Biology CH. 4
In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide enters a leaf through pores called __________.
A stoma: is a pore that allows carbon dioxide to enter and O2 to leave a leaf. The plural form or stoma is stomata.
This happens during the light reactions of photosynthesis and is the part of photosynthesis that directly captures sunlight
Green light is the wavelength of light that is reflected instead of absorbed by the chloroplasts.
Why do you need oxygen? (What role does O2 play in aerobic respiration?)
It is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain.
Water behind a dam has a certain amount of stored energy that can be released as the water falls over the top of the dam. It may be enough energy to turn a mill wheel or an electricity-generating turbine. Choose the term that best describes the type of energy stored in the water at the top of the dam.
Potential
What is the role of mitochondria in plants?
Produce ATP
Identify the stage (or stages) of cellular respiration that occurs entirely outside of the mitochondria.
Glycolysis
A fudge-covered cookie contains 9 grams of fat, and there are three cookies in a serving. Calculate how much fat you would consume if you ate nine cookies.
81 grams
The order of the light reaction
Absorb sunlight, split water, produce oxygen, produce high-energy electron carriers
What is the difference between lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation?
Alcohol fermentation produces carbon dioxide, but lactic acid fermentation does not.Beer and wine are examples of alcohol fermentation that produce carbon dioxide as well as alcohol.
Why do both consumers and producers perform cellular respiration.
Although they may obtain their sugars in different ways, both consumers and producers rely on cellular respiration to make ATP.
Plastids are storage organelles. A chloroplast is a type of plastid. What does a chloroplast store?
Chlorophyll
The chemical reactions of photosynthesis occur in which cellular organelle?
Chloroplasts
During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of the ATP produced?
Electron transport chain
Where does cellular respiration occur?
In the mitochondria
What is the role of light in photosynthesis?
It energizes electrons.
What is a waste product of photosynthesis?
O2
Which group includes photosynthetic members?
Protists, plants and bacteria
Name the fluid-filled interior of the chloroplast.
Stroma
What is the definition of energy?
The capacity to do work
Why do some leaves change color (red, yellow, orange, etc.) in the fall?
The chlorophyll molecule breaks down and other pigments now become visible.
Why would eating seaweed be more energy efficient than eating an animal?
The energy found in animal matter represents a fraction of the energy found in the plant matter eaten by the animal. It would be better to just eat the plant and skip a step.
The ultimate source of energy for nearly every organism on this planet is_.
The sun
Some bacteria are photosynthetic. Part of the definition of a prokaryote is that they have no membrane-bound organelles, including chloroplasts. Explain how bacteria carry out photosynthesis without chloroplasts.
They still have thylakoids, they just are not compartmentalized into chloroplasts.
Identify the principal role of cellular respiration.
To convert the chemical energy of sugars into the chemical energy that fuels life's processes
During the light reactions of photosynthesis, chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight. This energy is used to __________.
split water to produce O2 and high-energy electrons This happens during the light reactions of photosynthesis and is the part of photosynthesis that directly captures sunlight
Which of the following best describes the flow of energy through an ecosystem?
sunlight → chemical energy → heat
Which stage of cellular respiration uses O2?
the electron transport chain During the electron transport chain, oxygen combines with hydrogen ions to produce water.
How does CO2 enter a plant?
through the stomata