Bio Final Old Test Questions

A population of East TN lesser New England Patriot foxes is found to have many more homozygous individuals than expected. What does the result indicate? a. inbreeding is likely occurring. b. the population size is very large. c. the population is likely to be healthy. d. allelic diversity is high.

A

After bacterial reproduction, the daughter cells produced a. are identical to each other b. are genetically different c. have double the DNA content d. are different species

A

All of the following are true of algae, EXCEPT a. they are plants b. some are single celled c. they are autotrophs d. some are multi-celled

A

Amoebas use ____________ for movement. a. pseudopodia b. cilia c. flagella d. feet

A

Carnivorous plants like the Venus flytrap that eat insects are a. autotrophs b. heterotrophs

A

During the building of the London subway system in the late 1800s, a species of aboveground- dwelling mosquito expanded its distribution to include the underground tunnels, where it successfully lived and bred. In the late 1990s, scientists comparing the two groups of mosquitoes discovered that they are now different species. The most likely mode of reproductive isolation for these two species is: a. ecological isolation b. temporal isolation c. behavioral isolation d. gametic isolation

A

Gene flow can be described as changes in allele frequency due to a. populations mating with other populations b. mating within an isolated population c. populations undergoing natural selection d. nonrandom mating of the population

A

How would the resistance level of an antibiotic-sensitive variant in growth medium containing a low amount of antibiotics change over time? a. Resistance will remain low b. Resistance will remain medium c. Resistance will remain high d. Resistance will change from high, to medium, and finally low

A

Spotted skunks and striped skunks have overlapping habitat ranges, but no hybrid offspring are produced. Spotted skunks breed in the fall, striped skunks breed in the spring. This exemplifies a. temporal isolation b. gametic isolation c. behavioral isolation d. ecological isolation

A

The microbial symbiotic partner of the hydrothermal vent dwelling red plumed tube worm (Riftia pachyptila) most likely would use which of the following for its source of carbon? a. CO2 b. H2O c. CH4 d. C6H12O6

A

This gas began to accumulate between 3 and 2.5 billion years ago. a. oxygen b. hydrogen c. methane d. carbon dioxide

A

What organisms are thought to be the first cells to appear on earth? a. archaea b. bacteria c. slime molds d. fungi

A

Which of the following is likely to result in the GREATEST loss of allelic diversity? a. losing 50% of a population of 100 individuals b. losing 25% of a population of 100 individuals c. losing 25% of a population of 1000 individuals d. losing 50% of a population of 1000 individuals

A

You are a scientist who notices great similarity between the spines of a hedgehog and the spines of a porcupine. When you study their genetics, however, you notice that the set of genes that code for hedgehog spines is a different set of genes than the set that codes for porcupine spines. You decide this must be an example of a. convergent evolution b. divergent evolution c. coalescent evolution d. unifying evolution

A

All of the following are true of evolution, EXCEPT a. evolution leads to individuals with higher fitness than their predecessors b. individuals adapt their genes to improve survival c. the environment plays a large role in the process of evolution d. individuals with the most adaptive phenotypes have the most offspring e. evolution works through natural selection

B

Animal fossils usually have these structures. a. legs b. bony skeletons or hard shells c. cilia d. 6 pack of abs

B

Dictyostelium discoideum is a(n)_____________that has a complex lifecycle between single celled and multi- celled states involving the formation of a slug and ultimately the formation of a survival spore when nutrients become scarce. a. cyanobacteria b. cellular slime mold c. plasmodial slime mold d. amoeba

B

Evolution may best be explained as a... a. change in the frequency of proteins in a population over time b. change in the frequency of alleles in a population over time c. change in the number of individuals in a population over time d. change in the proportion of males to females in a population over time

B

In the Miller Urey experiment what happened to the carbon? a. created organic life and amino acids b. created organic compounds and amino acids c. created tiny organisms that were similar to early Earth d. it exploded like the academy awards ceremony for best picture

B

Most of Earth's biosphere is a. hot b. cold c. warm

B

Natural selection that favors survival of extreme phenotypes of a population is called a. directional selection b. diversifying selection c. stabilizing selection d. artificial selection

B

Order the following events from earliest to most recent. a. Tiktaalik, land plants, first multicellular eukaryotes, Great Oxidation Event, first prokaryotes b. first prokaryotes, Great Oxidation Event, first multicellular eukaryotes, land plants, Tiktaalik c. Great oxidation Event, first prokaryotes, first multicellular eukaryotes, land plants, Tiktaalik d. first multicellular eukaryotes, first prokaryotes, land plants, Great Oxidation Event, Tiktaalik

B

Plants get their carbon from a. soil b. air c. water d. sunlight

B

Refrigeration does NOT always stop food decomposition because __________ organisms are capable of growth at these temperatures. a. mesophilic b. psychrophilic c. thermophilic d. subzerophiles

B

The Black Queen hypothesis suggests a hypothesis consisting of ________________, where genes that are not necessary for competition in the environment are biased towards deletion. a. epigenetics b. genomic streamlining c. genetic drift d. genetic bottleneck

B

The first organisms on land likely were a. insects b. plants c. fish d. amphibians

B

The half-life of an isotope is 5,000 years. With a starting material of 1g of an isotope, after 5,000 years, how much would remain? a. 2g b. 0.5g c. 1g d. 0.25g

B

What do all members of the informal group known as protists have in common? a. nothing b. they are all eukaryotic c. they all carry out photosynthesis d. they are all human parasites

B

What term refers to the fine, hair like bristles that aid in adhesion in prokaryotic organisms? a. flagella b. pili c. ribosomes d. cilia

B

What type of microscope would be best for studying the detailed image of a chloroplast in a bacterial cell? a. Light microscope b. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) c. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) d. Stereoscope

B

Which describes plant groups in order of terrestrial adaptations from earliest to the most recent? a. ferns, bryophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms b. bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms c. angiosperms, bryophytes, ferns, and gymnosperms d. ferns, gymnosperms, bryophytes, and angiosperms

B

Which of the following best describes Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? a. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium represents a population that is evolving b. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium represents a population that is not evolving c. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium represents a population whose numbers are increasing d. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium represents a population whose numbers are decreasing

B

Which of the following does NOT tend to promote speciation? a. founder effect b. geneflow c. natural selection d. reproductive isolation

B

Which of the following is an example of an everyday (non-scientific) theory? a. Objects are attracted to one another by gravity. b. Broccoli tastes better than cauliflower. c. All life forms are related to each other through common ancestry. d. All living things are made of cells.

B

Which prokaryotes would one expect to be found in a salt mine? a. methanogens b. halophiles c. cyanobacteria d. fungi

B

You receive a bacterial sample from a deeptissue penetrating wound from a farm accident. You are tasked with finding if this organism can live on bed rails of a hospital and if extra precaution should be taken with this patient. You perform a catalase test in the lab and discover absolutely no bubbling occurs. Your conclusion is this organism ___________ survive on a bedrail in a hospital. a. could b. could not

B

A bottleneck is best described as a. an expansion of a population from a small group of founders b. a small number of individuals leaving a population c. a reduction in the size of an original population followed by expansion in size as the surviving members reproduce d. the mixing and mingling of alleles by mating between members of different populations

C

A correlation in a scientific study indicates a. A cause and effect between variables b. A clear link between two variables c. A possible link between two variables d. The necessity for a new hypothesis

C

A hypothesis is a. An idea that has been rigorously tested and never been disproven. b. An idea that has been rigorously tested and only been disproven a few times. c. An idea that can be tested and falsified. d. An idea based on a person's experience or knowledge.

C

Another term for the structure of the branching tree that depicts evolutionary relationships is a. homology b. analogy c. phylogeny d. autonomy

C

If you explore the life inside a hydrothermal vent, you will most likely find a ________cell,which is a member of domain ________. a. eukaryotic; Archaea b. prokaryotic; Bacteria c. prokaryotic; Archaea d. prokaryotic; Eukarya

C

In class we discussed a story about the domestication of foxes in Russia and how it was similar to that of dogs. What primarily accounts for the variety of different breeds of dogs we see today? a. overproduction b. natural selection c. artificial selection d. competition

C

Organisms are placed in to one or another of the three domains of life on the basis of a. cell type b. physical appearance c. evolutionary history as assessed by genetic relatedness d. degree of sophistication, that is how evolutionarily advanced they are

C

Random changes in the allele frequency of a population between generations is the definition of a. bottleneckeffect b. evolutionary frequency c. genetic drift d. a mutation

C

Science is _______. a. The search for truth and meaning in our lives b. An organized set of principles for how to ethically and morally behave c. The inquiry-based effort to describe and explain nature d. All the above

C

Structures that have the same evolutionary origin even though they may now have different structures or functions are said to be a. analogous b. endemic c. homologous d. immutable

C

The Dunkers are a religious group that moved from Germany to Pennsylvania in the mid-1700s. They do not marry with members outside their own immediate community. Today, the Dunkers are genetically unique and differ in gene frequencies, at many loci, from all other populations including their original homeland. Which of the following likely explains the genetic uniqueness of this population? a. population bottle neck and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium b. mutation and natural selection c. founder effect and genetic drift d. all of the above

C

The endosymbiotic theory explains a. the origin of all organelles in eukaryotic cells b. how bacterial cells can invade eukaryotic cells and cause punctuated equilibrium c. how mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living cells d. how eukaryotic cells consume food

C

The presence of membrane-bound organelles in a cell tells you that the cell must be a. from a member of the domain Bacteria b. from a member of the domain Archaea c. from a member of the domain Eukarya d. either b or c

C

The similarity between the forearm of a human and an alligator suggests that. a. humans are reptiles b. humans once laid eggs c. alligators and humans share a common ancestor d. alligators gave birth to humans

C

The total collection of alleles in a population is the a. allele frequency b. genetic drift c. gene pool d. evolutionary frequency

C

Two species of salamanders have overlapping territories and they successfully mate and produce eggs. However, most of the eggs fail to hatch. Only 10% of them hatch, but the tadpoles are weak and are almost all killed by predators. The few tadpoles that exit the water have weak bones and soon die. This is an example of a. behavioral isolation b. gametic isolation c. hybrid inviability d. hybrid infertility

C

Two species of salamanders have overlapping territories and they successfully mate and produce eggs. However, most of the eggs fail to hatch. Only 10% of them hatch, but the tadpoles are weak and are almost all killed by predators. The few tadpoles that exit the water have weak bones and soon die. This is an example of a. behavioralisolation b. gameticisolation c. hybrid inviability d. hybrid infertility

C

What is the function of flagella? a. production of methane b. sticking to surface c. motility d. luminescence

C

What is the purpose of bacterial endospores? a. harness energy from their environment and make ATP b. allow a bacterium to make hundreds of "seeds" infect a host c. allow a bacterium to survive extended periods of heat or dryness d. allow a bacterium to prepare for reproduction

C

When extreme phenotypes are selected against and disappear, which pattern of natural selection is at work? a. directional selection b. diversifying selection c. stabilizing selection d. artificial selection

C

Which might be most advantageous for reducing genetic bottleneck effects? a. geographic isolation b. control of the founder population c. a large genetically diverse population d. a small actively reproducing population

C

Which of the following is most fit? a. a 5000-year-old bristle cone pine tree that produced 1 offspring every 100 years b. a 5000-year-old bristle cone pine tree that produced 3 offspring every 100 years c. a 5000-year-old bristlecone pine tree that produced 100 offspring every year d. a 5000-year-old bristlecone pine tree that produced 100 offspring every 10 years

C

Which of the following is the ultimate source of genetic variation in a population? a. geneflow b. mating c. mutation d. selection

C

Which of these would be a valid hypothesis? a. Humans should help in the conservation of other animal species b. Human history is determined by a series of supernatural events c. Humans and bacteria share a common genetic code d. Humans are controlled by forces beyond our understanding

C

Which sample group would give the most statistically significant data? a. 1 lecturer and 1 student flogged 3 times b. 1 lecturer flogged 10 times c. 10 individual lecturers each flogged 3 times d. 1 lecturer flogged 1,000 times

C

Which would NOT be considered a trace fossil? a. footprint b. coprolite c. dinosaur skeleton d. a fossilized burrow of 30ft long gopher

C

With respect to country mice and city mice, a. city mice have more allelic diversity than country mice. b. country mice have more alleles for stress compared to city mice. c. both have similar allelic diversity for most genes. d. city mice are stressed less compared to country mice.

C

You are a geneticist studying the population genetics of barn swallows. You are particularly interested in one gene, and upon examining the 100 alleles present in 50 individuals; you find that one allele is quite common, accounting for 60 of those alleles. The allele frequency of this allele is: a. 0.3 b. 0.5 c. 0.6 d. 0.7

C

You are walking through the Smokies, spending the morning in a creek environment in CadesCove, and by the afternoon you have entered a drier forest as you make your way up to the top of Clingman's Dome (highest mountain peak in the Smokies and a drier climate). Which of the following describes the changes in species composition you would expect? a. You see more gymnosperms in Cades Cove than you see on Clingman's Dome. b. You see more bryophytes on Clingman's dome than you see in Cades cove. c. You see bryophytes in Cades Cove but don't find many of them on Clingman's dome. d. You see ferns on Clingman's dome but not in Cades cove.

C

A scientist studying population genetics of a bird population inhabiting a group of islands finds that allelic diversity is highest on island C, lowest on island A, and island B has intermediate allelic diversity levels. What is the likely order in which these islands were colonized by this species? a. A then B then C b. A then C then B c. C then A then B d. C then B then A

D

A structure inherited from an ancestor that no longer serves a clear purpose in an organism is called a a. heterologous structure b. homologous structure c. rudimentary structure d. vestigial structure

D

An organism that is eukaryotic and photosynthetic is a a. plant b. fungus c. protist d. plant or protist

D

An organism's ability to survive and reproduce is called the organism's a. natural selectivity b. phenotype c. genotype d. fitness

D

Antibiotics should only be prescribed for . a. fungal infections b. viral infections c. bacterial and fungal infections d. bacterial infections

D

Binary fission is a form of a. nuclear division b. aerobic reproduction c. anaerobic reproduction d. asexual reproduction

D

Coined the term "Biology". a. Charles Darwin b. Alfred Wallace c. Thomas Malthus d. Jean Baptiste Lamarck

D

How old is Earth? a. 6,000 years old b. 1-2 million years old c. 1-2 billion years old d. 4-5 billion years old

D

In Darwin's now famous experiment with sundewplants, which food source(s) did the plants NOT react to? a. meat b. urine c. milk d. paper e. milk and paper

D

Nitrogen fixer. a. heterotroph b. autotroph c. lithotroph d. diazotroph

D

Pinetrees, redwoods, and conifers with open seed cones belong in which plant group? a. ferns b. bryophytes c. angiosperms d. gymnosperms e. all of the above

D

Population genetics is the a. study of the genetic makeup of populations b.study of how the genetic composition of a population changes overtime c. study of the total collection of alleles in a population d. all of the above

D

The biological species concept defines a species a. on the basis of similar physical appearance b. on the basis of close genetic relationships c. on the basis of similar levels of genetic diversity d. on the basis of the ability to mate and produce fertile offspring

D

The ice age 10,000 years ago rapidly killed off most cheetahs. This is an example of a. the founder effect b. artificial selection c. natural selection d. the bottle neck effect

D

The reproductive isolating factor that occurs when an egg and sperm are incompatible is referred to as a. ecologicalisolation b. hybrid infertility c. behavioral isolation d. gametic isolation

D

Which is NOT true of prokaryotes? a. they are found on you b. they are found in you c. they are the most likely first colonizers of Earth d. they are exclusive to land

D

Which of the following are types of nonadaptive evolution? a. natural selection b. bottleneck effect c. founder effect d. both B and C e. A, B ,and C

D

Why is Tiktaalik considered as a transitional fossil? a. it is now extinct b. it was found between land and water c. it has two eyes and fins d. it is a hybrid of an aquatic and terrestrial vertebrate

D

Where are the most reliable scientific results published? a. Facebook b. In TIME magazine c. In science journals d. On Science websites e. In peer reviewed scientific journals

E