Biology Chapter 18

Which condition is the basis for a species to be reproductively isolated from other members a. It does not undergo evolutionary changes for a significant period of time. b. It does not exchange genetic information with other species. c. It does not exist out of a single habitat. d. It does not share its habitat with related species.

b

Which situation is NOT an example of a prezygotic barrier? a. Two species of birds display different mating dances. b. Two species of insects produce infertile offspring. c. Two species of flowers attract different pollinators. d. Two species of turtles breed at different times of the year.

b

What is the main difference between autopolyploid and allopolyploid? a. the number of mutations in the extra chromosomes b. the number of chromosomes c. the source of the extra chromosomes d. the functionality of the chromosomes

c

What is the main difference between dispersal and vicariance? a. One depends on a genetic mutation occurring, and the other does not. b. One leads to allopatric speciation, whereas the other leads to sympatric speciation. c. One involves the movement of the organism, and the other involves a change in the environment. d. One involves closely related organisms, and the other involves only individuals of the same species.

c

Which term is used to describe the continued divergence of species based on the low fitness of hybrid offspring? a. stability b. fusion c. reinforcement d. punctuated equilibrium

c

Which variable increases the likelihood of allopatric speciation taking place more quickly? a. equivalent numbers of individuals in each population b. lower rate of mutation. c. longer distance between divided groups d. increased instances of hybrid formation

c

Which description is an example of a phenotype? a. Both answers: a certain duck has a blue beak, and most cheetahs live solitary lives. b. All of the answers are correct. c. A mutation occurred to a flower. d. A certain duck has a blue beak. e. Most cheetahs live solitary lives.

a

Which of the following situations will lead to natural selection a. All of the choices will lead to natural selection. b. Male lions compete with the right to mate with females, with only one possible winner. c. The seeds of two plants land near each other and one grows larger than the other. d. Two types of fish eat the same types of food, and one is better able to gather food than the other.

a

Which of the following statements is false? a. Punctuated equilibrium is most likely to occur in a large population that lives in a stable climate. b. Graduated speciation and punctuated equilibrium both result in the evolution of new species. c. Punctuated equilibrium is most likely to occur in a small population that experiences a rapid change in its environment. d. Gradual speciation is most likely to occur in species that live in a stable climate.

a

Which reproductive combination produces hybrids? a. when members of closely related species reproduce b. when any two individuals sharing the same habitat reproduce c. when offspring of the same parents reproduce d. when individuals of the same species in different geographical areas reproduce

a

Which situation is most likely an example of convergent evolution? a. All the choices are correct. b. Worms and snakes both move without legs. c. Some bats and birds have wings that allow them to fly. d. Squid and humans have eyes similar in structure.

a

Which situation would most likely lead to allopatric speciation? a. Flood causes the formation of a new lake. b. An injury causes an organism to seek out a new food source. c. A mutation causes a new trait to develop. d. A storm causes several large trees to fall down.

a

If two species eat a different diet but one of the food sources is eliminated and both species are forced to eat the same foods, what change in the hybrid zone is most likely to occur? a. Stability is most likely to occur because the two species will interact more and similar traits in food acquisition will be selected. b. Reinforcement is most likely to occur because the two species will interact more and similar traits in food acquisition will be selected. c. Stability is more likely to occur because both species will simply adapt. d. Fusion is most likely to occur because the two species will interact more and similar traits in food acquisition will be selected.

d

Which components of speciation would be least likely to be a part of punctuated equilibrium? a. a large number of mutations taking place at once b. a change in environmental conditions c. a division of populations d. ongoing gene flow among all individuals

d

Which of the following is most likely to survive a. offspring with 2n - 1 chromosomes b. neither offspring with 2n + 1 or offspring with 2n - 1 chromosomes will survive c. both offspring with 2n + 1 and offspring with 2n - 1 chromosomes are equally likely to survive d. offspring with 2n + 1 chromosomes

d

Which scientific concept did Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace independently discover? a. overbreeding b. mutation c. sexual reproduction d. natural selection e. punctuated equilibrium

d