Biology

match the number on the picture with the correct name of the chloroplast part

1- Stroma 2- Inner and Outer Membrane 3-Thylakoid Membranes

match the organism with their correct cell wall composition

1. bacteria:peptidoglycan 2.plant:cellulose and lignin 3.animal:cell wall absent 4. fungi: chitin

select all the examples that correctly demonstrate the relationship between surface area and volume

1. cellular extensions increase the cell surface area to volume ratio 2.root hairs, flat leaves, and feathery gills increase surface area 3. a large round cell has a lower surface area to volume ratio than a thin flat cell

select ways that cells avoid surface area limitations

1. efficient transportation system within cell 2. long or thin shape

select all of the following that are true about organisms in Domain bacteria

1. important decomposers and producers 2.some live in human intestines and help with digestion 3. some are used to make pharmaceuticals 4. earths oldest organisms

select all of the following that are true about prokaryotes

1. lack a nucleus 2. simplest types of life 3. most ancient forms of life on earth

select all of the following that are examples in which the ratio of surface area to volume of cells is increased

1. paramecia are horizontally flattened in shape 2. amoebas have extensions of their cell membrane 3. nerve cells are long and thin

select all of the following that describes compound microscopes

1. uses two or more lenses to focus visible light 2. type of light microscope 3. commonly used in biology lab courses

match the type of vacuole with its correct functions

1.central vacuole in plants: contains enzymes, salts, pigments, sugars, and acids 2.food vacuole in amoebas: digest nutrients engulfed by cell 3. contractile vacuole in paramecium:pump excess water out of the cell

match each number on the diagram to its correct label picture

1:ribosomes 2:cytoplasm 3:nucleoid 4:cell membrane 5:cell wall 6: polysaccharide capsule 7:flagellum

select all of the following types of cells that usually possess cell walls.

Archaeal, algal, bacterial, plant, and fungal

in this picture of the endomembrane system the structure in the black circle indicated by the arrow is called the

Golgi apparatus

if secondary cell walls are present in plant cells, they are located inside primary cell walls and are more rigid due to the presence of the polymer

Lignin

the area within the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell where the circular DNA molecule is found is called the ---- and is not bounded by a membrane

Nucleoid

tunnel called ---- occur in the cell walls of two adjacent plant cells and allow the cells to communicate and exchange materials with each other

Plasmodesmata

select all of the following that are present in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells

RNA, cytoplasm,ribosomes,DNA

more powerful microscopes of the nineteenth century allowed -----to first observe

Robert brown

in 1855 who proposed that all cells come form preexisting cells?

Rudolph virchow

select all of the characteristics of eukaryotic

System of internal membranesnucleus larger than prokaryotic cells nucleus

proteins on the surface of cell membranes which enable cell to stick to other cells are called ---- proteins

adhesion

select all of the following that are true about eukaryotic flagella

anchored by basal body, 2. prominent in sperm cells 3. and contain microtubules

------ junctions link cytoskeletal filaments of adjacent animal cells in one place like a rivet

anchoring

what type of cell junction is shown in the picture ( the cell intestine are spiky)

anchoring junction

the outer polysaccharide layer colored green in the image of a bacterium and indicated by the arrow is called the

capsule

what microbiologist discovered key molecular differences between two types of prokaryotes and following his work biologist divided life into three domains

carl worse

what is the smallest unit of life that can function independently?

cell

what surrounds the cell membrane of most bacteria and provides structure and protection

cell wall

all living things consist of one or more -----

cells

what plant organelle is shown in the image and contains photosynthetic pigments?

chloroplasts

some protists like paramecium are able to move through a watery environment with thousands of short extensions on the cell called ----

cilia

the microfilaments intermediate filaments and microtubules shown in the picture comprise the ---- which is a network of proteins that provide a structural framework within the cell

cytoskeleton

modern cell theory added three more ideas to the original cell theory, including that all cells have the same chemical composition all cells use ----- and all cells contain ---- as the genetic information that is duplicated and passed on when cells divide

energy: DNA

proteins that increase the speed of chemical reactions on the cell membrane and in other parts of the cell are called -----

enzymes

key genetic sequences suggest that archaea are more closely related to membrane of domain ---- than they are to members of domain bacteria

eukarya

domain--- is eukaryotic with nuciel and membrane bound organelles whereas domains--- and --- are prokaryotic without nucliel or other membrane bound organelles

eukaryote, archaea, bacteria

the picture shows a ----- cell

eukaryotic

select all of the following that differ between domains Bacteria and Archaea

evolutionary relationship to eukaryotes 2. chemical composition of flagella 3. molecules that compose the cell membranes

imagine an inflating balloon. as the balloon grows its volume increases----- than its surface area

faster

the cell wall opening in plant cells called plasmodesmata are most similar to ------- junctions in animal cells

gap

a small cube shaped object has a surface area to volume ratio that is ---- that of a large cube shaped object

greater than

what English physicist first observed the outlines of cells when he looked at cork from an oak tree?

hooke

the head of a phospholipid is ---- meaning its polar covalent bonds attract water, but the walls of a phospholipid are ---- and this water insoluble

hydrophilic, hydrophobic

the ---- microscope is ideal for viewing living cells that are between 200 nanometers and 1 millimeter in size?

light

all cell have a cell --- that surrounds the cytoplasm and form a boundary between the cell and its environment

membrane

organelles carry out speciaized functions in the cell and are enclosed by

membranes

dutch scientist Antony van leeuwenhoek improved lenses for magnification and used them in devices called

microscopes

cellular respiration extracts energy from food and take place in the organelle called a

mitochondria

select all of the cell parts that are involved in the endomembrane system

nuclear envelope, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum

a eukaryotic cell is different from a prokaryotic cell in that it contains

nucleus

biological membranes are selectively ----- meaning they allow only specific types of molecules to pass into or out of the cell

permeable

the molecule shown in the picture is a

phospholipid

what molecules are key components of cell membranes and are arranged in bilayers to form membranes?

phospholipids

German biologist schleidan and Schwann were the first to

propose the cell theory

select all of the following that are able to move laterally within the cell membrane giving it the description of a fluid mosaic

proteins phospholipids

what type of cell membrane protein binds molecule on the cells exterior which triggers a reaction in the cell interior

receptor proteins

what type of cell membrane proteins help the body identify its own cells ?

recognition proteins

match the following cellular features found in all cells with their correct function in the cell

ribosome - site of protein production cytoplasm - all cell contents except the nucleus cell membrane - lipid-rich boundary between the cells and outside environment DNA - contains genetic information

select all of the following that are able to pass freely through the phospholipid bilayer

small nonpolar molecules, O2 and CO2, lipids

lipids, detoxifying and membrane components are produced and stored in the ----- endoplasmic reticulum.

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

select the three common shapes of bacterial cells

spiral round rod shaped

lipids called --- which include cholesterol are membrane components that aid in membrane fluidity

steroids

what type of organic molecules help maintain membrane fluidity as temperature fluctuates

steroids

two types of electrons microscopes are ---- electrons microscopes which pass electrons through a specimen and ----- electron microscopes which beam electrons over the surface of a metal- coated specimen

transmission: scanning

what type of cell membrane protein allow molecules and ions to enter or exit the cell?

transport proteins

select all of the following that are functions of the cytoskeleton in the cell

transportation, aids cell division, and structural support

true or false: most cells have a small size that is less than 0.1 mm in diameter to maximize surface area relative to volume

true

what is a correct description of a confocal microscope?

white or laser light is focused through a lens and the image passes through a pinhole

select all the roles that membrane play in cells

***A. Transport substances into and out of the cell***B. Receive and respond to external stimuli***C. Enclose organelles in eukaryotic cells

select all of the following that describes electron microscopes

***A. Use beam of electrons instead of light. ***C. Expensive to build and operate. ***D. Usually require that specimen be killed. ***F. Provide greater magnification than light microscopes.

select the three components of the cell theory devised in the mid-1800s

***C. All cells originate from preexisting cells* **D. The cell is the fundamental unit of all life ***E. All organisms are made of one or more cells