Biology chapter 1

Basic science

"Pure" science - seeks to expand knowledge regardless of the short tem application of that knowledge

Applied science

"Technology" - aims to use science to solve real world problems

Common to all living things

1. Order 2. Sensitivity 3. Reproduction 4. Growth and developement 5. Regulation 6. Homeostasis 7. Energy processing 8. Adaptation 9. Evolution

Order of biological organization

1. Organelles 2. Cells 3. Tissue 4. Organs and organ systems 5. Organisms, populations, and communities 6. Ecosystems 7. The biosphere

Phylogenetic trees

A diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among biological species based on similarities and differences in genetic or physical traits or both

Deductive reasoning

A form of logical thinking that uses a general principle or law to foecast specific results

Inductive reasoning

A form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion

Scientific method

A method of research with defined steps that include expirements and careful observation (page 10)

Hypothesis

A suggested explanation for an event, which can be tested

Theory

A tested and confirmed explanation for observations o phenomena

Population

All the individuals of a species living within a specific area

Control or control group

Contains every feature of the expiremental group except it is not given the manipulation that is hypothesized about

Family

Division of order in the taxonomic classification system

What are natural sciences

Fields of science related to the physical world and its phenomena and processes

Basic and applied science working together example

One example of how basic and applied science can work together to solve practical problems occurred after the discovery of DNA structure led to an understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing DNA replication. Strands of DNA, unique in every human, are found in our cells, where they provide the instructions necessary for life. During DNA replication, DNA makes new copies of itself, shortly before a cell divides. Understanding the mechanisms of DNA replication enabled scientists to develop laboratory techniques that are now used to identify genetic diseases, pinpoint individuals who were at a crime scene, and determine paternity. Without basic science, it is unlikely that applied science would exist.

Eukaryote

Organism with cells that have neclei and membrane bound organelles

Prokaryote

Single celled organism that lacks organelles and does not have nuclei surrounded by nuclear membrane

First forms of life on earth

The first forms of life on Earth are thought to have been microorganisms that existed for billions of years in the ocean before plants and animals appeared

Community

The sum of populations inhabiting a particular area

The ultimate goal of all science

To obtain more knowledge

Why arent viruses alive?

Viruses are not living things because they lack the ability to reproduce without the aid of a host cell

Peer review

scientific paper that is reviewed by a scientist's colleagues who are experts in the field of study