Biology chapter 12

Translation is the term used to describe

The production of protein using mRNA

The mRNA product of ____ is used by ribosomes to produce a polypeptide in ____.

Transcription: translation

Select all the types of RNA used in protein production

Transfer RNA (tRNA) Silencing RNA (sRNA) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Messenger RNA (mRNA)

In the process called _____, the order of nucleotides in mRNA is converted into an order of amino acids in a polypeptide.

Translation

What did biologists use to help them determine which amino acid matched to a codon?

Artificial mRNA Trial and error

The triplet of nucleotides in mRNA that determines the amino acid to be added to a polypeptide sequence is called a(n):

Codon

RNA polymerase transcribes DNA into mRNA using

Complimentary base pairing rules

Which of the following best describes transcription?

DNA-> RNA

According to the central dogma, the genes contained in ____ are copied into RNA, which is used to direct the assembly of a sequence of amino acids in a ______.

DNA: Protein

The use of information contained in DNA to direct the production of specific proteins is known as:

Gene expression

Select all of the following that are true about transcription:

Information is transferred from DNA to RNA An mRNA copy of the DNA is produced It is the first stage of gene expression

Both DNA and RNA are _____ and comprised of building blocks called ___.

Nucleic acids; nucleotides

DNA is localized to the _____, while RNA can also be found in the _____.

Nucleus; cytoplasm

Finally, both molecules contain a backbone made of bonded sugar and ____ molecules.

Phosphate

Which of the following best describes translation?

RNA -> Protein

When making mRNA using DNA,

RNA polymerase pairs up an RNA nucleotide with a DNA nucleotide.

RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA during:

Transcription

Nucleotides are the building blocks of

both DNA and RNA.

When serving as an expendable copy of DNA,

mRNA leaves the nucleus to be used for protein synthesis.

On the other hand, DNA contains a sugar lacking an atom of _____.

oxygen

True or false: most organisms use the same genetic code.

true

true or false: A structural gene encodes the information for a specific protein.

true

true or false: The amino acid sequence of a protein determines its shape and specific function.

true

RNA contains a unique nitrogenous base called _____.

uracil