Bio Final- Exam 6 Multiple Choice Questions

Uranium-235, with a half-life of 713,000,000 years, decays to Lead-207. If a rock sample is determined to have one-quarter of the uranium-235 content it had when it formed, the age of the rock sample can be estimated to be approximately __________ years old. A. 28.5 billion B. 713. million C. 1.4 billion D. 178 million

1.4 billion

Mesozoic Era

251-65 million years ago

Precambrian

4.6 billion-542 million years ago

Paleozoic Era

542-251 million years ago

Cenozoic Era

65 million years ago to present

In the image above, the aquatic organism moves using flagella. It is parasitic and can colonate and reproduce in the human intestine. What type of organism could this be? https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Giardia_muris_trophozoite_SEM_11643.jpg/300px-Giardia_muris_trophozoite_SEM_11643.jpg A. Phytoplankton B. A protozoan C. Seaweed D. A slime mold

A Protozoan

Which of the following describes allopatric speciation? A. A male horse and a female donkey mate, producing a sterile hinny B. One population breeds in the fall; another population breeds in the spring C. A tetraploid plant species evolves from a diploid ancestor. Both the tetraploid and diploid species are found in the same habitat D. A population of squirrels is separated by the Grand Canyon. The two subpopulations evolve into two distinct species.

A population of squirrels is separated by the Grand Canyon. The two subpopulations evolve into two distinct species.

The type of reproductive barrier that occurs when two species mate but produce sterile hybrids is referred to as ___________. A. Temporal isolation B. A post-zygotic barrier C. Mechanical isolation D. A pre-zygotic barrier

A post-zygotic barrier

The production of sterile male ligers is an example of __________. A. A post-zygtic barrier B. The founder effect C. A pre-zygotic barrier D.. Sympatric speciation

A post-zygtic barrier

The natural differences n the range of wild tigers and lions is an example of __________. A. A post-zygotic barrier B. The impact of mutations C. Sympatric speciation D. A pre-zygotic barrier

A pre-zygotic barrier

A reproductive barrier that prevents individuals from closely related species from interbreeding is an example of __________. A. Geographic isolation B. A prezygotic barrier C. Sympatric speciation D. Allopatric speciation

A prezygotic barrier

Natural selection can be defined as __________. A. The productions od more offsprinf than can survive in a given environment B. A process in which organisms with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than individuals with other traits C. The evolution of population of organisms D. A process in which changes in gene frequencies result from evolution

A process in which organisms with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than individuals with other traits

Which protozoan group consists solely of parasitic forms? A. Flagellates B. Ciliates C. Amoebas D. Apicomplexans

Apicomplexans

The prokaryotic group that ends to inhabit extreme environments belongs to ___________. A. Protista B. Archaea C. Euglena D. Bacteria

Archaea

Which prokaryotic group is most closely related to eukaryotes? A. Archaea B. Protista C. Bacteria D. Bacteria and Archaea are equally closely related

Archaea

The biological species concept cannot be applied to ___________. A. Complex plants that have flowers B. Fungi that live on land C. Bacteria that reproduce only asexually D. Animals that use asexual and sexual reproduction

Bacteria that reproduce only asexually

What type of reproductive isolating mechanism is described by a situation in which female fireflies mate only with males who emit light in a particular pattern? A. Temporal isolation B. Behavioral isolation C. Mechanical isolation D. Habitat isolation

Behavioral isolation

Under the Biological Speces Concept, what criterion is used to assign populations of organisms to the same biological species? A. Being able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring B. A very similar appearance C. Having 99% of their genes in common D. Responding the the environment in the same way

Being able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Prokaryotes reproduce by means of ______________. A. Binary fission B. Budding C. Meiosis D. Mitosis

Binary fission

Genetic drift is the result of _____________. A. Environmental variation B. Natural selection C. A large gene pool D. Chance

Chance

Homology is evidence of ____________. A. Binomial classification B. Artificial selection C. Common ancestry D. Natural selection

Common ancestry

Analogous structures are evidence of ___________. A. Divergent evolution B. Common ancestry C. Convergent evolution D. Stabilizing selection

Convergent Evolution

Examine the evolutionary relationships represented in the following figure. Based upon this diagram, the two most closely related species are ___________. http://images.slideplayer.com/18/6179965/slides/slide_89.jpg A. Leopards and striped skunks B. Coyotes and wolves C. Leopards and European otters D. European otters and coyotes

Coyotes and Wolves

Dinosaurs (aside from the lineage that produced birds) were extinct by the end of the ____________. A. Eocene B. Permian C. Cretaceous D. Silurian

Cretaceous

A photoautotrophic unicellular organism with a shell made of silica is most likely a(n) __________. A. Diatom B. Dinoflagellate C. Foram D. Apicomplexan

Diatom

____________ are responsible for toxic red tides. A. Red algae B. Plasmodial slime molds C. Dinoflagellates D. Diatoms

Dinoflagellates

You discover a unicellular organism that moves by what appear to be pseudopodia. You conclude that this organism is ____________. A. A type of alga B. A type of bacterium C. Either a type of amoeba or a type of slime mold D. Either a type of ciliate or a type of apicomplexan

Either a type of amoeba or a type of slime mold.

Which of the following would likely be the most likely to kill you if you were to can your own food? A. Streptococci B. Biofilms C. Endospores Staphylococci

Endospores

Feathers in birds appear to have first evolved for insulation but later conveyed a new advantage in helping create light aerodynamic surfaces. the switch in function is an example of a(n) ____________. A. Paedomorphosis B. An analogy C. Exaptation D. An adaptation

Exaptation

Which of the following include the two classes of poisons produced by pathogenic bacteria? A. Protozoans and fungi B. Bacilli and cocci C. Exotoxins and endotoxins D. Chemoautotrophs and chemoheterotrophs

Exotoxins and endotoxins

In the Hardy-Weinberg formula, what does p^2 represent? A. Frequency of the dominant allele B. Frequency of the recessive allele C. Frequency of heterozygotes D. Frequency of the homozygotes for one allele

Frequency of the homozygotes for one allele

Which of the following is NOT a requirement of Natural Selection? A. Gene flow B. Overproduction of offspring C. Differential reproductive success D. Genetic Variation

Gene Flow

The total collection of allele in a population at any one time makes up that population's _____________. A. Genotype B. Heterozygote frequency C. Gene pool D. Allele frequency

Gene pool

Sympatric speciation specifically EXCLUDES ____________. A. Temporal isolation B. Geographic isolation C. Behavioral isolation D. Pozt-zygotic barriers

Geographic isolation

Which of the following are most closely related to plants? A. Brown algae B. Red algae C. Green algae D. Slime molds

Green algae

Which of the following would be an example of paedomorphosis? A. Rapid evolution in a small, isolated population B. Insects that can reproduce in larval stages without reaching mature development stages C. Starfish regenerating severed limbs D. Two species evolving a smilir appearance

Insects that can reproduce in larval stages without reaching mature development stages

The founder effect differs from a population bottleneck in that the founder effect _____________. A. Involves the isolation of a small colony of individuals from a larger population B. Is a type of natural selection C. Can occur only on an oceanic island colony D. Requires a small population

Involves the isolation of a small colony of individuals from a larger population

Which of the following prokaryotes aid digestion in cattle, deer, and other animals that obtain nutrition from cellulose? A. Dinoflagellates B. Methanogens C. Cocci D. Halophiles

Methanogens

Gene flow is accomplished by _____________. A. Migration B. Mutation C. Sexual recombination D. Natural selection

Migration

The common house mouse species, Mus musculus, has the following classification: Musculus, Mus , Muridae, Rodentia, Mammalia, Chordata, Animalia, Eukarya. What part of the name is the family? A. Rodentia B. Muridae C. Animalia D. Chordata

Muridae

Which one of the following can create new alleles? A. Mutation B. Genetic drift C. Sexual reproduction D. Natural selection

Mutation

The absence of _______ in the primitive atmosphere was essential to the origin of life on Earth. A. O2 B. N2 C. CO2 D. CH4

O2

Which of the following is an example of sexual selection? A. Cheetahs experienced a population bottleneck B. Female butterflies have a higher survival rate that male butterflies C. Bacteria evolve resistance to antibiotics D. Peahens choose to mate with peacocks that have the most beautiful tails.

Peahens choose to mate with peacocks that have the most beautiful tails.

What kind of protist is this? (click the link) http://static.inaturalist.org/photos/1472108/original.jpg?1420751836 A. Flagellate B. Foram C. Ciliate D. Plasmodial slime mold

Plasmodial slime mold

Eukaryotes that are not fungi, animals, or plants are classified in a "catch-all" category called ____________. A. Seaweeds B. Protists C. Bacteria D. Archaea

Protists

Flagellates, amoebas, apicomplexans, and ciliates are all what type of protist? A. Seaweeds B. Dinoflagellates C. Slime molds D. Protozoans

Protozoans

Why is RNA thought to have been the first genetic material? A. RNA has been found on meteorites B. RNA is structurally simpler than DNA C.Primitive organisms, such as some viruses, have RNA as their genetic material D. RNA is capable of self-replicating

RNA is capable of self-replicating

When two frog species, Rana pippins and Rana sylvatica, mate, the offspring die early in embryonic development. This is an example of ___________. A. Hybrid sterility B. Reduced hybrid fertility C. Mechanical isolation D. Reduced hybrid viability

Reduced hybrid viability

What does evolutionary fitness measure? A. Longevity B. Physical health C. Relative reproductive success D. Population size

Relative reproductive success

Natural selection _____________. A. Prepares organisms for future changes in the environment B. Is a very rare phenomenon C. Results in evolutionary adaptation D. Does not affect allelic frequencies

Results in evolutionary adaptation

____________ are large, multicellular, photosynthetic protists. A. Forams B. Seaweeds C. Dinoflagellates D. Cellular slime molds

Seaweeds

What was the first stage of the process that led to the abiotic origin of life? A. Formation of pre-cells B. Origin of self-replicating molecules C. Synthesis of polymers, such as proteins and nucleic acids D. Synthesis of monomers, such as amino acids and nucleotides.

Synthesis of monomers, such as amino acids and nucleotides.

Which of the following examples results from stabilizing selection? A. Garter snakes with different coloration patterns behave differently when threatened B. There is an increase in the number of different breeds of dogs. C. The birth weight at which newborn humans are most likely to survive and the average birthweight of newborn humans are about the same D. There is an increase in antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria

The birth weight at which newborn humans are most likely to survive and the average birthweight of newborn humans are about the same

All of the following are true EXCEPT one. Choose the exception. A. For most of biological history, life was confined to aquatic habitats. B. The first organisms to colonize land were animals. C. The great diversification of animals occurred during the Cambrian explosian D. The evolution of multicellularity took place after the origin of Eukaryotes

The first organisms to colonize land were animals.

The Permian mass extinction is associated with ___________. A. The diversification of mammals B. The formation of Pangaea C. An asteroid impact D. Global warming

The formation of Pangaea

Which of the following is a characteristic of a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? A. The population is subject to natural selection B. Gene flow in and out of the population occurs C. The population is not evolving D. Genetic drift is occuring

The population is not evolving

Which one of the following will prevent significant genetic drift? A. Gene flow is absent B. The population size is large C. There is genetic variation D. There is mutation

The population size is large.

___________ is an example of bioremediation. A. The use of an autoclave to kill endospores B. The use of prokaryotes to treat sewage C. Cyanobactera converting atmospheric nitrogen to a form that plants can use D. A dinoflagellate bloom causing massive fish kills

The use of prokaryotes to treat sewage

Applying the biological species concept, the sterility of ligers reveals that _________. A. Lions are probably subspecies of tigers B. Tigers and lions are separate species C. Tigers and lions are actually the same species D. A new species called "ligers" is forming

Tigers and lions are separate species