BIO test 4

Which statement is TRUE of malnutrition? A) A person who eats 5,000 calories a day can be malnourished. B) Malnutrition begins only after birth. C) Food quality does not matter in nutrition; only food quantity. D) Only the wealthy suffer from overnutrition. E) Undernourishment is greater in developed countries than developing countries.

A) A person who eats 5,000 calories a day can be malnourished.

How did subsidies for American farmers contribute to the level of food security in some African countries? A) American farmers were able to produce vast quantities of food and sell it cheaply. This outcompeted local African farms selling the same products. To compensate, the African farms switched to cash crops and ultimately made their country dependent on foreign food supplies, decreasing their food security. B) Since American farmers were able to produce vast quantities of food and sell it cheaply, this allowed African farmers to grow cash crops and thus bring more economic stability to the community as a whole, increasing their food security. C) American farmers were able to take advantage of the subsidies and produce more food, which made America less dependent on food supplies imported from African farmers. Since the African farmers were unable to sell their crops, the farms failed and decreased their community's level of food security. D) Subsidies on American farms decreased the amount of crops that could economically be harvested. This decreased the overall world supply of food and resulted in African countries being unable to import enough food to feed their communities, thus decreasing their food security. E) American farm subsidies did not have any effect, positive or negative, on food security in African countries.

A) American farmers were able to produce vast quantities of food and sell it cheaply. This outcompeted local African farms selling the same products. To compensate, the African farms switched to cash crops and ultimately made their country dependent on foreign food supplies, decreasing their food security.

_____ consists of digging tunnels or shafts into the Earth to reach buried ore deposits. A) Subsurface mining B) Surface mining C) Fracking D) Deep mining E) Hydraulic mining

A) Subsurface mining

Which event 10,000 years ago resulted in a dramatic growth spurt in global human population? A) an agricultural revolution B) the Bronze Age C) the Computer Age D) the Industrial Revolution E) the Black Death in Europe

A) an agricultural revolution

What is the goal of integrated pest management? A) controlling pest species while minimizing chemical toxins B) eliminating all pest species through any means necessary C) controlling pest species using only biological control methods D) eliminating all insect species in agricultural areas E) controlling pest species with traditional agricultural techniques

A) controlling pest species while minimizing chemical toxins

Sustainable farming would have less _____ but would be more _____. A) expense and inputs; labor intensive B) potential for causing water pollution; at risk for causing soil degradation C) genetic and species diversity; likely to have many beneficial insects D) hormone residues in the milk; than likely to have antibiotic residue in the meat E) utilization of crop rotation and cover cropping; apt to use integrated pest management and fertilizers

A) expense and inputs; labor intensive

The key to generating electricity from coal is the generation of: A) heat. B) smoke. C) sulfur. D) cold water. E) empathy.

A) heat.

Mountain Top Coal has coal-fired plants to generate electricity. The company uses mountaintop removal to access coal sources for its electric plants, in addition to strip mining and subsurface mining. Mountain Top Coal has since reclaimed the land from those mining sites. They are also considering retrofitting a plant for carbon capture and sequestration. The purpose of using carbon capture and sequestration is to: A) remove carbon from combustion emissions for storage. B) remove contaminants in coal to release less pollution when burned. C) increase the energy return on energy investment. D) decrease overburden produced from mining. E) Reduced the time needed to generate profits for stockholders.

A) remove carbon from combustion emissions for storage.

Currently, the biggest drawbacks to using the new clean coal technologies are: A) the energy required and costs involved in using them. B) the negativity of the public and their reluctance to pay more for electricity. C) the technologies do not exist and too much energy is needed to develop them. D) the fact that it has not been proven that coal is toxic and that there are no alternatives. E) government incentives and the public apathy.

A) the energy required and costs involved in using them.

Which statement is TRUE? A) In the United States, GMOs are limited to a few corn products. B) GMOs will almost certainly be part of the solution to meeting future food demands as the global population swells. C) GMOs are cheap and therefore a popular option for developing countries. D) Since DNA is unique for each species, it is not possible to move genes from one species to another. E) In the United States, less than 1% of processed foods contain GMOs.

B) GMOs will almost certainly be part of the solution to meeting future food demands as the global population swells.

Which statement is NOT true about coal? A) It has a high energy content. B) It is a renewable resource. C) Mining coal causes environmental damage. D) Burning coal creates pollution. E) It is formed over time by the compression and heating of peat.

B) It is a renewable resource.

_____ is farming without the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and other chemical additives. A) Synthetic farming B) Organic agriculture C) The Green Revolution D) Industrialized agriculture E) Symbiotic agriculture

B) Organic agriculture

Which scenario would be found in a population that is food secure? A) The only local food source is many miles away. B) Regardless of income, members of the community have access to high-quality food. C) The highest quality and quantity of food is given to those in positions of power. D) The cost of high-quality food is prohibitive to many in the community. E) The lowest grade of meat is sold only in stores in lower-income neighborhoods.

B) Regardless of income, members of the community have access to high-quality food.

_____ involves removing dirt and rock overlaying a mineral deposit close to the surface in order to access that deposit. A) Subsurface mining B) Surface mining C) Fracking D) Deep mining E) Hydraulic mining

B) Surface mining

Which statement describes the BIGGEST advantage to the United States' use of coal? A) It burns cleaner than most fossil fuels. B) The United States has a lot of coal. C) The mining of coal is relatively safe and environmentally friendly. D) It is the most efficient way to produce electricity. E) There are no advantages to using coal.

B) The United States has a lot of coal.

How does the burning of coal cause acid precipitation? A) The acid drainage from mining evaporates, which puts the acids into the air. B) The burning of coal puts out gases like sulfur dioxide, which can combine with water vapor in the air to form acids. C) Acids, which leach into the soil from the mining process, are transpired by plants that have taken them up. D) The equipment used for mining releases sulfur and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. E) The transporting of the coal mining releases sulfur and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

B) The burning of coal puts out gases like sulfur dioxide, which can combine with water vapor in the air to form acids.

Not killing a spider because it scares you is an example of what kind of value? A) instrumental B) intrinsic C) genetic D) ecosystem E) deterministic

B) intrinsic

Coal is a solid fossil fuel formed when plant material is buried in _____ conditions and subjected to _____ over a long time. A) oxygen-rich; high heat and pressure B) oxygen-poor; high heat and pressure C) oxygen-poor; low heat and pressure D) oxygen-rich; low heat and pressure E) none of the other answers are correct

B) oxygen-poor; high heat and pressure

Overburden is associated with what type of coal mining? A) subsurface mining B) surface mining C) fracking D) deep mining E) hydraulic mining

B) surface mining

The coordinated global effort to eliminate hunger by improving crop performance using modern agricultural technologies in developing countries is called: A) organic farming. B) the Green Revolution. C) eutrophication. D) the Food Act. E) None of these answers fits the description.

B) the Green Revolution.

Which factor(s) contribute(s) to the emergence of pesticide-resistant crop pest populations? A) lack of genetic diversity in the pest population B) the ability of individual pests within a population to survive exposure to the pesticide and reproduce C) organic farming techniques D) the ability of pesticide reapplication to kill all pests in a population E) All of these answers are factors that contribute to the emergence.

B) the ability of individual pests within a population to survive exposure to the pesticide and reproduce

_____ are organisms that have had their genetic information modified in a way that does not occur naturally. A) HMOs B) PMOs C) GMOs D) AMOs E) Hybrids

C) GMOs

Which statement is TRUE? A) Hydroelectric power accounts for the largest generation of electricity. B) The largest EROEI comes from nonrenewable energy sources. C) Nonrenewable sources account for the largest amount of energy generation. D) Natural gas has the largest EROEI for nonrenewable energy. E) None of the other answers are correct.

C) Nonrenewable sources account for the largest amount of energy generation.

Janis and John own a farm where they plant and harvest corn. The soil on the farm is not very rich in nutrients, so they use fertilizer. They also have to use water for irrigation, and pesticides to control the insect pests that eat the corn. Janis wants to try different farming methods. They use reduced tilling when planting the next year's crops, and plants alfalfa in alternating rows with the corn crops. They also plant some perennial wheat, and release ladybugs to help control the insect pests in the fields. Using ladybugs in the fields to help control insect pests is an example of _____ control: A) cultural B) mechanical C) biological D) chemical E) biographical

C) biological

Modern industrial agriculture methods: A) rely on renewable energy sources to power modern farming equipment. B) maintain and enrich ecosystem services. C) focus all resources on a single crop. D) avoid the use of chemical fertilizers. E) are referred to as organic.

C) focus all resources on a single crop.

Food self-sufficiency refers to the ability of an individual nation to: A) grow enough food to feed the majority of people in the world. B) export food crops for a profit. C) grow enough food to feed its people. D) control its own food system. E) import enough food to feed its people.

C) grow enough food to feed its people.

When the next ice age comes, species that are adapted to warmer climates will have to change their survival strategies. Nonrandom influences affecting which individuals survive and reproduce within the population are known as: A) macroevolution. B) endemic pressures. C) selective pressures. D) natural indicators. E) genetic pressures.

C) selective pressures.

Which statement is an advantage of sustainable farming for the farmer/environment? A) The soil is not degraded. B) There is less potential for water pollution. C) Beneficial insects are not killed. D) All of these answers are advantages. E) None of these answers is an advantage.

D) All of these answers are advantages.

Which statement about concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) is TRUE? A) Such operations raise only beef cattle. B) They use a lot of land relative to the number of animals raised. C) The manure is difficult to collect, as there are so many animals in a small space. D) Animals are generally not permitted to roam free. E) They have no net negative environmental impact.

D) Animals are generally not permitted to roam free.

Which statement is FALSE regarding a scientific theory? A) It can be modified over time as new information is discovered. B) It is the result of a hypothesis being repeatedly supported by many lines of inquiry. C) It has strong predictive powers that can explain observed phenomena. D) It is an idea based only on observations. E) It is a very well-supported hypothesis.

D) It is an idea based only on observations.

Which statement is NOT TRUE of surface mining compared to subsurface mining? A) Surface mining has safer conditions than subsurface mining. B) Surface mining creates greater damage to ecosystems than subsurface mining. C) Surface mining has more alteration to landscape than subsurface mining. D) Surface mining has greater expense than subsurface mining. E) Surface mining is easier and simpler than subsurface mining.

D) Surface mining has greater expense than subsurface mining.

What is the relationship between the Green Revolution and industrial agriculture? A) The Green Revolution focuses on sustainable, organic farming methods, while industrial agriculture focuses on chemicals and technology. B) The Green Revolution increased food production in less developed nations, while industrial agriculture increased food production in more developed nations. C) The Green Revolution focuses only on naturally available crops, while industrial agriculture focuses on high-yield varieties of crops. D) The Green Revolution took practices from industrial agriculture—like pesticide use, irrigation technologies, and high-yield crops—and brought them to developing nations like China and India. E) The Green Revolution focuses on small-scale, family-owned farms while industrial agriculture focuses on multifarm corporate companies.

D) The Green Revolution took practices from industrial agriculture—like pesticide use, irrigation technologies, and high-yield crops—and brought them to developing nations like China and India.

Which food likely has the SMALLEST carbon footprint? A) a pineapple shipped from Hawaii B) a soybean from a local commercial farm C) an organic banana shipped from Costa Rica D) an organic strawberry from a local farm E) An organic banana shipped from Costa Rica and an organic strawberry from a local farm have equally small footprints.

D) an organic strawberry from a local farm

The more genetically diverse a population is, the more likely that: A) favorable traits will be selected for evolution. B) the population will survive. C) the population will be lost to global climate change. D) favorable traits will be selected for evolution AND the population will survive. E) favorable traits will be selected for evolution AND the population will be lost to global climate change.

D) favorable traits will be selected for evolution AND the population will survive.

Janis and John own a farm where they plant and harvest corn. The soil on the farm is not very rich in nutrients, so they use fertilizer. They also have to use water for irrigation, and pesticides to control the insect pests that eat the corn. Janis wants to try different farming methods. They use reduced tilling when planting the next year's crops, and plants alfalfa in alternating rows with the corn crops. They also plant some perennial wheat, and release ladybugs to help control the insect pests in the fields. Which term BEST describes the original farming methods Janis and John were using? A) sustainable agriculture B) polyculture C) agroecology D) industrial agriculture E) organic farming

D) industrial agriculture

The lowest EROEI (i.e., net energy yield) for stationary sources of electricity comes from: A) wind. B) nuclear. C) coal. D) natural gas. E) geothermal.

D) natural gas.

The change in population size over time is known as: A) population momentum. B) crude birth rate. C) life expectancy. D) population growth rate. E) total fertility rate.

D) population growth rate.

What is biodiversity? A) the measurement of individuals in a particular population B) diversity that refers only to coloration of fur, feathers, and skin C) the variety of all living and nonliving things on Earth D) the variety of all living things on Earth E) a field of study that focuses on humans and their interactions with the environment

D) the variety of all living things on Earth

What is a known problem associated with industrial agriculture? A) greenhouse gas emission B) water pollution C) pesticide-resistant pests D) the disappearance of local, small, family-owned farms E) All are these answers are known problems.

E) All are these answers are known problems.

Why is 98% of the world's underfed population found in developing nations? A) war B) political unrest C) inability to recover from natural disasters D) lack of economic means to affect infrastructure solutions E) All of these answer choices are correct.

E) All of these answer choices are correct.

A rice farmer can use integrated farming techniques in which ducklings, azolla, and fish are used to produce their crops without any extra chemical additives. This integrated technique: A) represents a method of organic farming. B) is sustainable. C) produces more than just rice as a product to sell. D) eliminates the need for synthetic and toxic chemicals. E) All of these answers are correct.

E) All of these answers are correct.

Benefits of using coal as an energy source include: A) low-cost electricity. B) an established distribution system. C) ease of isolation. D) simple processing. E) All of these answers are correct.

E) All of these answers are correct.

How could governments support efforts to increase a community's food security? A) repair roads leading to markets B) support women farmers C) subsidize crops for local food supplies D) create a local seed bank E) All of these answers are correct.

E) All of these answers are correct.

Someone who is malnourished may not be getting an adequate amount of _____ in their daily diet. A) fats B) carbohydrates C) vitamins D) proteins E) All of these answers are correct.

E) All of these answers are correct.

Environmental issues caused by industrial farming techniques include: A) eutrophication. B) reliance on synthetic nitrogen fertilizer. C) heavy use of pesticides. D) formation of a dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico. E) All of these answers are environmental issues caused by industrial farming.

E) All of these answers are environmental issues caused by industrial farming.

Burning coal to generate electricity does NOT create: A) water pollution. B) particulates. C) thermal pollution. D) mercury. E) None of these answers is correct.

E) None of these answers is correct.

Sustainable agriculture is defined as a: A) plant-breeding program focused on developing high-yield varieties (HYVs) of grain crops. B) plant-breeding program focused on the production of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) to increase crop productivity or create new varieties of crops. C) farming method in which one crop variety is planted over a large area of land with significant inputs of fertilizer, pesticides, and water. D) farming method that does not use any synthetic fertilizer, pesticides, or other chemical additives. E) farming method that does not deplete resources, such as soil and water, faster than they are replaced.

E) farming method that does not deplete resources, such as soil and water, faster than they are replaced.

What are obesity and type 2 diabetes typically the result of? A) food insecurity B) kwashiorkor C) vitamin deficiencies D) wasting E) malnutrition

E) malnutrition

The distance a food travels from its site of production to the consumer is: A) decreased in countries where industrialized agriculture is practiced. B) typically less than 100 miles in the United States. C) not a sustainability issue, since fossil fuels are plentiful in most countries. D) not a factor when calculating the ecological footprint of a food. E) referred to as food miles.

E) referred to as food miles.

In monoculture agriculture, the crops grown are usually: A) a mix of plants. B) different each season. C) self-fertilizing. D) drought tolerant. E) the same single crop every year.

E) the same single crop every year.