these (heart, cardiovascular center in medulla oblongata, baroreceptors)

What best describes an angiogram?

an x-ray picture of blood vessels

The process by which a small balloon is used to widen a narrowed blood vessel is called balloon ________.

angioplasty

Life-threatening aneurisms are most likely to occur in the

arteries

When blood leaves the heart, it first enters

arteries

__________ carry blood away from the heart and __________ carry blood toward the heart.

arteries;veins

As the blood travels through the circulatory system, the greatest drop in pressure occurs in the __________.

arterioles

Which of the choices represents the order of vessels through which blood passes after leaving the heart?

artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein

Atrioventricular (AV) valves prevent blood from flowing backward into the __________.

atria

Which of the following can increase your risk of atherosclerosis?

avoiding exercise

Which of the following is true? Heart disease is caused by the presence of bacteria in the blood. Heart disease causes periodontal disease. There is a correlation between periodontal disease and heart disease. Periodontal disease causes heart disease.

c: there is a correlation between periodontal disease and heart disease

Exchange of nutrients and gases between blood and tissues is the primary function of

capillaries

Which blood vessel is best suited for exchange of gases and nutrients with the surrounding tissue?

capillary

A pacemaker is used to correct __________.

cardiac arrhythmias

Arthrosclerosis is a condition that results in a thickening of arterial walls due to buildup of fatty deposits containing

cholesterol

In a weakened heart, the heart begins to pump less blood, resulting in blood backing up in the veins causing pressure in veins and capillaries to rise. This condition is called

congestive heart failure

Angina pectoris includes a number of symptoms that indicate there may be insufficient blood flow to the ________.

coronary arteries

Blood pumped from the right ventricle is ________ and enters the ________.

deoxygenated; pulmonary trunk

The best definition of Korotkoff sounds would be ________.

ethe sounds heard through the stethoscope caused by the contracting and relaxing of the ventricles during the cardiac cycle

True or false. The circulatory system of humans is composed of two circulatory loops: the systemic circulation, in which blood flows between the heart and lungs, and the pulmonary circulation, in which blood flows between the heart and the rest of the body.

false: The pulmonary circulation pumps blood from the heart to the lungs, whereas the systemic circulation pumps blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

A rapid irregular contraction of the ventricles is known as ventricular ________.

fibrillation

Balloon angioplasty __________.

increases blood flow to the heart

Vasodilation of arterioles __________ their diameter, __________ blood flow to the capillaries.

increases; increasing

From the pulmonary veins, blood flows to the _____.

left atrium

An electrocardiogram is used to

measure the electrical activity of the heart

Which layer of a large blood vessel's wall will be primarily smooth muscle?

middle layer

The left ventricle has a more muscular wall than the other three chambers of the heart because the left ventricle

must generate enough blood pressure to pump blood into the aorta and throughout the body

A heart attack occurs as a result of __________.

narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries

Cardiovascular disorders are the number ________ cause of death in the United States.

one

Blood pressure in veins is lower than that in arteries, and a series of ________ are necessary to prevent backflow of blood.

one-way valves

The movement of blood through the pulmonary circuit transports __________

oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

When speaking about the circulatory system, we know that ________.

oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle and travels to all parts of the body; it then returns to the heart and enters the right atrium

What is the direct cause of gum disease?

plaque formed by bacteria

From the capillaries of the abdominal organs and hind limbs, blood flows to the _____.

posterior vena cava

These structures serve as gates that regulate blood flow from arterioles into capillaries.

precapillary sphincters

Which of the following might be treated appropriately by administering clot-dissolving drugs?

pulmonary embolism

Which one of the following blood vessels transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

pulmonary vein

Blood returns to the heart via the _____.

pulmonary veins

The sinoatrial node

regulates the rate of heart contraction

Which vein(s) carry oxygenated blood?

right and left pulmonary veins

From the anterior vena cava, blood flows to the _____.

right atrium

After blood flows through the right atrium of the heart, its next major destination is the

right ventricle

Dentists sometimes give a patient antibiotics after a teeth-cleaning procedure, especially if the patient is older or has heart disease. What is the best explanation for this?

Antibiotics help kill the bacteria that move from the mouth to the bloodstream, and prevent the bacteria from contributing to atherosclerosis.

During which event of the cardiac cycle is systolic blood pressure measured?

Blood flows into the relaxed atria while the ventricles contract.

What best describes how the heart influences the force that blood exerts on the wall of a blood vessel?

blood pressure

Which of the following might cause the heart rate to increase from 68 beats/minbeats/min to 120 beats/minbeats/min?

both epinephrine and stimulation via sympathetic nerves

Electrical impulses that stimulate contraction of heart muscles are initiated in the

sinoatrial node

The function of the heart valves is ________.

to prevent backflow from the ventricles to the atria and from the great vessels back to the ventricles

________ prevent the back flow of blood in veins.

valves

Permanently swollen veins, common in the legs and feet, are known as ________.

varicose veins

The atrioventricular valves are closed when the

ventricles contract