BIOL 1400 (fundamentals of nutrition) - ch. 8&9

The risk of hypertension is increased by

All of these are risk factors for hypertension.

Carlos has a condition known as xerophthalmia. Which of the following foods could he consume to treat this disorder?

All of these would be foods that he could consume to treat this disorder.

LaTonya has just returned from her 6 mile run. She forgot to take her water bottle. Which of the following processes is most likely happening in LaTonya's body?

Antidiuretic hormone is signaling the kidneys to reabsorb water, thus decreasing the amount of water lost in the urine.

Which of the following vitamins is water-soluble

B12

Which of the following is FALSE about hypertension?

Dietary intake of sodium, but not magnesium or calcium, affects blood pressure.

Choose the statement that is true about iron.

Heme iron is absorbed better than nonheme iron.

Outward symptoms of hypertension include

There are no outward symptoms of hypertension..

Which of the following statements is true about vitamins?

They are required in very small quantities

All of the B vitamins are coenzymes.

True

Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional deficiency.

True

Pathogenic acid is needed for the breakdown of carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids.

True

Smokers have higher vitamin C needs than nonsmokers.

True

The wide distribution of pantothenic acid in foods makes it deficiency rare in humans.

True

Which of the following regarding vitamin B12 is FALSE?

Vitamin B12 is absorbed into the duodenum (upper section) of the small intestine

Which of the following statements is true?

Vitamins are organic compounds

Which of the following statements regarding vitamin A is FALSE?

Worldwide, vitamin A deficiency is rare

Iodine is

a component of the thyroid hormones.

___ is the major symptom of vitamin K deficiency

abnormal blood clotting

When vitamin A is deficient,

all of the choices are correct

Good sources of riboflavin are found in

animal products

Barry's diet lacks foods that contain thiamin. As a result of his diet, he has a high risk of

beriberi

Which of the following is NOT a trace mineral?

calcium

Which of the following minerals are emphasized in the DASH diet?

calcium and magnesium

Which of the following minerals have a role in blood pressure regulation?

calcium and magnesium

Some minerals act as

cofactors

Most of the symptoms of scurvy are related to vitamin C's role in the synthesis of

collagen

Which of the following does NOT increase a person's need for water?

consuming a low-sodium diet

Which MyPlate food group is the richest source of vitamin D?

dairy

Which of the following MyPlate food group is the richest source of vitamin D?

dairy

Most people in the U.S. need to _____ their sodium intake and _____ their potassium intake to meet recommendations for a healthy diet.

decrease, increase

Tap water cannot be sold in the United States as bottled water.

false

The FDA approves the safety and effectiveness of supplements before they are marketed.

false

The best food sources for folate and vitamin B12 are fresh fruits and vitamins.

false

Vitamins are energy-yielding nutrients that provide 4 Cal/g.

false

Women of childbearing age should consume _____ daily from fortified foods or supplements.

folic acid

All of the following MyPlate food groups are good sources of vitamin B12 except for the _____ group.

fruits

Infants who are most likely to develop rickets

have dark skin

Which of the following mineral combinations are emphasized in the DASH diet?

high potassium, calcium, and magnesium intake

When consumed with food, vitamin C enhances the absorption of

iron

Dried fruits are good sources of which of the following minerals?

iron and potassium

A major mineral is one that

is needed in the diet in amounts greater than 100 milligrams per day.

Vitamin D is called the sunshine vitamin because

its synthesis starts in the skin by exposure to ultraviolet light

In general, minerals in plant foods have an absorption rate that is _______ that in animal foods.

lower than

Which of the following minerals stabilizes the structure of ATP?

magnesium

It is recommended that older adults get their vitamin B12 from fortified foods and supplements because

many have atrophic gastritis and are not able to absorb the vitamin B12 found in foods

Which of the following is a POOR source of beta-carotene?

milk

If antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels decrease, you would expect that

more water is excreted in the urine.

All of the following are functions of water in the human body EXCEPT:

regulation of blood cholesterol levels

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the human body?

regulation of blood glucose

If milk is exposed to light, this can reduce its ___ content

riboflavin

_______ is a disease caused by vitamin C deficiency. It is characterized by bleeding gums, join paint, and tooth loss.

scurvy

Vitamins are primarily absorbed in the

small intestine

Which of the following is NOT a trace mineral?

sodium

Which list below best reflects the minerals that aid transmission of nerve impulses and provide for optimal muscle contraction?

sodium, calcium, potassium, and chloride

Which of the following minerals help regulate fluid balance?

sodium, potassium, and chloride

The major electrolytes in the body include all of the following minerals EXCEPT

sulfur

All of the following are true about thirst EXCEPT that

thirst is a weak urge, which does not reflect our need for water.

Consuming a diet that follows the DASH pattern lowers blood pressure in individuals with elevated blood pressure even when sodium levels are not severely restricted.

true

Dehydration due to diarrhea is a major cause of death in children in the developing world.

true

Iron status and copper status are interrelated.

true

Much of the bottled water sold in the U.S. is tap water.

true

The bioavailability of iron varies based on the need for iron in the body.

true

When fluoride intake is low, tooth decay is more frequent.

true

Worldwide, iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional deficiency.

true

Zinc is the most abundant intracellular trace mineral.

true

Which of the following vitamins is NOT added to grains during enrichment?

vitamin B12

Elevated blood homocysteine has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Deficiencies of ____ may increase levels of homocysteine in the blood.

vitamin B6, folate, and vitamin B12

Which of the following vitamins are not included on food labels?

vitamin D

Which of the following vitamins must be included on food labels?

vitamin D

The human body can absorb some of the _____ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria

vitamin K

In their role as antioxidants, ___ guard cell membranes, body proteins, DNA, and cholesterol, and this help prevent heart disease, cancer, macular degeneration, and other chronic disease.

vitamins C and E

Which of the following is NOT associated with increased risk of developing osteoporosis?

walking daily for exercise