Bio Diversity Review Questions (Exam 3)

Animal tissues develop from embryonic germ layers. Triploblastic animals have three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) and three basic body plans related to body cavities (acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, and coelomate). Select the three statements that are true. To review the germ layers and the terminology associated with body cavities, see the Hints. A diploblast has no mesoderm. In a pseudocoelomate, the tissue lining the inner side of the body cavity arises from the same germ layer as the muscles. In a coelomate, the tissue lining the inner side of the body cavity arises from the same germ layer as the tissue lining the outer side of the body cavity. In a coelomate, the tissue lining the inner side of the body cavity arises from the same germ layer as the lining of the digestive tract. A pseudocoelom has the same functions as a true coelom. The digestive tract of a coelomate functions as a coelom. An acoelomate triploblast has no endoderm.

A diploblast has no mesoderm In a coelomate, the tissue lining the inner side of the body cavity arises from the same germ layer as the tissue lining the outer side of the body cavity A pseudocoelom has the same functions as a true coelom

Which type of symmetry does each of the following animals display? sponge, jellyfish, hydra, bobcat, turtle, snake, octopus

Asymmetry: Sponge Radial Symmetry: Jelly, Hydra Bilateral Symmetry: Bobcat, Turtle, Snake, Octopus

What impact will the loss of land plants have on the soil? See Section 28.1 (Page) Decrease surface temperature Increase biodiversity of soil-dwelling invertebrates Decrease soil stability Increase nutrient levels

Decrease soil stability

A mutualistic relationship between plants and fungi can be determined experimentally by _____. See Section 29.3 (Page) an increase in labeled nitrogen in fungi an increase of labeled carbon in plants an increase in labeled phosphorus in fungi an increase in labeled carbon in fungi

an increase in labeled carbon in fungi

In moss, _____ produce sperm. protonemata archegonia embryos antheridia sporangia

antheridia

Most fungi are _____. photoautotrophs decomposers herbivores carnivores chemoautotrophs

decomposers

You study tardigrades in their tun state. What is this? Just before desiccation. Just after they are reanimated. When they are highly active. When they are desiccated.

when they are desiccated.

The term gymnosperm refers to plants _____. See Section 28.2 (Page) that flower that are non-vascular with "naked seeds" with seeds protected within a fruit

with "naked seeds"

Fungi release digestive enzymes into their _____. surroundings gastrovascular cavity stomach hyphae mycelia

surroundings

Which of the following is most likely to be aquatic? mass feeder suspension feeder deposit feeder fluid feeder

suspension feeder

An adult animal that possesses bilateral symmetry would most likely be _____. coelomates diploblastic triploblastic a deuterostome

triploblastic

Read this Science Daily article and then answer the questions. Tardigrades Use Unique Protein to Protect Themselves from Desiccation Which of the following is least likely to survive rapid drying out? -A tardigrade that turns on TDP when desiccation begins. -A tardigrade with TDP always turned on. -A tardigrade with TDP always turned off. -A tardigrade that turns off TDP when desiccation begins.

A tardigrade with TDP always turned off.

Most fungi are decomposers; they recycle the nutrients from nonliving organic matter. Other fungi are specialized to live in symbiotic relationships with other organisms. Some fungi live as parasites and others as mutualists. Most plants, in fact, could not survive and grow without their fungal partner. This table lists some examples of different fungal strategies for obtaining nutrients. -fungi in asso. with a fallen log -fungi in asso. with a dead rabbit -coprophilous fungi -Trichophyton spp. -mycorrhizal fungi on pine tree roots -fungi in the family Lepiotaceae -Cryphonectria parasitica -Cordyceps spp. -Septobasidium spp. and an individual scale insect infected by fungal hyphae

Decomposer: -fungi in asso. with a fallen log -fungi in asso. with a dead rabbit -coprophilous fungi Mutualist: -mycorrhizal fungi on pine tree roots -fungi in the family Lepiotaceae Parasite: -Trichophyton spp. -Cryphonectria parasitica -Cordyceps spp. -Septobasidium spp. and an individual scale insect infected by fungal hyphae

Which of these represents the sporophyte generation of the moss life cycle?

E. This is the young diploid sporophyte.

What important role does lignin play in vascular plants? It nourishes the embryo in seed plants. It forms the outer layer of pollen grains. It is the major component of the cuticle, which prevents plants from drying out. It forms the tough, rigid cell walls of water-conducting cells.

It forms the tough, rigid cell walls of water-conducting cells.

Read this Science Daily article and then answer the questions. Tardigrades Use Unique Protein to Protect Themselves from Desiccation A new intrinsically disordered protein is discovered. Which of the following is true about this molecule? - It lacks a fixed 3-D structure. - It is regulated by RNA instead of DNA. - It originated in cyanobacteria. - It contains a synthetic base pair in its DNA

It lacks a fixed 3-D structure.

Determine whether each of the following terms applies to only protostomes, only deuterostomes, both protostomes and deuterostomes, or neither. Drag each item to the appropriate bin. mouth from blastopore spiral, determinate cleavage radial, indeterminate cleavage anus from blastopore coelom from solid masses of mesoderm coelom from folds of archenteron

PROTOSTOME: mouth from blastopore spiral, determinate cleavage coelom from solid masses of mesoderm DEUTEROSTOME: coelom from folds of archenteron radial, indeterminate cleavage anus from blastopore

Which of these time intervals, based on plant fossils, came last (most recently)? carboniferous swamps with giant horsetails and lycophytes rise and diversification of angiosperms colonization of land by early liverworts and mosses Silurian-Devonian explosion with fossils of plant lineages containing most of the major morphological innovations extensive growth of gymnosperm forests

Rise and diversification of angiosperms

The following statements describe something about the body structures or functions of fungi. Identify those statements that are correct. -All fungi are heterotrophs; some species live as decomposers and others as symbionts. -Nutrients can flow through the entire mycelium in fungi with coenocytic hyphae, but not in fungi with septate hyphae. -Mycelia are made up of small-diameter hyphae that form an interwoven mass, providing more surface area for nutrient absorption. -Cellulose gives rigidity and strength to the cell walls of fungi. -Some fungi secrete digestive enzymes into the environment and then absorb the digested nutrients. -Some fungi can grow as either filamentous or single-celled forms.

Some fungi can grow as either filamentous or single-celled forms. Mycelia are made up of small-diameter hyphae that form an interwoven mass, providing more surface area for nutrient absorption. All fungi are heterotrophs; some species live as decomposers and others as symbionts. Some fungi secrete digestive enzymes into the environment and then absorb the digested nutrients.

Read this Science Daily article and then answer the questions. Tardigrades Use Unique Protein to Protect Themselves from Desiccation Which of the following is true? - Tardigrades, yeast and brine shrimp use the same means to survive desiccation. - Tardigrades, yeast and nematodes use the same means to survive desiccation. - Yeast, nematodes and brine shrimp use the same means to survive desiccation. - Tardigrades, nematodes and brine shrimp use the same means to survive desiccation.

Yeast, nematodes and brine shrimp use the same means to survive desiccation.

Part A - Structure of multicellular fungi This diagram shows the structure of a multicellular fungus, with an expanded view of two types of hyphae. Identify the structures and determine which hypha is septate and which is coenocytic. (Note that although this diagram shows the two types of hyphae, a fungus can have either one type or the other, but not both.) Drag the labels to their appropriate locations on the diagram of the fungus and hyphae below.

a. mycelium b. pore c. septum d. septate hypha e. coenocytic hypha

Which of the four major types of fungi exhibit alternation of generations? See Section 29.3 (Page) basidiomycetes ascomycetes zygomycetes chytrids

chytrids

Cuticle, stomata, and vascular tissue are all key adaptations enabling land plants to _____. See Section 28.3 (Page) reproduce more quickly colonize land grow more quickly survive better in aquatic environments

colonize land

Which of the following was a challenge to the survival of the first land plants? a shortage of carbon dioxide too much sunlight animal predation desiccation

desiccation

Angiosperms are the most successful terrestrial plants. Which of the following features is unique to them and helps account for their success? sperm cells without flagella embryos enclosed within seed coats wind pollination dominant gametophytes fruit enclosing seeds

fruit enclosing seeds

Fungal mycelia _____. See Section 29.2 (Page) have a small surface area to prevent water loss lack cell walls have a large surface area composed of branching hyphae are found almost exclusively in dry areas

have a large surface area composed of branching hyphae

What reproductive trait is associated with terrestrial environments? See Section 30.3 (Page) Sexual reproduction External fertilization Internal fertilization Asexual reproduction

internal fertilization

An organism that exhibits cephalization probably also _____. is segmented has a coelom has a hydrostatic skeleton is bilaterally symmetrical is diploblastic

is bilaterally symmetrical

You discover a new subspecies of brine shrimp. In its desiccated form, which of the following do you find? It is full of liquid water. It has converted its water to hydrogen peroxide. It contains glass-like solids. It contains countless water crystals

it contains glass-like solids.

Basidia produce spores by a process known as _____. decomposition mitosis meiosis hyphae binary fission

meiosis

In mosses gametes are produced by _____; in ferns gametes are produced by _____. binary fission ... mitosis meiosis ... meiosis mitosis ... meiosis meiosis ... mitosis mitosis ... mitosis

mitosis ... mitosis - In both, gametes are produced by haploid gametophytes.

The sperm produced by mosses require _____ to reach an archegonium. animals the development of a flower wind light moisture

moisture

Which tissue type, or organ, is NOT correctly matched with its germ layer tissue? nervous: mesoderm skin: ectoderm skeletal: mesoderm stomach: endoderm muscular: mesoderm

nervous: mesoderm

Most fish deposit fertilized eggs, but some sharks keep the fertilized egg inside the female until she gives birth to a relatively well-developed pup. These sharks would thus be characterized as _____. oviparous ovoviviparous live-bearing viviparous

ovoviviparous

Mushrooms, brackets, and puffballs are examples of structures used for _____. See Section 29.2 (Page) nutrient absorption reproduction photosynthesis food storage

reproduction

Fruit is most important in facilitating _____. See Section 28.3 (Page) pollination spore production fertilization seed dispersal

seed dispersal

Which of these are spore-producing structures? sporophyte (capsule) of a moss gametophyte of a moss antheridium of a moss or fern archegonium of a moss or fern

sporophyte (capsule) of a moss