Biology B v.3 : 4. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
lymph
Interstitial body liquid that is between the cells, not in them or in the circulation
Bowman's capsule
Part of the nephron in the kidney
cilia
Short filaments which wave to move mucus and debris out of the lungs
bronchial tube
Smaller branches of the bronchi within the lungs
larynx
The "voice box," which contains the vocal cords in the neck
pharynx
The back part of the throat cavity
abdominal cavity
The cavity that lies between the thorax and the pelvis
pelvis
The central region or cavity of the kidney where urine collects
nephron
The functioning unit of the kidney for urine production
medulla
The innermost layer of a body organ like the kidney or adrenal gland.
serum
The liquid of portion of the blood from which clotting factors have been removed
plasma
The liquid portion of the blood
cortex
The outer part of organs like the adrenal gland, cerebrum, or kidney
phagocytosis
The process of a cell engulfing its food, sometimes called "cell eating"
filtration
The process of removing impurities from the blood
platelet
The solid structures within the blood which are important in clotting
metabolism
The sum of all body chemistry
ureter
The tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside.
bronchi
The two tubes into which the trachea divide to go into each lung
alveoli
Tiny sacs within the lungs which increase the respiratory surface
Antibodies are found in the blood plasma. True False
True
It is possible to live without a gall bladder. True False
True
Plants also have a circulatory system to transport nutrients to and from cells. [phloem and xylem] True False
True
The absorption of oxygen into individual cells is part of respiration. True False
True
The lungs eliminate CO2 gas from the body. True False
True
jaundice
a condition resulting from bile in the blood, in which a patient's skin has a yellow color
A body system consists of: all of the above all the functions of a particular organ all the tissues which make up a complex organ a group of organs which perform a common function
a group of organs which perform a common function
insulin
a hormone secreted by the pancreas which lowers the level of the blood sugar
leukocyte
a white blood cell
The process of food entering the blood stream is called _________________.
absorption
Air entering the lungs terminates in the: bronchus diaphragm alveoli bronchioles
alveoli
An irritation of the stomach lining results in
an ulcer
A small organ called the ________________________ is positioned between the large and small intestine.
appendix
intestinal flora
bacteria within the large intestine which help break down digested food material
The ultimate purpose of the digestive system is to: process oxygen and put it into the blood stream create carbohydrates, proteins, and fats make protein which builds and maintains the body break down food so that nutrients can be absorbed into the blood
break down food so that nutrients can be absorbed into the blood
The diffusion of food molecules from the digestive tract into the blood ________________________ occurs at the blood ________________________ .
capilliaries villi
What is the function of bile? causes fats to dissolve in water helps with the absorption of water an enzyme which accelerates digestion lowers blood sugar levels
causes fats to dissolve in water
The circulatory system removes waste products from: blood and cells blood cells skin
cells
A major cause of emphysema as stated in the text is: vitamin deficiency cigarette smoking viral infections coal mining
cigarette smoking
Reduction of gas diffusion as a result of _______________ alveolar surface area is a medical condition known as emphysema.
decreased
Complete the following statement. Artificial filtration of the blood is called ______________.
dialysis
The muscle tissue assemblage which permits expansion of the lungs is called the ribsdiaphragmheart.
diaphragm
The disassembly of food inside an organism is called: digestion assimilation decomposition absorption
digestion
Saliva contains a(n) ____________ which accelerates the digestion of ____________.
enzyme starches
The tissue which diverts food from the trachea upon swallowing is the ______________.
epiglottis
The process of blood ________________ takes place in the Bowmans Capsule of the nephron.
filtration
villi
fingerlike projections which serve to increase the inner surface area for absorption of food
The common bile duct receives secretions from the: gall bladder pancreas stomach small intestine liver
gall bladder pancreas liver
Glucagon and insulin are two of the _____________________ produced by the pancreas to aid in digestion.
hormones
The primary digestive substance in the stomach is _______________.
hydrochloric acid
Food which enters the large intestine is broken down by: enzymes intestinal flora protozoa hydrochloric acid
intestinal flora
The primary organ responsible for eliminating liquid waste is the: large intestine liver kidney skin
kidney
Most absorption of water occurs in the: veins and arteries stomach small intestine large intestine
large intestine
Match the blood cells with their associations: disease protection carries CO2 devoid of nucleus phagocytosis thromboplastin lymph glands fibrinogen hemoglobin
leukocytes erythrocytes erythrocytes leukocytes platelets leukocytes platelets erythrocytes
Which organ produces bile? pancreas gall bladder liver kidneys
liver
Choose from the following all that blood plasma contains. nutrients white blood cells waste materials clotting factors minerals water blood platelets protein
nutrients waste materials clotting factors minerals water protein
The study of the coordinated functions of a living organism is called _____________.
physiology
What is starch? complex carbohydrates simple proteins fatty oils a glucose molecule polymer of sugar
polymer of sugar
Antibodies are: germ fighting blood cells uni-cellular organisms in the blood proteins none of the above
proteins
Blood circulating through the kidneys will ________________ water and important materials as it flows through the ________________ .
reabsorb tubules
The lower part of the large intestine is called the ________________.
rectum
The three types of blood cells are _____. red blood cells hemoglobin white blood cells albumin platelets
red blood cells white blood cells platelets
What is the function of the cillia? remove polluting gases like sulfur dioxide from the lungs remove particles which have entered the lungs and stick to the bronchial mucus absorb dust entering the bronchioles none of the above
remove particles with have entered the lungs and stuck to the bronchial mucus
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body is accomplished by the _______________ system.
respiratory
digestion
responsible for changing the food we eat into simpler substances which can be used as nutrients for the body
Most absorption of food occurs in the: veins and arteries stomach small intestine large intestine
small intestine
The breakdown of food into molecules small enough to enter the blood stream is primarily accomplished by the: small intestine stomach liver large intestine
small intestine
The liver and pancreas are connected to the: rectum stomach large intestine small intestine
small intestine
The excretory system is involved with eliminating: solid waste liquid and gas waste gas waste solid, liquid, and gas waste
solid, liquid, and gas waste
What is the function of the gall bladder? stores waste products produces bile digests fatty foods stores bile
stores bile
absorption
taking in nutrients through the small intestine
The transport of gases for cellular respiration is accomplished by: internal reactions within each cell the circulatory system the excretory system the respiratory system
the circulatory system
pylorus
the valve at the lower end of the stomach
The windpipe is a common term for the _____________________.
trachea
Liquid waste processed by the kidney is called ______________.
urine
What is found in the kidney pelvis? water and minerals replenished blood urine unfiltered blood
urine
Jaundice is caused by blockage of liver bile and is exhibited by _______________ skin.
yellow
Match the foods to their associated digestive organs: 1. small intestine 2. stomach and small intestine 3. mouth and small intestine
1. fats 2. proteins 3. carbohydrates
prothrombin
A chemical involved in the clotting process of blood
loop of Henle
A descending and ascending limb of kidney tubules
sickle cell anemia
A hereditary disease in African-Americans
hemophilia
A hereditary disease in which the victim's blood does not clot well
urethra
A sac which temporarily stores urine until it is excreted.
bronchiole
A very tiny tube that dead ends in a sac within the lungs
epiglottis
An elastic cartilage located at the root of the tongue
spleen
An organ concerned with the storage and filtration of blood
renal artery
Arteries taking blood into the kidneys
lymph node
Beadlike structures within the lymphatic system that purify the lymph
What takes place through the tissues of the alveoli? Blood going to the cells receives CO 2 Blood coming from the cells releases CO 2 blood from cells receive O 2 Blood going to cells receives O 2
Blood coming from the cells releases CO 2 Blood going to cells receives O 2
leukemia
Cancer of the leukocytes, a disease more common in children
Air entering the lungs is filtered through the pharynx. True False
False
Air enters the lungs through the esophagus. True False
False
Digestion starts in the stomach. True False
False
Each system of the human body can operate independently of the others. True False
False
External respiration includes expelling CO2 from the cells. True False
False
Food moves from the mouth to the stomach through the long tube called the trachea. True False
False
The diaphragm muscles must contract in order to force air out of the lungs (exhale). True False
False
The lungs contain elastic muscle tissue to permit inhalation. True False
False
The urethra connects the kidneys to the bladder. True False
False
__________________ can block the common bile duct.
Gall stones
