Biology 2 (flowers)
gymnosperms
"naked seed" - seed bearing plant
style
: a slender stalk attached to the ovary. its function is to hold the sigma at the most opportune position for acquiring pollen as well as to provide a path for the pollen to grow its way to the female gamete
Give an example of a plant that would have imperfect flowers (only stamens or only pistils)
Corn
What is the difference between pollination and fertilization
Fertilization is the fusion of 2 or more cells to become single cell and is where the two sperm nuclei enter the embryo sac of the ovule, then the one sperm nucleus will unite with the egg cell. Pollination is when pollen grains are produced in the anthers in great numbers, when they mature they transfer to stigma
Filament
Holds the anther up so the pollen can spread
Explain why meiosis is necessary in plant reproduction
Meiosis is necessary because the 3N cell can't become the endosperm which would become the cotyledons
Receptacle
Supports all the parts of the flower
Corolla
To attract pollen
Calyx
To protect the flower
Sepal
To protect the flower bud before it booms
locule
a hollow chamber within the ovary of a plant
Sessile
attached directly by its base without a stalk
Imperfect flower
imperfect flower either lacks stamens and is called carpel late or lacks carpels and is called staminate
stigma
is at the end of the style and is a thickened portion and produces a sticky secretion. Its function of the stigma is to trap pollen grains with its sticky secretions.
cotyledon
it grows out of the embryo and absorbs the endosperm (stored food)
embryo
it is what the zygote turns into
Corolla Tube
the inner envelope of floral leaves of a flower, usually of delicate texture
pollen tube
: a slender tubular outgrowth from a pollen grain when deposited on the stigma for a flower;
Double fertilization
: the fusions of 2n (zygote -fusion of one sperm nucleus and one egg cell) and 3n cells (endosperms - fusion of two polar nuclei and one sperm nucleus). Forming zygotes and endosperms
pistil
; female part of the flower (consists of stigma, style and ovary)
micropyle
A minute (micro) opening in the ovule of a seed plant through which the pollen tube usually enters.
Anther
A sac like structure that contains and produces pollen
fertilization
Plant fertilization is the union of male and female gametes (reproductive cells) to produce a zygote (fertilized egg). ...
What are the three means of pollination
Insects, winds, and self
integument
The outer cell layers of the ovule enclosing the nucellus
meiosis
a special type of cell division, in which the nuclei of the resulting cells, ONLY have HALF of the usual number of chromosomes
what are the 6 dispersal mechanisms of seeds
animals eating, human agriculture, animal accidental, wind, mechanical, water
hypocotyl
becomes the root system of the plant and will develop from the part of the germ
2N
diploid - is the number of chromosomes in the zygote after fertilization . In plants his would be the sporophyte.
sperm nuclei
either of two nuclei that derive from the generative nucleus of a pollen grain and function in the fertilization of a seed plant
3N
endosperm - fusion of two polar nuclei and one sperm nucleus
ovary
enlarged basal portion of the pistil. Its function is to produce the ovules which contain the female gametes, as well as to develop into the fruit after the ovules have been fertilized.
zygote
fertilized egg - fusion of a sperm nucleus and an egg cell. (2n)
1N
haploid - 1n is the number of chromosomes in the gametes (and gametophytes in plants).
seed coat
integument toughens to form the seed coat to protect the ovary
stamen
male part of the flower (consists of anther and the filament)
tube nucleus
one of the nuclei that will begin the growth the pollen tube
Perfect flower
perfect flower has both stamens and carpels
Fusion of petals
petals operate to protect some parts of the flower and attract/repel specific pollinators.
embryo sac
the female gametophyte of a seed plant consisting of a thin-walled sac within the nucleus that contains the egg nucleus and other nuclei which give rise to endosperm on fertilization.
Petal
the parts of the flower that are often conspicuously colored
pollination
the transfer of pollen to a stigma, ovule, flower, or plant to allow fertilization.
hilium
white scar-like marking on the inner curve of a bean
epicotyl
will grow into the above ground portions of the plant and form the shoot at germination