Bio Test #3 practice questions
Bryophytes have all the following except: A. lignified vascular tissue B. multicellularity C. specialized cells and tissues D. walled spores in sporangia E. a reduced, dependent sporophyte
A
In the northern forests of Siberia, a tall tree is most likely a: A. conifer B. cycad C. Gingko biloba D. gnetophyte
A
In which of the following does the sporophyte depend on the gametophyte for nutrition? A. Bryophytes B. Grass C. Roses D. Ferns E. Pine trees
A
Microphylls are found in which of the following groups of plants? A. lycophytes B .ferns C. mosses D. gymnosperms
A
Seeds commonly provide for each of the following except? A a choice of germination location B dispersal C a nutrient supply for the embryo D dessication resistance
A
What characteristic of Charales would enable them to survive a dry spell? A sporopollenin B. phragmoplasts C. chlorophyll a D. a waxy cuticle
A
What is a common feature that the liverworts, hornworts and mosses share? A. Move water by osmosis B. Lack a sporophyte generation C. Possess true vascular tissue D. Possess true roots but not true leaves
A
Which characteristics do mosses, liverworts, and hornworts share? A reproductive cells in gametangia; embryos B branched sporophytes C vascular tissues, true leaves, and a waxy cuticle D seeds E lignified walls
A
Which of the following is characteristic of alternation of generations in land plants? A> Meiosis in sporophytes produces haploid spores B. Gametophytes produce spores that develop into gametes C. Haploid sporophytes make haploid spores D. either the gametophyte or the sporophyte is unicellular
A
Which of the following is characteristic of alternation of generations in land plants? A. Meiosis in sporophytes produces haploid spores B. Gametophytes produce spores that develop into gametes C. Haploid sporophytes make haploid spores D. either the gametophyte or the sporophyte is unicellular
A
Which of the following most closely represents the male gametophyte of seed-bearing plants? A pollen grain B microspore mother cell C ovule D antheridia
A
Which of the following traits characterizes gymnosperms? A. The plants carry exposed seeds on modified leaves. B. Reproductive structures are located in a flower. C. After fertilization, the ovary thickens and forms a fruit. D. The gametophyte is longest phase of the life cycle.
A
Which of these statements best describes archegonia? A. they may temporarily contain sporophyte embryos B. they are the ancestral versions of animal gonads C. they are asexual reproductive structures D. they are the sites where male gametes are produced E. they are the same as sporangia
A
Which structure widens the geographical range of a species and is an agent of dispersal? A. seed B. flower C. leaf D. root
A
Why does sexual reproduction result in offspring that genetically variable? A The offspring can inherit unique combinations of genes from their parents B gametic cells are more susceptible to mutations C mitosis results in a change in the number of chromosomes in cells
A
When the gametes produced by gameotphytes fuse, the resulting cell, the zygote, develops into a plant that is a sporophyte. The mature sporophyte produces spores which develop into gametophytes. Select all of the following statements that are true. A Gametophytes form offspring that reproduce by spores. B. Sporophytes gve rise to spores that develop into gametophytes C. Germinating spores form sporophytes D. When gametes unite they form a gametophyte E. The zygote is the first cell in the sporophyte generation (sporophytes develop from zygotes)
A, B, E
What characteristics do the Charales share with land plants? A. cell walls containing cellulose B. alternation of generations C. the presence of lignin D. plasmodesmata
A, C, D
Which of the following characteristics do mosses, liverworts, and hornworts share? A. reproductive cells in gametangia; embryos B. branched sporophytes C. vascular tissues, true leaves, and a waxy cuticle D seeds E. lignified walls
A.
Which of the following is true of the seed coat? A it is created from the integument after fertilization B it is derived from sporophyte tissues C it is part of the gametophyte tissue D it is only found in gymnosperms
AB
What characteristics do the Charales share with land plants? A. plasmodesmata B. the presence of lignin C. cell walls containing cellulose D. alternation of generations
ABC
Which of the following are traits found in Ferns? A Presence of Xylem and Phloem B Presence of Megaphylls C Roots and lignified tissues D Microphylls
ABC
Which of these traits are used to distinguish the different groups/clades of land plants? A. seed production B. fruits and flowers C. presence or absence of vascular tissues D. multicellular embryos and apical meristems
ABC
Which trait(s) are shared by gymnosperms and angiosperms? A microscopic gametophytes sporophylls modified to attract pollinators B pollen that can be transported by wind endosperm C tracheids
ABC
Which trait(s) are shared by gymnosperms and angiosperms? A tracheiD B microscopic gametophytes C pollen that can be transported by wind endosperm D sporophylls modified to attract pollinators
ABC
Why does natural selection not result in the creation of perfect organisms? Choose all that apply. A Genetic variations must already be present before natural selection can "favor" them B Natural selection works within a framework that includes chance and fluctuating environmental conditions C Adaptations that arise from natural selection must be complete (all or nothing) D Natural selection can only work within the already existing structure of an organism (it cannot create new structures from scratch)
ABD
What are the main traits that characterize the vascular plants? A the presence of spore bearing leaves (sporophylls) B life cycles with dominant gametophyte generations C well developed roots and leaves D transport in vascular tissues
ACD
What are the two structures that allow angiosperms to be the dominant form of plant life in most terrestrial ecosystems?
Angiosperms are successful because of flowers and fruit. These structures protect reproduction from variability in the environment.
At what stage does the diploid zygote form?
At fertilization; after the pollen tube has finished forming, so tht the male generative nuclei can fuse with the female gametophyte
Corn develops from a seedling with a single cotyledon, displays parallel veins on its leaves, and produces monosulcate pollen. It is most likely: a. a gymnospermb\ b. a monocot c. a eudicot d. a basal angiosperm
B
How do ferns prevent the sperm from a gametophyte from fertilizing an egg on the same gametophyte? A. gametophytes do not produce eggs or sperm, sporophytes do B the eggs and sperm are produced at different times C the eggs and sperm are produced in different structures D fern gametophytes do not produce both eggs and sperm
B
In the course of double fertilization, one sperm cell fuses with the egg and the second one fuses with ________. a the synergids b the polar nuclei of the center cell c the egg as well d the antipodal cells
B
Natural selection is based on all of the following except? A populations tend to produce more individuals than the environment can support. B individuals adapt to their environments and, thereby, evolve. C the best-adapted individuals tend to leave the most offspring. D individuals who survive longer tend to leave more offspring than those who die young. E genetic variation exists within populations.
B
One of the key obstacles to life on land is gravity, such that organisms that exceed a certain size require some type of support. In what group of land plants did a support system evolved and what was it? A. tracheophytes, vascular tissue B. tracheophytes, lignin molecules in cell walls C. Gymnosperms, vascular tissue D. mosses, rudimentary vascular tissue
B
What generation is larger and more complex in the living vascular plants? A. the gametophyte B. the sporophyte C. the archegonia D. the antheridia
B
What is the ploidy of the following structures: gametophyte, seed, spore, sporophyte? A. 1n, 1n, 2n, 2n B. 1n, 2n, 1n, 2n C. 2n, 1n, 2n, 1n D. 2n, 2n, 1n, 1n
B
Which of the following was not a challenge for survival of the first land plants? A. sources of water B. sufficient light for photosynthesis C. dessication D. absorbing enough light E. sperm transfer
B
Which of the following statements about plant divisions is true? a. All vascular plants produce seeds. B. All nonvascular embryophytes are bryophytes. C. Lycophytes and pterophytes are seedless vascular plants. D., Seed plants include angiosperms and gymnosperms. hornworts, club mosses and spike mosses are all nonvascular plants
BCD
Which of the following is found in Angiosperms but not Seedless Vascular Plants (tracheophytes)? A alternation of generations B completely dependent gametophyte C pollen D ovules E stomata F integuments
BCDF
Which the following is true of evolution? A Evolution may happen when any of the conditions for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are not met. B Evolution will be adaptive if natural selection is the mechanism for that evolution. C Evolution will occur anytime a population is not well-adapted to its environment. D Evolution occurs at the population level. E Evolution must always occur because organisms want to survive.
BD
The Triassic Period was marked by the increase in number and variety of angiosperms. Insects also diversified enormously during the same period. Can you propose the reason or reasons that could foster coevolution?
Both pollination and herbivory contributed to diversity, with plants needing to attract some insects and repel others.
How do fungi obtain food?
By digesting it externally and absorbing the nutrients
All of the following cellular structures are functionally important in cells of the gametophytes of both angiosperms and gymnosperms except A mitochondria B haploid nuclei C chloroplasts D cell walls
C
Angiosperms are the most successful terrestrial plants. This success is due to all the following except? A animal pollination B fruits enclosing seeds C sperm cells with flagella D reduced gametophytes E highly efficient xylem
C
Which of the following flower parts develops into a fruit? A stigma B receptacle C ovary D ovule
C
Which of the following structures in a flower is not directly involved in reproduction? athe style b the stamen c the sepal d the anther
C
What are the advantages of retaining the gametophytic cells within the sporangia of the parental sporophyte? A the gametophytes can be stationary (not move from the plants) B the gametophyte does not need to produce any cells C the gametophyte can rely on the sporophyte for nutrients D the gametophyte is protected from the environment
CD
Which statement about fungal cell walls is false?
Cell walls prevent cells from dying in hypertonic conditions
Megasporocytes will eventually produce which of the following? A. pollen grain B. sporophytes C. male gametophytes D. female gametophytes
D
What key compound helps to protect both charophyte zygotes and plant pollen from drying out? A. zygopollenin B. lignin C. cellulose D. sporopollenin
D
Which of the following is true of natural selection? A Natural selection creates beneficial mutations. B Harmful mutations cannot be eliminated through natural selection. C Natural selection edits out harmful mutations and causes populations to adapt to the beneficial mutations. D Natural selection can preserve and distribute mutations that increase the fitness of organisms
D
Which of the following must exist in a population before natural selection can act upon that population? A. genetic variation among individuals B. variation among individuals caused by environmental factors C. sexual reproduction (random fertilization) D. A and C only E. A, B and C
D
T or F: Ferns are primarily homosporous plants while most Bryophytes are heterosporous.
F
Which of the following is part of the group embryophyta? A. hornworts B. club mosses C. apple trees D. green algae E. all of these are embryophytes F. all of these except for green algae
F
Which of the following is part of the group embryophyta? A. hornworts B. club mosses C. apple trees D. green algae E. all of these are embryophytes F. all of these except for green algae
F
T or F: Ferns are primarily homosporous plants while most Bryophytes are heterosporous.
False
T or F: One of the key innovations of the Bryophytes is the development of vascular tissue for solute movement.
False
Which statement about alternation of generations in land plants is not true? A. The zygote is the first cell of the sporophyte generation B. Meiosis only occurs in sporophyte tissues, often the sporangia C. The gametophyte and sporophyte may differ in appearance D. Gametes are always produced by meiosis E. The gametophyte and sporophyte differ in chromosome number
Gametes are always produced by meiosis
Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Of the following elements, which do ALL sexual life cycles have in common? I. Alternation of Generations II. Meiosis III. Fertilization IV. Gametes V. Spores
II, III, IV
What role did the adaptations of seed and pollen play in the development and expansion of seed plants?
Seeds and pollen allowed plants to reproduce in absence of water. This allowed them to expand their range onto dry land and to survive drought conditions.
T or F: Alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenes are compounds that are products of side branches off primary metabolic pathways in some plants.
T
T or F: All seed plants are heterosporous but some seedless vascular plants are homosporous.
T
T or F: When an egg and a sperm are combined the resulting zygote is diploid.
T
T or F:Pollination precedes (comes before) fertilization in the seed plants.
T
What are the four modern-day phyla of gymnosperms?
The four modern-day phyla of gymnosperms are Coniferophyta, Cycadophyta, Gingkophyta, and Gnetophyta.
Some cycads are considered endangered species and their trade is severely restricted. Customs officials stop suspected smugglers who claim that the plants in their possession are palm trees, not cycads. How would a botanist distinguish between the two types of plants?
The resemblance between cycads and palm trees is only superficial. Cycads are gymnosperms and do not bear flowers or fruit. Cycads produce cones: large, female cones that produce naked seeds, and smaller male cones on separate plants. Palms do not.
The Mediterranean landscape along the sea shore is dotted with pines and cypresses. The weather is not cold, and the trees grow at sea level. What evolutionary adaptation of conifers makes them suitable to the Mediterranean climate?
The trees are adapted to arid weather, and do not lose as much water due to transpiration as non-conifers.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of hyphate fungi (fungi featuring hyphae)?
Their cell walls consist mainly of cellulose microfibrils.
How are the vascular plants that are involved in mycorrhizal associations and the photosynthetic cells involved in lichens alike?
They both provide organic nutrients for their fungal partners
Which of the following is true of the Fungi?
They have cell walls, feed by absorption, and usually have filamentous bodies
What evidence suggests that chloroplasts in plants may have been the result of an ancient symbiotic event?
They have two discontinuous membranes They contain their own unique DNA They have their own ribosomes
How does the sexual life cycle increase the genetic variation in a species?
Through independent assortment and crossing over in meiosis as well as random fertilization
In which geological periods would gymnosperms dominate the landscape?
Triassic
T or F: The evolution of megaphylls increased the surface area available for photosynthesis.
True
If a flower lacked a megasporangium, what type of gamete would not form? If the flower lacked a microsporangium, what type of gamete would not form?
Without a megasporangium, an egg would not form; without a microsporangium, pollen would not form.
Microsporocytes of divide by [X] to produce the microspores (and eventual pollen grains) that are [Y].
X = meiosis Y = haploid
Pollen grains develop in which structure? a the anther b the stigma c the filament d the carpel
a
What is the primary role of a mushroom's underground mycelium?
absorbing nutrients
Which of the following is an example of a mutualistic relationship between fungi and animals or plants? a fungi found in an animal gut that breaks down plant materials an ectomycorrhizae that makes plants more drought tolerant endophyte in leaves that produces toxins that deters herbivores a fungi found in termite guts that digests wood
all
What adaptive advantage does the filamentous nature of the mycelium provide fungi?
an increased surface area well suited for absorptive nutrition.
The coencyotic hyphae of fungi are ________ to the structure of plamodial slime molds.
analogous
sac-like structure at the tip of the stamen in which pollen grains are produced
anther
phylum to which angiosperms belong
anthophyta
What are the chemicals, secreted by soil fungi, that inhibit the growth of bacteria known as?
antibiotics
What is true of stamens, sepals, petals and pine cone scales? A None of them are capable of photosynthesis B they are all sporophyte tissue C they are female reproductive parts D they are all modified leaves
bD
a group of plants that probably branched off before the separation of monocots and eudicots
basal angiosperms
Why is diffusion effective only over short distances?
because the longer the distance between two concentrations the slower molecules diffuse
whorl of sepals
carlyx
single unit of the pistil
carpel
Female reproductive organs in a plant
carpel style, stigma, ovule, ovary
Make megaspores
carpels
Fungi have some very unique structures and life cycle stages that are not found in other organisms. Match the term with the appropriate description. flexible N-containing polysaccharide
chitin
Fungi have some very unique structures and life cycle stages that are not found in other organisms. Match the term with the appropriate description. cells with a continuous cytoplasmic mass
coencyotic
dominant phylum of gymnosperms with the most variety of trees
conifer
collection of petals
corolla
primitive leaf that develop in the zygote; monocots have one cotyledon, and dicots have two cotyledons
cotyledon
Lichens are symbiotic associations of fungi and what other organism(s)?
cyanobacteria and green algae
gymnosperm that grows in tropical climates and resembles a palm tree; member of the phylum Cycadophyta
cycad
(also, eudicot) related group of angiosperms whose embryos possess two cotyledons
dicot
When a fungal hypha infiltrates(enters) an unexploited source of dead organic matter, what are most likely to appear within the food source soon thereafter?
digestive enzymes (exoenzymes)
Fungi have some very unique structures and life cycle stages that are not found in other organisms. Match the term with the appropriate description. mycelium in which the cells have two haploid nuclei, one from each parental strain
dikaryotic
describes a species in which the male and female reproductive organs are carried on separate specimens
dioecious
What is one of the major distinctions between land plants and the green algae?
embryos are not retained within parental tissues in green algae
thin stalk that links the anther to the base of the flower
filament
Besides the seed, what other major structures diminishes a plant's reliance on water for reproduction?
flower
branches specialized for reproduction found in some seed-bearing plants, containing either specialized male or female organs or both male and female organs
flower
thickened tissue derived from ovary wall that protects the embryo after fertilization and facilitates seed dispersal
fruit
Which statement about alternation of generations in land plants is not true?
gametes are always produced by meiosis
Genetic variations within a species are most likely the result of?
gene mutations and sexual reproduction
gymnosperm with one extant species, the Gingko biloba: a tree with fan-shaped leaves
gingkophyte
gymnosperm shrub with varied morphological features that produces vessel elements in its woody tissues; the phylum includes the genera Ephedra, Gnetum and Welwitschia
gnetophyte
Which taxonomic group containing eukaryotic organisms it thought to be directly ancestral to the plant kingdom?
green algae
seed plant with naked seeds (seeds exposed on modified leaves or in cones)
gymnosperm
(also, carpel) structure that constitute the female reproductive organ
gynoecium
grass-like plant noticeable by the absence of woody tissue
herbaceous
Fungi have some very unique structures and life cycle stages that are not found in other organisms. Match the term with the appropriate description. a mycelium that contains coexisting but genetically different nuclei
heterokaryotic
Seed plants are all _____.
hetersporous
Fungi have some very unique structures and life cycle stages that are not found in other organisms. Match the term with the appropriate description. tubular cells of fungi
hyphae
layer of sporophyte tissue that surrounds the megasporangium, and later, the embryo
integument
What is the advantage of the extended dikaryotic stage of some fungi?
it provides increased opportunity for genetic recombination
Fungi have some very unique structures and life cycle stages that are not found in other organisms. Match the term with the appropriate description. fusion of two haploid parental nuclei resultin gin a diploid cell
karyogamy
Microphylls are found in which of the following groups of plants? A. lycophytes B. ferns C. mosses D. gymnosperms
lycophytes
Develop into female gametophytes
megaspores
megaspore mother cell; larger spore that germinates into a female gametophyte in a heterosporous plant
megasporocyte
Develop into male gametophytes
microspores
smaller spore that produces a male gametophyte in a heterosporous plant
microsporocyte
related group of angiosperms that produce embryos with one cotyledon and pollen with a single ridge
monocot
describes a species in which the male and female reproductive organs are on the same plant
monoecious
If there were no mycorrhizae, which of the following would be true?
most vscular plants would be inhibited in their growth
What type of symbiotic relationship is found between plant roots and mycorhizae
mutualistic
Fungi have some very unique structures and life cycle stages that are not found in other organisms. Match the term with the appropriate description. interwoven mass of hyphae
mycelium
chamber that contains and protects the ovule or female megasporangium
ovary
Megasporangium (pine life cycle)
ovulate cone
cone containing two ovules per scale
ovulate cone
female gametophyte
ovule
part of the plant consisting of the calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals)
perianth
modified leaf interior to the sepals; colorful petals attract animal pollinators
petal
Aid in attracting pollinators
petals
fused group of carpels
pistil
Alternation of generations in plants refers to the fact that?
plant produce both haploid and diploid multicellular organisms
Fungi have some very unique structures and life cycle stages that are not found in other organisms. Match the term with the appropriate description. the union of cytoplasm of the two parental mycelia
plasmogamy
Microsporangia (pine life cycle)
pollen cone
Microgametophyte (pine life cycle)
pollen grain
structure containing the male gametophyte of the plant
pollen grain
extension from the pollen grain that delivers sperm to the egg cell
pollen tube
transitional group of plants that resembled conifers because they produce wood yet still reproduced like ferns
progymnosperms
structure containing the embryo, storage tissue and protective coat
seed
modified leaf that encloses the bud; outermost structure of a flower
sepal
Eclose the flower before it opes
sepals
Fungi have some very unique structures and life cycle stages that are not found in other organisms. Match the term with the appropriate description. cross walls hat separate fungal cells
septa
In what way do members of the green algae often differ from members of the plant kingdom?
some green algae are unicellular and plants are all muticellular
A cluster of sporangia found in ferns
sori
seed plant; from the greek sperm (seed) and phyte (plant)
spermatophyte
Fungi have some very unique structures and life cycle stages that are not found in other organisms. Match the term with the appropriate description. specialized cell adapted for dispersal
spore
Produce microspores
stamen
structure that contains the male reproductive organs
stamen
Male Reproductive organs in a plant
stamen anther, filament
uppermost structure of the carpel where pollen is deposited
stigma
Groups of sporophylls that form cone-like clusters
strobili
plant structure with a tight arrangement of sporophylls around a central stalk, as seen in cones or flowers; the male strobilus produces pollen, and the female strobilus produces eggs Downloads
strobilus
long, thin structure that links the stigma to the ovary Downloads
style
Which of the following was not a challenge for survival of the first land plants?
sufficient light for photosynthesis
T or F Although water must be present for sperm cells to reach the eggs in a moss plant, outside water is not needed for fertilization in seed plants.
t
T or F: Although water must be present for sperm cells to reach the eggs in a moss plant, outside water is not needed for fertilization in seed plants.
t
T or F: Members of the kingdom Fungi have cell walls and are heterotrophic.
t
T or F: When an egg and a sperm are combined the resulting zygote is diploid.
t
Mature sporophyte (pine life cycle)
the pine tree
Which of these features is unique to some fungi
the presence of dikaryotic cells
How are the vascular plants that are involved in mycorrhizal associations and the photosynthetic cells involved in lichens alike?
they both provide organic nutrients for their fungal partners
T or F: Pollination precedes (comes before) fertilization in the seed plants.
true
In plants, the gametophyte gives rise to [x] and the sporophyte gives rise to [y].
x = gametes y = spores
