Biology B v.3 : 4. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

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lymph

Interstitial body liquid that is between the cells, not in them or in the circulation

Bowman's capsule

Part of the nephron in the kidney

cilia

Short filaments which wave to move mucus and debris out of the lungs

bronchial tube

Smaller branches of the bronchi within the lungs

larynx

The "voice box," which contains the vocal cords in the neck

pharynx

The back part of the throat cavity

abdominal cavity

The cavity that lies between the thorax and the pelvis

pelvis

The central region or cavity of the kidney where urine collects

nephron

The functioning unit of the kidney for urine production

medulla

The innermost layer of a body organ like the kidney or adrenal gland.

serum

The liquid of portion of the blood from which clotting factors have been removed

plasma

The liquid portion of the blood

cortex

The outer part of organs like the adrenal gland, cerebrum, or kidney

phagocytosis

The process of a cell engulfing its food, sometimes called "cell eating"

filtration

The process of removing impurities from the blood

platelet

The solid structures within the blood which are important in clotting

metabolism

The sum of all body chemistry

ureter

The tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside.

bronchi

The two tubes into which the trachea divide to go into each lung

alveoli

Tiny sacs within the lungs which increase the respiratory surface

Antibodies are found in the blood plasma. True False

True

It is possible to live without a gall bladder. True False

True

Plants also have a circulatory system to transport nutrients to and from cells. [phloem and xylem] True False

True

The absorption of oxygen into individual cells is part of respiration. True False

True

The lungs eliminate CO2 gas from the body. True False

True

jaundice

a condition resulting from bile in the blood, in which a patient's skin has a yellow color

A body system consists of: all of the above all the functions of a particular organ all the tissues which make up a complex organ a group of organs which perform a common function

a group of organs which perform a common function

insulin

a hormone secreted by the pancreas which lowers the level of the blood sugar

leukocyte

a white blood cell

The process of food entering the blood stream is called _________________.

absorption

Air entering the lungs terminates in the: bronchus diaphragm alveoli bronchioles

alveoli

An irritation of the stomach lining results in

an ulcer

A small organ called the ________________________ is positioned between the large and small intestine.

appendix

intestinal flora

bacteria within the large intestine which help break down digested food material

The ultimate purpose of the digestive system is to: process oxygen and put it into the blood stream create carbohydrates, proteins, and fats make protein which builds and maintains the body break down food so that nutrients can be absorbed into the blood

break down food so that nutrients can be absorbed into the blood

The diffusion of food molecules from the digestive tract into the blood ________________________ occurs at the blood ________________________ .

capilliaries villi

What is the function of bile? causes fats to dissolve in water helps with the absorption of water an enzyme which accelerates digestion lowers blood sugar levels

causes fats to dissolve in water

The circulatory system removes waste products from: blood and cells blood cells skin

cells

A major cause of emphysema as stated in the text is: vitamin deficiency cigarette smoking viral infections coal mining

cigarette smoking

Reduction of gas diffusion as a result of _______________ alveolar surface area is a medical condition known as emphysema.

decreased

Complete the following statement. Artificial filtration of the blood is called ______________.

dialysis

The muscle tissue assemblage which permits expansion of the lungs is called the ribsdiaphragmheart.

diaphragm

The disassembly of food inside an organism is called: digestion assimilation decomposition absorption

digestion

Saliva contains a(n) ____________ which accelerates the digestion of ____________.

enzyme starches

The tissue which diverts food from the trachea upon swallowing is the ______________.

epiglottis

The process of blood ________________ takes place in the Bowmans Capsule of the nephron.

filtration

villi

fingerlike projections which serve to increase the inner surface area for absorption of food

The common bile duct receives secretions from the: gall bladder pancreas stomach small intestine liver

gall bladder pancreas liver

Glucagon and insulin are two of the _____________________ produced by the pancreas to aid in digestion.

hormones

The primary digestive substance in the stomach is _______________.

hydrochloric acid

Food which enters the large intestine is broken down by: enzymes intestinal flora protozoa hydrochloric acid

intestinal flora

The primary organ responsible for eliminating liquid waste is the: large intestine liver kidney skin

kidney

Most absorption of water occurs in the: veins and arteries stomach small intestine large intestine

large intestine

Match the blood cells with their associations: disease protection carries CO2 devoid of nucleus phagocytosis thromboplastin lymph glands fibrinogen hemoglobin

leukocytes erythrocytes erythrocytes leukocytes platelets leukocytes platelets erythrocytes

Which organ produces bile? pancreas gall bladder liver kidneys

liver

Choose from the following all that blood plasma contains. nutrients white blood cells waste materials clotting factors minerals water blood platelets protein

nutrients waste materials clotting factors minerals water protein

The study of the coordinated functions of a living organism is called _____________.

physiology

What is starch? complex carbohydrates simple proteins fatty oils a glucose molecule polymer of sugar

polymer of sugar

Antibodies are: germ fighting blood cells uni-cellular organisms in the blood proteins none of the above

proteins

Blood circulating through the kidneys will ________________ water and important materials as it flows through the ________________ .

reabsorb tubules

The lower part of the large intestine is called the ________________.

rectum

The three types of blood cells are _____. red blood cells hemoglobin white blood cells albumin platelets

red blood cells white blood cells platelets

What is the function of the cillia? remove polluting gases like sulfur dioxide from the lungs remove particles which have entered the lungs and stick to the bronchial mucus absorb dust entering the bronchioles none of the above

remove particles with have entered the lungs and stuck to the bronchial mucus

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body is accomplished by the _______________ system.

respiratory

digestion

responsible for changing the food we eat into simpler substances which can be used as nutrients for the body

Most absorption of food occurs in the: veins and arteries stomach small intestine large intestine

small intestine

The breakdown of food into molecules small enough to enter the blood stream is primarily accomplished by the: small intestine stomach liver large intestine

small intestine

The liver and pancreas are connected to the: rectum stomach large intestine small intestine

small intestine

The excretory system is involved with eliminating: solid waste liquid and gas waste gas waste solid, liquid, and gas waste

solid, liquid, and gas waste

What is the function of the gall bladder? stores waste products produces bile digests fatty foods stores bile

stores bile

absorption

taking in nutrients through the small intestine

The transport of gases for cellular respiration is accomplished by: internal reactions within each cell the circulatory system the excretory system the respiratory system

the circulatory system

pylorus

the valve at the lower end of the stomach

The windpipe is a common term for the _____________________.

trachea

Liquid waste processed by the kidney is called ______________.

urine

What is found in the kidney pelvis? water and minerals replenished blood urine unfiltered blood

urine

Jaundice is caused by blockage of liver bile and is exhibited by _______________ skin.

yellow

Match the foods to their associated digestive organs: 1. small intestine 2. stomach and small intestine 3. mouth and small intestine

1. fats 2. proteins 3. carbohydrates

prothrombin

A chemical involved in the clotting process of blood

loop of Henle

A descending and ascending limb of kidney tubules

sickle cell anemia

A hereditary disease in African-Americans

hemophilia

A hereditary disease in which the victim's blood does not clot well

urethra

A sac which temporarily stores urine until it is excreted.

bronchiole

A very tiny tube that dead ends in a sac within the lungs

epiglottis

An elastic cartilage located at the root of the tongue

spleen

An organ concerned with the storage and filtration of blood

renal artery

Arteries taking blood into the kidneys

lymph node

Beadlike structures within the lymphatic system that purify the lymph

What takes place through the tissues of the alveoli? Blood going to the cells receives CO 2 Blood coming from the cells releases CO 2 blood from cells receive O 2 Blood going to cells receives O 2

Blood coming from the cells releases CO 2 Blood going to cells receives O 2

leukemia

Cancer of the leukocytes, a disease more common in children

Air entering the lungs is filtered through the pharynx. True False

False

Air enters the lungs through the esophagus. True False

False

Digestion starts in the stomach. True False

False

Each system of the human body can operate independently of the others. True False

False

External respiration includes expelling CO2 from the cells. True False

False

Food moves from the mouth to the stomach through the long tube called the trachea. True False

False

The diaphragm muscles must contract in order to force air out of the lungs (exhale). True False

False

The lungs contain elastic muscle tissue to permit inhalation. True False

False

The urethra connects the kidneys to the bladder. True False

False

__________________ can block the common bile duct.

Gall stones


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