Biology Chapter 11

Which of the following species living today is the most evolutionarily successful? The house mouse (Mus domesticus) The housefly (Musca domestica) The Western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) The irukangji, the most toxic box jellyfish (Carukia barnesi) All of the above species are equally successful because they are not extinct.

All of the above species are equally successful because they are not extinct.

Sponges are: hermaphrodites. asexual. sessile. members of phylum Porifera. All of the above.

All of the above.

Sessile organisms are not animals. True or false? True. An organism must move to be classified as an animal. True. Sessile organisms are generally organisms without appendages and, therefore, are not true animals. False. Sessile organisms may not move as adults, but they may exhibit movement as larvae. False. There is no requirement for movement in defining an organism as an animal. Neither true nor false. Organisms are not sessile; individual cells are.

False. Sessile organisms may not move as adults, but they may exhibit movement as larvae.

Which of the following are chordates? Frogs Grasshopper Fish All of the above Only the first and third choices are correct.

Only the first and third choices are correct.

Which of these animals is a tetrapod that does NOT produce amniotic eggs? Human Python Monkey Elephant Salamander

Salamander

Which of the following is an animal with rigid bones, jaws, and a swim bladder? Hagfish Sharks Lobe-finned fish Lampreys Salmon

Salmon

Which of the following is an example of an echinoderm? Frog Sand dollar Ant Crab Centipede

Sand dollar

Which of the following organisms does NOT contain chitin? Crabs Scorpions Grasshoppers Lobsters Snails

Snails

Which of the following is unique about vertebrates in terms of the phylum Chordata? The dorsal hollow nerve cord forms what is known as the peripheral nervous system. The notochord is not present throughout life; rather, it is only found in early embryos and is replaced by the vertebral column (backbone). The notochord disappears without replacement after the embryonic stage. All vertebrates have a tail EXCEPT for humans. Nothing is unique about vertebrates since they are the only subphyla of chordates anyway.

The notochord is not present throughout life; rather, it is only found in early embryos and is replaced by the vertebral column (backbone).

Which one of the common names is matched correctly with its phyla? Roundworms: Phylum Nematoda Flatworms: Phylum Annelida Segmented worms: Phylum Platylhelminthes Tapeworms: Phylum Nematoda Roundworms: Phylum Annelida

Nematoda

The most primitive group of animals that had lungs were the: amphibians. ray-finned fish. reptiles. birds. tunicates.

amphibians.

Birds have scaly feet and lay amniotic eggs. This supports the idea that: reptiles evolved from amphibians. birds are the only creatures to ever have feathers. birds are endothermic. birds evolved from reptiles. None of the above.

birds evolved from reptiles.

Marsupials are thought to be most closely related to: placental mammals. monotremes. reptiles. birds. amphibians.

placental mammals.

The most primitive group of animals, lacking tissues and organs, are the: sponges. corals. flatworms. gastropods. sea anemones

sponges.

Which of the following is true of ALL animals? They reproduce asexually. They are made up of single and multicellular individuals. They have sense organs like eyes and ears. They are capable of movement at some stage of their life cycle. They can sustain themselves exclusively by photosynthesis.

They are capable of movement at some stage of their life cycle.

The phylum Arthropoda includes all of the following kinds of animals EXCEPT: millipedes. crabs. clams. butterflies. scorpions.

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According to the fossil record, the first modern humans appeared approximately: 190 million years ago. 100,000 years ago. 1 million years ago. 6,000 years ago. 6 million years ago.

100,000 years ago.

Which of the following is true about evolutionary success? Darwin said that some species are better than others. Vertebrates are the most evolutionarily successful. Humans are the crowning achievement of evolution. Any species that arises on Earth is evolutionarily successful. A successful organism can find food, escape predators, and reproduce.

A successful organism can find food, escape predators, and reproduce.

Which of the following traits is unique to arthropods? Appendages Segmentation A ventral nerve cord A dorsal anterior brain An exoskeleton

An exoskeleton

Which of the following characteristics could NOT be used to differentiate between the three worm phyla, Annelida, Platyhelminthes, and Nematoda? Segmentation Growth by molting Presence of a complete gut, with two openings Bilateral symmetry The presence of eye spots

Bilateral symmetry

An air environment, gravity, and desiccation are three challenges that were addressed in the evolution of reptiles. What three evolutionary innovations addressed these challenges? Gills, bony skeleton, and lungs The amniotic egg, sturdy fins, and a cartilaginous skeleton Dorsal nerve cord, notochord, and a post-anal tail Better limb support, gills, and pharyngeal slits Lungs, better limb support, and the amniotic egg

Lungs, better limb support, and the amniotic egg

Which of the following statements is TRUE? More than 96% of the animal kingdom is made up of invertebrates. Invertebrates are unique because they are a monophyletic group. Arthropods are the closest relatives of chordates. Roughly half of the invertebrates are protostomes and the other half are deuterostomes. Echinoderms are similar to vertebrates in that they are protostomes.

More than 96% of the animal kingdom is made up of invertebrates.

What is the relationship between coral and zooxanthellae? Commensal; zooxanthellae are a type of algae that resides among the coral, but the coral is unaffected by its presence. Mutually symbiotic; zooxanthellae provide the coral with nutrition, while the coral provides zooxanthellae with carbon dioxide. Parasitic; zooxanthellae are a type of algae that grows inside coral, feeding off of the coral's nutrients and causing coral bleaching over time. There is no relationship between the two. Zooxanthellae are terrestrials animal, and coral is aquatic. Competitive; zooxanthellae are a type of algae that compete with coral for space and nutrients.

Mutually symbiotic; zooxanthellae provide the coral with nutrition, while the coral provides zooxanthellae with carbon dioxide.

What is the key difference between protostomes and deuterostomes? Protostomes are animals with soft exteriors and deuterostomes are animals with hard exteriors (i.e., shells). Protostomes represent a lineage of bilaterally symmetrical animals, whereas deuterostomes represent a lineage of radially symmetrical animals. The protostome gut develops from back to front and the second opening becomes the mouth. The deuterostome gut develops from front to back, so the first opening is the mouth. The protostome gut develops from front to back, so the first opening is the mouth. The deuterostome gut develops back to front and the second opening becomes the mouth. Protostomes represent animals that are prokaryotes, and deuterostomes represent all over animals.

The protostome gut develops from front to back, so the first opening is the mouth. The deuterostome gut develops back to front and the second opening becomes the mouth.

The lineage that first separated from the common ancestor of all animals, and retains many of the same primitive features to this day, includes which of the following modern organisms? The grasshopper The sea turtle The jellyfish The sponge The earthworm

The sponge

Which of the following is NOT an important feature in distinguishing animals from each other? presence and cellular arrangement of tissues growth of skeletal elements body symmetry development of the gut method of locomotion (movement)

method of locomotion (movement)