Biol 114 Unit 2: Energy Drinks

Energy is stored in the bonds between atoms that make up energy nutrients. True or false?

True

Animals obtain chemical energy from A. The foods they eat B. The air they breathe C. Passively absorbing it from their surroundings D. The sun

A

During the steps of _________ reactions, water is removed from monomers, forming a polymer. A. Dehydration synthesis B. Redox C. Polymerization D. Hydrolysis

A

Fats, oils, and cholesterol are nutrient molecules called A. Lipids B. Proteins C. DNA D. Carbohydrates

A

How is energy stored in energy nutrients like carbohydrates and lipids? A. Energy is stored in the bonds between atoms in the molecules B. Energy is stored within the nucleus of each atom of the molecule C. Energy is stored in each nitrogen and oxygen atom with the nutrient molecule

A

The smaller individual units that combine to form complex carbohydrates are called A. Monosaccharides B. Triglycerides C. Amino acids D. Polysaccharides

A

Where do nutrients store their energy? A. Within the Chemical bonds of their molecule structure B. Within the carbon atoms of the structure C. Within the hydrogen atoms of the structure D. Within the nuclei of their atoms

A

Which of the following best describes an organ system? A. A group of organs that work to accomplish a common goal B. A group of cells that work to accomplish a common goal C. A group of tissues that work to accomplish a common goal D. All of the organs in a specific location of the body

A

Which of the following best describes he structure of ATP? A. ATP molecules are composed of a ribose sugar, a nitrogen-containing adenine molecule, and three phosphate groups B. ATP molecules are composed of a deoxyribose sugar, a nitrogen containing variable group, and three phosphate groups C. ATP molecules are composed of a deoxyribose sugar, a nitrogen-containing adenine adenine group, and two phosphate groups D. ATP molecules are composed of a ribose sugar, a nitrogen-containing adenine molecule, and two phosphate groups.

A

Which of the following best describes the source of energy for nearly all life on earth? A. Solar energy, or energy from the sun B. Mechanical energy, or the energy of movement C. Geothermal energy, or the energy from the earth's geological process D. Chemical energy, or the energy stored in chemical bonds

A

Which of the following descriptions best describes chemical digestion? A. The collection of processes that break down nutrients into smaller units through enzymatic reactions B. The breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules by adding water C. The collection of processes that increase the surface area of food so chemical digestion is more efficient D. The collection of processes that regulate the salt concentration of the bloodstream

A

Which of the following is most directly responsible for the specific properties of a molecule? A. The functional groups that are attached to it B. The number of oxygen atoms within the molecule C. The number of carbon atoms within the molecule D. The presence or absence of nitrogen

A

Which of the following statements best describes the structure of carbohydrates? A. Carbohydrates are composed of one or more monosaccharides, which are small ringed structures that have carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio B. Carbohydrates are composed of repeating units of amino acids that are bonded together C. Carbohydrates are composed of a glycerol group and three fatty acid tails D. Carbohydrates are composed of a hydrophilic phosphate head and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails

A

Which of these statements best summarizes why living organisms need energy? A. Living organisms use energy for processes of life, including metabolism and organization B. Living organisms use energy in order to move so that they can respond to environmental stimuli C. Living organisms use energy to make glucose, which they can break down and use during respiration

A

All organic nutrients contain which of the following elements ? Choose the best answer. A. Carbon B. Oxygen C. Hydrogen D. Nitrogen

A & C

Which of the following characteristics are shared by all living things? Select all that apply. A. The ability to acquire energy B. The ability to convert Solar energy into chemical energy C. The ability to use energy D. The ability to use energy for movement

A & C

Match the following A. The source of energy for almost all life; comes from the sun B. Energy found in the bonds between atoms of a molecule C. The energy of movement — 1. Solar energy 2. Mechanical energy 3. Chemical energy

A(1), B(3), C(2)

Which of these would you include if you were to summarize why living organisms require energy? A. Living organisms need energy to carry out metabolism B. Living organisms need energy to conduct activities C. Living organisms need energy to stay organized D. Living organisms need energy to make their own food

A, B, & C

Select all of those molecules from the list that are examples of lipids? A. Phospholipids B. Oils C. Glycogen D. DNA E. Cholesterol

A, B, & E

Which of the following are correct regarding carbohydrates? Choose the best answer. A. They are the preferred energy source of cells B. They contain energy in carbon-carbon bonds C. Polysaccharides are long chains of glucose molecules D. They are hydrophilic

A, B, C, & D

Which of the following are correct regarding the concept of entropy? Choose the best answer. A. It is explained by the second law of thermodynamics B. It is the measure of the amount of heat produced by a system C. It is the measure of disorder in a system D. Cells must constantly acquire energy to prevent entropy

A, C, & D

Select those forms of energy that are important for life. A. Chemical energy B. Gravitational energy C. Solar energy D. Geothermal energy E. Mechanical energy

A, C, & E

Select the three major classes of energy nutrients from the list provided. A. Carbohydrates B. Water C. Vitamins D. Lipids E. Protein F. ATP

A, D, & E

select all of the following components of a molecule of ATP. A. Three phosphate groups B. Two phosphate groups C. One of 20 different nitrogen-containing variable groups D. Ribose sugar E. Adenine

A, D, & E

Select all of the following that are examples of carbohydrates. A. Lactose B. Phospholipids C. ATP D. Oils E. Starch F. Glucose

A, E, & F

In humans, the energy from food is converted into ___, the molecule that is used for all life processes.

ATP

When humans consume food, the energy from it breaks down and is converted into a molecule called ___.

ATP

According to the second law of thermodynamics, the entropy of a system _____ over time. A. Stays the same B. Increases C. Fluctuates up and down D. Decreases

B

Animals require a source of outside food to obtain the _____ needed for their life processes. A. Solar energy B. Chemical energy C. DNA D. RNA

B

At this level of structure, the protein often assumes its function within a cell. Choose the best answer. A. Primary B. Tertiary C. Quaternary D. Secondary

B

Carbohydrates provide a source of ______ for life processes. A. Blueprints B. Energy C. Protection D. Insulation

B

From the list, choose those foods that are good sources of carbohydrates. A. Yogurt and full fat milk B. Bread and rice C. Nuts and seeds D. Meat and cheese

B

Potential energy and kinetic energy are forms of: Choose the best answer. A. Chemical energy B. Mechanical energy C. Solar energy D. All of the above are correct

B

The functional group COOH, found in both amino acids and fatty acids, is called a(n) _____ group. A. Phosphate B. Carboxyl C. Hydrocarbon D. Hydroxyl

B

The majority of fats in the diet are ______. Choose the best answer. A. Phospholipids B. Triglycerides C. Cholesterol (sterols)

B

The prefix "hydro-" means ______, while the suffix "lytic-" means ______. These describe the steps involved in hydrolytic reactions. A. Fearing; to hide B. Water; to break apart C. Water; fearing D. Loving; to break apart

B

The processes that use enzymes to break down nutrients into molecules that are small enough to be absorbed into the bloodstream are collectively referred to as A. Mechanical digestion B. Chemical digestion C. Dehydration synthesis reactions D. Hydrolysis reactions

B

Which of the following best describes energy? A. The ability to move objects or materials from one place to another B. The capacity or power to do work, or to transfer power elsewhere C. The capacity to produce heat D. The ability to store power in chemical structures

B

Which of the following energy nutrients provides energy to the body? A. Vitamins B. Carbohydrates C. Minerals D. Water

B

Which of the following is most directly responsible for the specific properties of a molecule? A. The presence or absence of nitrogen B. The functional groups that are attached to it C. The number of carbon atoms within the molecule D. The number of oxygen atoms within the molecule

B

Which of the following statements best describes ATP? A. When ADP+P becomes ATP, the amount of energy released is enough for a biological purpose B. ATP is comprised of a sugar, base, and three phosphate groups C. ATP is formed when energy is released during photosynthesis D. ADP is extremely high in potential energy

B

Based on the first law of thermodynamics, select all of the following that apply to energy. A. Energy can be created B. Energy can be transferred C. Energy can be transformed D. Energy can be destroyed

B & C

Energy changes forms as it flows through ecosystems. Place the following energy types in order to describe their flow, starting with the source of all energy on earth at the top. A. Mechanical energy B. Solar energy C. Chemical energy

B --> C --> A

Which of the following nutrients provide energy to the body? select all that apply. A. Water B. Lipids C. Carbohydrates D. Proteins E. Vitamins F. Minerals

B, C, & D

Which of these statements would you include to describe why living organisms require organic nutrients? A. Organic molecules contain all of the molecules needed to make our own food B. Organic nutrients provide cells with energy C. The body's cells can use energy that is stored within organic molecules after the body breaks the bonds in these molecules D. Organic nutrients contain energy in their bonds

B, C, & D

Select all of the following that are functional groups commonly found in organic nutrients. A. Glucose groups B. Carboxyl groups C. Hydroxyl groups D. Hydrogen groups E. Amino groups

B, C, & E

From the following list, select all of those that are good sources of dietary proteins. A. Apples B. Peanut butter C. Carrots D. Doughnuts E. Chicken drumsticks F. Beef jerky

B, E, & F

All fats and oils are composed of A. A phosphate head and two fatty acid tails B. An amino group, a variable R-group, and a carboxyl group, all centered around a central carbon atom C. A glycerol group and three fatty acids D. A five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base

C

During a hydrolytic reaction, A. Nitrogen gas from the atmosphere bonds to individual monomers of a polymer, breaking them apart B. Water splits into water and hydrogen gas, which are combustible. The combustion splits the polymer apart into individual monomers C. Water splits into hydrogen and hydroxide, each of which bond to individual monomers of a polymer, breaking them apart D. Hydroxide from one monomer binds with hydrogen from another monomer, forming water. The monomers are bonded together to form a polymer

C

Molecules that contain both carbon and hydrogen and provide energy for life processes are called ________ A. Phospholipids B. Inorganic molecules C. Organic molecules D. Carbohydrates

C

The chemical reactivity of an organic molecule is largely determined by which of the following? Choose the best answer. A. The length of the hydrocarbon chain B. The number of hydrogens per carbon C. The types of functional groups attached to the hydrocarbon chain D. All of the above are correct

C

The second law of thermodynamics describes how the conversion of energy from one form to another result in A. A gain of energy in the form of heat B. No gain or loss of energy as energy transfer is 100% efficient C. A loss of energy in the form of heat

C

Which of the following descriptions best defines mechanical digestion? A. The collection of processes that allow nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream B. The processes that regulate the glucose concentrations of the bloodstream C. The collection of processes that increase the surface area of food to make chemical digestion more efficient D. The breakdown of nutrients into smaller molecules through enzymatic reactions

C

Which of the following is an example of a carbohydrate? A. Vitamins B. Cholesterol C. Glycogen D. DNA

C

Which of the following is one of the main roles of carbohydrates within living organisms? A. Providing a means to transport oxygen throughout the body B. Storing genetic information for protein synthesis C. Providing a source of energy for life processes D. Providing insulation agains cold and protection against injury

C

Which of the following organelles converts chemical energy into ATP within cells? A. Chloroplast B. Endoplasmic reticulum C. Mitochondria D. Ribosome

C

Which of these statements best describes the stomach? A. The stomach is a key digestive organ that functions in the production of digestive enzymes for use in the small intestine B. The stomach is an accessory organ of the digestive system that functions to lubricate food and provide enzymes to begin carbohydrate digestion. C. The stomach is a major organ of the digestive system that mechanically mixes foods and begins the process of protein digestion

C

Which statement best describes why living organisms require organic nutrients? A. Organic nutrients contain oxygen and carbon, which are the basic building blocks of life B. Organic nutrients are required to produce food using energy from the sun C. Organic nutrients are the source of energy for living organisms

C

Select the two components that make up all fats and oils. A. Phosphate group B. Amino group C. Three fatty acid tails D. Glycerol E. 5 carbon sugar

C & D

From the following list of energy nutrients, match the foods that provide good sources of those nutrients.

Carbohydrates: bread, cereals, potatoes Lipids: lard, oils, avocados Protein: meats, legumes, seeds

Differentiate between the types of energy nutrients by matching each type of energy to its nutrient.

Carbohydrates: monosaccharides and polysaccharides Lipids: fats and oils Protein: hormones and enzymes

Compare and contrast the energy nutrients by matching each type of energy nutrient to its function(s).

Carbohydrates: structural molecules and immediacy and stored energy Lipids: long-term energy storage Protein: metabolism and transport

ATP molecules are able to store and transport ________ energy in the bonds between the phosphate groups.

Chemical

The bonds within the atoms of a molecule store ________ energy, which can be released when an organism needs energy for life processes.

Chemical

The energy contained within the glucose bonds found in some food molecules is called ________ energy.

Chemical

The process of photosynthesis converts solar energy into ________ energy, which is the energy that is usable by organisms for life processes.

Chemical

Solar energy is converted into chemical energy by organelles called _________ within plant cells.

Chloroplasts

Select the ultimate source of energy for all living things on earth. A. Geothermal energy B. Mechanical energy C. Chemical energy D. Solar energy

D

The prefix mono means A. Water B. Many C. Containing carbon D. One

D

The purpose of the digestive system is to allow _____ to be broken down into _____ that can then be used elsewhere in the body. A. Monomers; Polymers B. Nutrients; Water C. Water; Nutrients D. Polymers; Monomers

D

Which of the following best defines an organ? A. A collection of cells that have a similar structure and function B. A collection of bones and muscles that aid living organisms in life processes C. The smallest unit of all living things D. A collection of tissues that work together to accomplish a common task

D

Which of the following best describes how monomers are bonded together to form polymers? A. Both monomers split in half, releasing energy. The energy goes to bond the monomer parts together B. Hydrogen atoms from both monomers are released, forming hydrogen gas. The two monomers are left bonded together C. A nitrogen from one monomer bonds with a nitrogen from another monomer, forming nitrogen gas. The two monomers are left bonded together D. A hydroxide from one monomer bonds with a hydrogen from another monomer, forming water. The two monomers are left bonded together

D

Which of the following describes the first law of thermodynamics? A. States that energy can be both created and destroyed B. Describes how entropy increases in systems over time C. States that energy cannot be created or destroyed D. Describes how energy can be converted between forms

D

Which of the following is one of the major classes of energy nutrients that the body digests for energy production? A. Nutrients B. Vitamins C. Water D. Carbohydrates

D

Which of the following organs are responsible for producing and storing bile to assist in lipid digestion? A. Liver and pancreas B. Small and large intestines C. Salivary glands and the mouth D. Liver gallbladder

D

Which of the following types of reactions uses water to break apart polymers into the individual monomers? A. Dehydration synthesis reactions B. Combustion reactions C. Redox reactions D. Hydrolytic reactions

D

The overall goal of the ________ system is to break down nutrients to be used elsewhere in the body.

Digestive

In order to maintain their organization and carry out metabolic activities, organisms need a constant source of ______

Energy

In order to maintain their organization and carry out metabolic activities, organisms need a constant source of ______.

Energy

The ability to do work or bring about change is called ______.

Energy

The capacity to do work, specifically in the form of mechanical, solar, and chemical ______ is important for the existence of life.

Energy

Nutrients store energy in the nuclei of there atoms. True or false?

False

According to the _____ law of thermodynamics, energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transferred or transformed.

First

The special combination of atoms that provide organic molecules with their specific characteristics are called ________ groups.

Functional

Triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids are all examples of ______, a class of organic energy nutrients.

Lipids

Polysaccharides are given their prefix ("poly-") because they consist of _____ sugar molecule(s).

Many

The prefix "poly-" means _____.

Many

The processes that increase the surface area of food so chemical digestion is more efficient are collectively referred to as ___________ digestion.

Mechanical

Chemical bonds join small molecules called _______ to make larger molecules called polymers.

Monomers

Monosaccharides are given their prefix ("mono-") because they consist of ___ sugar molecule(s).

One

A collection of tissues that work together to accomplish a common task is called a(n) _____.

Organ

A group of organs that work together to accomplish a common task is called a(n) _____ system.

Organ

A group of organs that work together to accomplish a common task is called a(n) ______ system.

Organ

Molecules that are composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms and provide energy for life processes are called ______ nutrients.

Organic

The functional group that contains phosphorus, oxygen, and hydrogen and is responsible for helping to build molecules of ATP is called a(n) _______ group.

Phosphate

Chemical bonds join small monomers to create larger molecules called _______.

Polymers

The process of photosynthesis converts _____ energy, which is the source of all energy on earth, into chemical energy, which is useable by organisms for life processes.

Solar

The ultimate source of energy for living things is _____ energy.

Solar

Within an ecosystem, _____ ______ is converted into ________ _____, which is then converted into _____ ______.

Solar energy; chemical energy; mechanical energy

When the bonds within a chemical molecule are broken _____ is released, which fuels life processes. A. Entropy B. Heat C. Solar energy D. Energy

energy