bio exam review

If there are 50 kcal of energy in the tertiary consumer trophic level, how many kcal would be expected in the primary consumer level? a. 50 b. 100 c. 500 d. 5 ,000

5000

Both members of a couple are carriers for an autosomal recessive disease allele. If the couple has four children, which of the following statements must be true? a. One of the children has the disease. b. Two of the children have the disease. c. All of the male children have the disease. d. Fifty percent of the children could be carriers of the disease.

Fifty percent of the children could be carriers of the disease.

Ezra has XYY sex chromosomes, a disorder known as Jacob's syndrome. Despite this condition, his only symptom is being slightly taller than average. Select the correct description of his sex chromosome abnormality. a. His mother contributed an egg with two Y chromosomes. b. His mother contributed an egg with both an X and a Y chromosome. c. His father contributed a sperm with both an X and a Y chromosome. d. His father contributed a sperm with two Y chromosomes.

His father contributed a sperm with two Y chromosomes.

What is the importance of photosynthesis to organisms other than plants? a. All other organisms require carbon dioxide for life processes. b. The sugars made during photosynthesis are the direct building blocks of DNA. c. All cells must contain chloroplasts in order to survive. d. Photosynthesis captures energy that other organisms access when they ingest or absorb nutrients from photosynthetic organisms.

Photosynthesis captures energy that other organisms access when they ingest or absorb nutrients from photosynthetic organisms.

If a man is affected by an X-linked recessive condition and his wife is a carrier, what is the probability of their children being affected? a. All sons will be affected. b. Half of their sons will be affected. c. All daughters will be affected. d. Half of their sons will be carriers.

a. Half of their sons will be affected.

Convergent evolution occurs when natural selection causes distantly related organisms to a. evolve into the same species despite the fact that they are members of separate populations. b. merge into one continuous population because of reversals in continental drift. c. evolve both analogous and homologous characteristics. d. evolve similar structures in response to similar environmental challenges.

a. evolve similar structures in response to similar environmental challenges.

The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by __________ bonds between their base pairs. a. hydrogen b. amino acid c. phosphate d. protein

a. hydrogen

The genetic material found in all living things is made of building blocks called a. nucleotides. b. monosaccharides. c. phospholipids. d. steroids.

a. nucleotides

The reliability of primary scientific literature is strengthened by the __________ process, in which the work is examined by other researchers in the same field. For instance, a scientific paper examining the evolution of tetrapods would be reviewed by other evolutionary biologists and paleontologists. a. peer-review b. basic research c. applied research d. random research

a. peer-review

Neanderthal fossils a. are likely to be found in layers above human fossils. b. are likely to be found in layers below human fossils. c. provide evidence of artificial selection during ancient times. d. disprove evolutionary theory because they are not ancestors of humans.

are likely to be found in layers below human fossils.

An organism that creates its own energy through a process like photosynthesis is called a a. Autotroph b. Heterotroph c. Consumer d. Herbivore

autotroph

Consider a gene with two alleles. One of the alleles is dominant over the other allele. When two heterozygotes for this gene breed, they have a 25 percent chance of producing a homozygous recessive offspring. The next time these two individuals breed, what are the chances that they will once again have a homozygous recessive progeny? a. 0 percent b. 25 percent c. 50 percent d. 75 percent

b. 25 percent

Although it seems contradictory, real science does not intend to "prove" a hypothesis to be true. This is because a. all true hypotheses will be rejected by the scientific method because they can be proven false. b. future experiments or discoveries may provide data that refute the hypothesis. c. science is a human endeavor, and like all human endeavors, it is limited by human understanding. d. the scientific method is limited to examination of the natural world.

b. future experiments or discoveries may provide data that refutes the hypothesis

Sodium chloride (table salt) is formed when positively charged sodium ions and negatively charged chloride ions are chemically attracted to each other. This attraction is best described as a(n) a. hydrogen bond. b. ionic bond. c. covalent bond. d. solution.

b. ionic bond

Cells naturally, without using energy, respond to changes in water concentration through the process of a. endocytosis. b. osmosis. c. phagocytosis. d. active transport.

b. osmosis

Which of the following is a similarity between photosynthesis and respiration? a. Neither is a metabolic process. b. They are both metabolic processes. c. Neither is an anabolic process. d. They are both mainly anabolic processes.

b. they are both metabolic processes

Which of the following statements is true of chloroplasts? a. They produce proteins used by other parts of the cell. b. They capture energy from sunlight. c. They give an animal cell its shape. d. They contain an entire copy of a cell's genetic material.

b. they capture energy from sunlight

Cutting down trees in a forest can affect the flow of a river. This is an example of a(n) __________ factor affecting a(n) __________ factor. a. biotic; biotic b. abiotic; biotic c. biotic; abiotic d. abiotic; abiotic

biotic; abiotic

Ecologists study __________ factors. a. only biotic b. only abiotic c. both biotic and abiotic d. neither biotic nor abiotic

both biotic and abiotic

Suppose D were dominant and d were recessive, and you could label the D allele in the P generation with a radioactive substance that could be inherited over several generations. You create hybrids by mating your radioactive DD individuals to dd individuals. Next, you cross two F1 individuals (with the Dd genotype). Among the 1,000 F2 offspring, how many would you predict would be radioactive? a. 250 b. 500 c. 750 d. 1,000

c. 750

A researcher in a laboratory tests a food item and identifies protein in it. The food item must also contain a. glucose. b. lipids. c. amino acids. d. nucleotides.

c. amino acids

A researcher is recording the process of bacterial cell division using time-lapse microscopy. Which of the following processes would be observed? a. meiosis b. mitosis c. binary fission d. either meiosis or mitosis, depending on the growth conditions

c. binary fission

Some daughter cells are described as clones. For this description to be appropriate, the daughter cells must a. result from sexual reproduction. b. belong to a multicellular organism. c. contain a set of DNA that is identical to that of the parent cell. d. have been produced by meiotic cell division.

c. contain a set of DNA that is identical to that of the parent cell

Martin observes a wet mount slide preparation using the compound light microscope in the lab room. He observes layers of cells that have a definite, rigid, rectangular shape; there appears to be a nucleus in all of the cells and there are many oval-shaped green structures that seem to be moving around inside of the cells in an orderly fashion. What general cell type is he most likely observing? a. prokaryotic and plant b. prokaryotic and animal c. eukaryotic and plant d. eukaryotic and animal

c. eukaryotic and plant

While on a camping trip, Brian collects a white tadpole from a pond and takes it home. The tadpole develops into a white bullfrog. When the frog gets too big, he releases it into a local pond. The next year, several white bullfrogs are observed in the pond. This is an example of a. conjugation. b. natural selection. c. gene flow. d. sexual selection.

c. gene flow

In animals, the outcome of meiosis is the a. creation of genetically identical offspring. b. protection of cells from cancer. c. production of eggs and sperm. d. regulation of the progression through the cell cycle.

c. production of eggs and sperm

Carbon dioxide is one product of a metabolic process, which occurs in both plants and animals. This process is called a. catalysis. b. glycolysis. c. respiration. d. photosynthesis.

c. respiration

Close ecological interactions between two different species may lead to a. allopatric speciation. b. sympatric speciation. c. coevolution. d. geographic isolation.

coevolution

Which of the following statements most accurately describes a selectively permeable membrane? a. Solutes always move across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. b. Charged molecules are always excluded from crossing the membrane. c. All substances require specific transport proteins to pass through the membrane. d. Certain solutes move freely across the membrane by simple diffusion, while others require transport proteins; some substances are completely excluded from crossing the membrane.

d. Certain solutes move freely across the membrane by simple diffusion, while others require transport proteins; some substances are completely excluded from crossing the membrane.

Which of the following would NOT be a situation where your own scientific literacy would be helpful in decision-making? a. Should I send my child to a school that requires my child be vaccinated according to the vaccination schedule recommended by the Centers for Disease Control? a. Should I send my child to a school that requires my child be vaccinated according to the vaccination schedule recommended by the Centers for Disease Control? b. Should I pay to store umbilical cord blood when my baby is born? c. Should I vote to support a new oil pipeline through a sensitive natural area? d. Is the space travel in Star Wars really possible?

d. Is the space travel in Star Wars really possible?

Mitochondria are required for a. photosynthesis. b. export of proteins. c. mitosis. d. cellular respiration.

d. cellular respiration

An acid is a polar substance that dissolves in water and a. becomes nonpolar. b. leaves behind an OH- ion. c. accepts hydrogen ions from the solution. d. donates hydrogen ions to the solution.

d. donates hydrogen ions to the solution

A carwash attendant offers to treat Martin's windshield with a protective agent. This substance coats the glass, causing beads of water to easily roll off during a rain shower. Which of the following must be correct about the protective agent? a. It resists temperature changes well. b. It must be an acid. c. It is a polar substance. d. It must be hydrophobic.

d. hydrophobic

Which of the following is LEAST likely to include unchecked bias when making scientific statements? a. political groups b. religious groups c. marketing groups d. peer-reviewed scientific journals

d. peer-reviewed scientific journals

The permeability of a phospholipid bilayer membrane for a particular substance can be increased with help from transport a. carbohydrates. b. phospholipids. c. receptors. d. proteins.

d. proteins

O2, also referred to as atmospheric oxygen, is formed by a covalent bond between two oxygen atoms. This type of bond involves oxygen atoms a. releasing protons. b. releasing electrons. c. sharing protons. d. sharing electrons.

d. sharing electrons

Which of the following could be built solely from glucose molecules? a. fatty acids b. DNA c. oils d. starch

d. starch

Some protists break down waste material by consuming dead organisms and releasing nutrients into the environment to be reused by producers and cycled back into the food chain. These protists are a. decomposers. b. producers. c. autotrophs. d. auxotrophs.

decomposers

Two different species may have similar features because of a. continental drift. b. the fossil record. c. artificial selection. descent from a common ancestor.

descent from a common ancestor

For a population to evolve, there must be genetic differences between organisms in that population. These differences arise by a. mutation. b. a change in an organism's behavior. c. natural selection. d. common descent.

natural selection

Peppered moths are generally light in color and blend into the trunks of the trees on which they live. Populations of peppered moths found in areas where soot has blackened the tree trunks are dark in color. This example demonstrates a. artificial selection. b. natural selection. c. genetic drift. d. vestigial coloration.

natural selection

Fossils found in deeper layers are __________ than fossils found in more shallow layers. a. older b. younger c. more informative d. less informative

older

Natural selection acts directly on __________ that increase survival and reproductive success. a. genotypes b. allele frequencies c. bottlenecks d. phenotypes

phennotypes

A researcher studying a group of individuals of the same species living and interacting in a shared environment is said to be working at the level of a a. biome. b. biosphere. c. community. d. population.

population

A Punnett square is used to a. determine the source of new alleles. b. determine how many genes control a given trait. c. predict the gametes that will be produced by an organism. d. predict the genotypes and phenotypes of a genetic cross.

predict the genotypes and phenotypes of a genetic cross.

When humans consume rice, they occupy which trophic level of a food chain? a. primary consumer b. secondary consumer c. tertiary consumer d. primary producer

primary consumer

1. Scientific understanding can always be challenged, and even changed, with new ways of observing and with different interpretations. For example, new tools and techniques have resulted in new observations and the discovery of additional information. Hence, there is no certainty in science, only degrees of probability (likelihood) and potential for change. In light of this understanding, which of the following statements is most meaningful?

scientific knowledge is based on current knowledge

A scientific hypothesis must be __________; if not, science cannot evaluate it

testable

1. When scientists generate a single informed, logical, and plausible explanation for a question and observations of the natural world, they are proposing a scientific _____

theory

Fossils of organisms that lived on Pangaea are likely found a. mainly in Africa. b. mainly in Eurasia. c. mainly in South America. d. widely dispersed throughout the world.

widely dispersed throughout the world.