BIO ONLINE OLE MISS
to do work to expel waste to synthesis proteins
Cells use energy for which of the following?
Branched Cells Short Striated cells with 1 Nucleus Striated Cells, involuntary contraction
Characteristics of Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Elongated cells with multiple Nuclei Attached to Bones Striated cells, voluntary function
Characteristics of Skeletal Tissue
Lining of Blood vessels spinled shaped cells with one nucleus.
Characteristics of Smooth Muscle Tissue
homologous chromosomes.
Chromosomes that look alike and carry the same sequence of genes for the same traits are
asexual reproduction.
Cloning through DNA technology is most similar to
ligaments
Connect bone to bone
tendons
Connect bone to muscle
goiter
A deficiency of iodine in the diet can cause the medical condition known as
scoliosis
A disorder of the axial skeleton in which the vertebral column curves to the side is known as
2
A fish's heart has how many chambers?
FOOD
A healthy human can survive for 50 to 70 days without?
the heart valves not functioning properly.
A heart murmur is caused by
antigen.
A molecule that stimulates an immune-system reaction by B cells and T cells is termed a(n)
cell that engulfs other cells and debris.
A phagocyte is a
A strong acid
A substance with a pH of 2 is
rigor mortis.
After death, muscles remain in a stiff position for several hours. This stiff position is called
produces carbon dioxide. is carried out by yeasts. produces far less ATP than aerobic respiration.
Alcoholic fermentation?
joint
An area where two bones meet is called a
into the circulatory system.
An endocrine gland releases its product directly
Allergy
An exaggerated attack on a harmless antigen by an overly sensitive immune system is termed a(n)
transferring genes from a bacterium to a fish.
An example of DNA technology is
net O2 consumers and CO2 producers.
Animals are
They would be immunocompromised.
Each year there are an estimated 250,000 people who could benefit from a bone marrow transplant. What would happen to a patient who no longer had active bone marrow?
Disorder
Entropy is?
hormones.
Biochemicals produced in a gland that travel through the blood stream and alter the metabolism of specific target cells are
delivers oxygen to the cells of the body. delivers food to the cells of the body. is a liquid connective tissue. helps remove wastes from the body.
Blood
White blood cells.
Blood contains five different types of___ cells?
the force that blood exerts on the walls of the arteries.
Blood pressure is?
sodium-potassium pump
in animal cells, the what uses active transport to exchange sodium ions for potassium ions.
TWO Eggs and two sperm
Fraternal twins (dizygotic) result from the fertilization of
monosaccharide
Fructose is a?
Gas diffusion nutrient absorption protection
Function of the Epithelial tissues?
some energy is always lost as heat during chemical reactions.
Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle do not capture all of the energy in a glucose molecule because
uses short tandem repeats and other variable parts of the genome
How does DNA profiling detect genetic differences between individuals?
35 days
How long does an average human skin cell live?
25
How many elements are essential to life?
75
How many heartbeats per minute on average?
water will flow out of the cell by osmosis.
If a cell contains 95% water in its cytoplasm and the environment surrounding the cell contains 90% water
25 %
If a healthy young couple are both carriers of cystic fibrosis, the chance that a future child will inherit this serious illness is
because white blood cells are formed in lymph nodes in response to the tumor
If a tumor metastasizes, this means that it has moved to another part of the body. Doctors often look in lymph nodes near a tumor for signs of metastasis. Why might cancer cells be found in lymph nodes?
nitrogen, carbon, and an R group.
If asked to build a model of an amino acid, you would need parts to represent
fats .carbohydrates, including starch and glycogen. proteins.
If glucose is unavailable, aerobic respiration may occur with
oxygen
If you were observing mud from the bottom of a pond, you would expect to see glycolysis since it does not require
mitochondrion
In animal cells, the primary organelle that generates molecules of ATP is the
DNA
In creating a transgenic organism, the ____ from one species is inserted into another species.
A person who does not exhibit a disease but may pass on a recessive allele for the disease
In genetics, what is a carrier?
chemoreceptor
In humans, if you wanted to eliminate the ability to smell dung, which type of receptor should be changed?
photoreceptor
In humans, which type of receptor is used primarily to detect light?
Pneumonia
In what unhealthy condition do the alveoli fill with mucus and white blood cells, causing shortness of breath and other symptoms?
COPD
In what unhealthy condition do the alveoli tear, the respiratory surface decrease, and inflammation of the bronchi occur?
bone; bone
Ligaments are connective tissues that connect _______________ to _________________.
net O2 producers and CO2 consumers.
Plants are
90-92%
Plasma makes up what percent of blood's volume?
Hemoglobin
Red blood cells are packed with pigment called?
Free DNA (not in a nucleus)
Select the choice below that ONLY prokaryotic cells have.
Does not require energy
Simple Diffusion?
the kidneys.
The adrenal glands are located "on top" of
epinephrine.
The antidote for a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction is a shot of
Red blood cells
The cellular components of blood that transport oxygen are
XX
The chromosomal designation for a human female is
XY
The chromosomal designation for a human male is
central nervous system.
The division of the nervous system that integrates sensory information and coordinates the body's response is the
pineal gland.
The endocrine gland that produces melatonin is the
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
The four major groups of organic compounds are
glucagon
The hormone that stimulates glycogen to be broken down to glucose is
4
The human heart has how many chambers?
TRUE
The interaction of both the muscular system and the skeletal system is necessary for animals to run, fly, and swim.
vasoconstriction.
The narrowing of blood vessels is
a nucleotide.
The primary building block (monomer) of nucleic acids is?
cell body.
The rounded part of a neuron containing the nucleus and mitochondria is the
sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons.
The three types of neurons in the nervous system of humans are
endoskeleton.
The type of skeleton composed of calcium rich-spines, cartilage or bone is a(n)
exoskeleton
The type of skeleton that is usually composed of either a calcium-containing shell or chitin is a(n)
Independent variable
The variable that is manipulated in order to get a response
Dependent variable
The variable that is the response that the investigator measures.
salt
To prevent swollen thyroid glands many nations add iodine to
obesity
Type 2 diabetes is strongly associated with
Macronutrient
Water is what type of nutrient?
Hypothalamus pituitary gland
What 2 structures coordinate the rest of the endocrine's system?
Large vessels that conduct blood AWAY from the heart
What are Arteries?
messenger proteins that bind to immune cells and promote cell division, activate defense, or otherwise alter their activity.
What are Cytokins?
the body's tiniest blood vessels
What are capillaries?
organic molecules (usually proteins) that speed biochemical reactions by lowering the activation level.
What are enzymes?
small, colorless cell fragments that initiate blood clotting.
What are platelets?
Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya
What are the 3 main domains?
carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen 96%
What are the main 4 elements of our body and what percent do they make up?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, and proteins
What are the other 3 main macronutrients?
Carry blood TO the heart
What are veins?
How antibiotics kill bacteria.
What can be learned from studying cells?
They can all be pathogens
What do bacteria, viruses, fungi, protists and toxins have in common?
They are all autosomal recessive genetic disorders
What do cyctic fibrosis, hemophilia, Tay-Sach and sickle cell disease have in common?
Is attracted to or "loves" water.
What does "hydrophilic" mean?
makes many copies of a given DNA sequence
What does PCR do?
Takes sugar INTO the cells of the body.
What does insulin do?
single beat of the heart
What is a cardiac cycle?
More herbicide will be sprayed, having negative environmental effects.
What is a possible unintended consequence of genetically engineering crops to be herbicide resistant?
Down syndrome
What is another name for Trisomy 21?
A large surface area to volume ratio is best.
What is generally better in biology? A large surface area to volume ratio or a small surface area to volume ratio?
Protein and complex carbohydrates are lacking
What is lacking in junk food?
pump blood through the heart
What is not a function of skeletal muscles?
antibody production
What is not part of the innate defense response?
well below 7
What is the approximate pH of stomach acid?
Lack of an enzyme
What is the cause of lactose intolerance?
blood pressure
What is the force that blood exerts on artery walls
Aorta
What is the largest artery in the body?
1 in 9
What is the risk of a human mother of age 48 giving birth to a child with Down syndrome?
It is reduced at the end of the electron transport chain, forming water.
What is the role of oxygen in respiration?
Rod shaped
What is the shape of an E. coli bacterial cell?
neurotransmitters
What is transported from a neuron, through the synaptic cleft, and received by the receptors of another cell (shown in blue in the figure)?
Cardiac Muscle
What makes up most of the hearts wall?
Gray matter
What matter consist of neuron cell bodies and dendrites, along with synapses by which they communicate with other cells?
White matter
What matter consists of myelinated axons transmitting information throughout the central nervous system?
DNA
What molecule holds instructions for the synthesis of proteins and copies itself for the next generation of cells?
The somatic system
What nervous system carries a signal to voluntary skeletal muscles, such as those that enable you to ride a bike, shake hands, or talk.
Central
What nervous system consist of the brain and the spinal cord?
Sympathetic nervous system
What nervous system dominates under stress and emergencies?
Parasympathetic nervous system
What nervous system returns the body to normal?
Small intestine
What organ completes digestion and absorbs nutrients?
thalamus
What part of the brain acts as a relay station for sensory input?
Medulla Oblongata (part of the brainstem)
What part of the brain is in charge of breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate, along with swallowing.
Hypothalamus
What part of the brain is in charge of maintaining homeostasis?
Cerebrum
What part of the brain is in charge of personality, intelligence, learning, perception, and emotions?
cerebellum
What part of the brain refines motor messages and coordinate muscle movements subconsciously.
Thyroid
What sets the metabolic pace?
peripheral nervous system
What system carries information between the central nervous system and the rest of the body.
Integumentary system
What system consists of skin, associated glands, hair and nails?
Endocrine system
What system includes glands that secrete hormones, which are communication molecules that affect development, reproduction, and many other functions.
Mitosis
What type of cell division is involved in a fertilized egg growing into a baby?
Light microscope
What type of microscope would you most likely be using to look at cells in a freshman biology lab?
phagocytosis
When a cell captures and engulfs large particles such as debris or even another cell
Mitosis
When a skin cell dies, how is it replaced?
thermoreceptor
When you feel the sun on your skin, which is being activated?
chemoreceptor
When you smell the cookies, which is being activated?
In blood plasma
Where are white blood cells usually located?
Glycolysis
Which energy pathway connects all living organisms?
coronary artery
Which is an artery that supplies blood to the heart muscle?
Plant cell is largest.
Which is largest, a plant cell, a bacterial cell, an atom or a molecule?
An animal cell is largest.
Which is largest, a protein, an animal cell, a virus particle or an atom?
ulna
Which is not a bone of the lower limbs?
Net movement of solute down a concentration gradient (FROM an area of HIGH to an area of low concentration of solute) requires less energy.
Which requires less energy (is easier)?
Nerve cell
Which type of cell demonstrates an idea surface area to volume ratio by being long and very thin?
Transmission electron microscope
Which type of microscope would be most useful in viewing very small (50 nanometers or less), thin slice of a specimen?
provoke inflammation, destroy infectious organisms, and secrete antibodies.
White blood cells do what?
A monk who did experiments with pea plants
Who was Gregor Mendel?
Human enzymes won't work at 110 degrees F.
Why can death result if a person is trapped in a hot car where the temperature is over 110 degrees F?
Because CO binds to hemoglobin more readily than Oxygen gas does
Why is carbon monoxide dangerous to humans?
photoreceptor
You are lying on a sand dune looking over the water, listening to the waves, and enjoying the feel of the sun and wind on your skin. You smell some chocolate chip cookies your friend is munching on. When you sit up to grab a handful you feel momentarily dizzy. When you look at the water, which is being activated?
The biceps; the triceps
______ are used to lift a cup to your mouth, and ______ are used to lower the cup back onto the table.
a cell uses a transport protein to move a substance against its concerted gradient, from where it is less concentrated to an area where it is more concentrated
what happens in active transport?
autonomic nervous system
what nervous system transmits impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glads, enabling internal organs to function without conscious awareness?
