Biology chapter 12
Translation is the term used to describe
The production of protein using mRNA
The mRNA product of ____ is used by ribosomes to produce a polypeptide in ____.
Transcription: translation
Select all the types of RNA used in protein production
Transfer RNA (tRNA) Silencing RNA (sRNA) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Messenger RNA (mRNA)
In the process called _____, the order of nucleotides in mRNA is converted into an order of amino acids in a polypeptide.
Translation
What did biologists use to help them determine which amino acid matched to a codon?
Artificial mRNA Trial and error
The triplet of nucleotides in mRNA that determines the amino acid to be added to a polypeptide sequence is called a(n):
Codon
RNA polymerase transcribes DNA into mRNA using
Complimentary base pairing rules
Which of the following best describes transcription?
DNA-> RNA
According to the central dogma, the genes contained in ____ are copied into RNA, which is used to direct the assembly of a sequence of amino acids in a ______.
DNA: Protein
The use of information contained in DNA to direct the production of specific proteins is known as:
Gene expression
Select all of the following that are true about transcription:
Information is transferred from DNA to RNA An mRNA copy of the DNA is produced It is the first stage of gene expression
Both DNA and RNA are _____ and comprised of building blocks called ___.
Nucleic acids; nucleotides
DNA is localized to the _____, while RNA can also be found in the _____.
Nucleus; cytoplasm
Finally, both molecules contain a backbone made of bonded sugar and ____ molecules.
Phosphate
Which of the following best describes translation?
RNA -> Protein
When making mRNA using DNA,
RNA polymerase pairs up an RNA nucleotide with a DNA nucleotide.
RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA during:
Transcription
Nucleotides are the building blocks of
both DNA and RNA.
When serving as an expendable copy of DNA,
mRNA leaves the nucleus to be used for protein synthesis.
On the other hand, DNA contains a sugar lacking an atom of _____.
oxygen
True or false: most organisms use the same genetic code.
true
true or false: A structural gene encodes the information for a specific protein.
true
true or false: The amino acid sequence of a protein determines its shape and specific function.
true
RNA contains a unique nitrogenous base called _____.
uracil