Biology Exam 2 - Mastering Bio HW

Which of these pathogens are transmitted via contaminated food?

Campylobacter, Shigella, Salmonella

which structure helps bacteria to attach within the tissues that they will infect?

Capsule

What is the name of poisonous proteins produced and secreted by some bacterial cells?

exotoxins

Which organisms would likely be the most difficult to kill if you were you to can your own food?

Endospores

Which characteristic of living cells do viruses lack?

They lack a complete replication apparatus.

There are four bacteria in an egg salad that is left out at room temperature. After two hours, how many bacteria will be in the egg salad?

256

A _________ is a viral genome that has inserted itself into the genome of its host.

prophage

Which types of pathogens cause sexually transmitted diseases that are generally NOT curable?

viruses

Researchers are currently investigating different forms of anti-HIV drugs. Which could be an effective drug to prevent HIV from being incorporated into human chromosomes?

a drug that blocks DNA transport through the nuclear envelope

In the soil, some ________ help to decompose dead organisms and other waste materials, returning vital chemical elements such as nitrogen to the environment.

Prokaryotes

The influenza virus, a deadly infectious agent found around the world, is composed of __________ and __________.

RNA..... protein

Which of these pathogens has the highest percentage of antibiotic-resistant strains?

Neisseria gonorrhaea

The deadliest infectious disease outbreak of all time happened over an 18-month period in 1918-1919. What disease caused this outbreak?

influenza

The ____________ is a viral life cycle in which the virus inserts its genome into the genome of its host, where it may remain dormant for long periods.

lysogenic cycle

The _________ is a viral life cycle that results in bursting of the host cell.

lytic cycle

One major difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that __________.

prokaryotes have adapted to more extreme environments

Although generally not considered to be alive, a ________ is studied alongside other microbes such as bacteria.

virus

Prokaryotes reproduce by means of ______.

Binary fission

A ________ is a virus that specifically infects bacteria.

bacteriophage

Under ideal conditions, prokaryotes are capable of reproducing at a(n) ________ rate.

Exponential

Harmful bacteria:

Pathogens, MRSA, Salmonella

Which STD is NOT caused by a virus?

chlamydia

How would you test to see whether a particular influenza vaccine protects elderly people from influenza?

Compare infection rates among groups administered the vaccine and those not receiving the vaccine.

Helpful bacteria:

Decomposers, nitrogen fixers, probiotics

The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis can withstand heat, dryness, and toxic chemicals that would kill most other bacteria. This indicates that it is probably able to form a protective structure called _____.

Endospores

In Yellowstone National Park, hot springs can reach temperatures of 205°F (96°C). Despite these high temperatures, Aquifex bacteria flourish. How might one best classify Aquifex bacteria?

Extremophiles

Which group of prokaryotes aids digestion in cattle, deer, and other animals that obtain nutrition from cellulose?

Methanogens

When the CDC identifies antibiotic-resistant pathogen strains, they recommend switching to a different drug as the standard treatment. But as pathogens develop resistance to multiple drugs, a single antibiotic may not be sufficient. Which of the pathogens listed requires a combination of two drugs for effective treatment?

N. gonorrhaea

For which pathogen is a vaccine available?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Which of these pathogens causes the highest number of antibiotic-resistant infections per year?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Some aquatic invertebrates such as insects and snails feed on biofilms. Scientists that study metal-contaminated streams have documented that some biofilms in stream environments absorb zinc from stream water during daylight hours and release the zinc into the stream during the night. If the scientists were to test exposure of the invertebrates to zinc, what might they hypothesize?

The greatest exposure to aquatic invertebrates that feed on biofilms might only occur during daylight hours

True or false. Bacteria reproduce by an asexual process in which one parent cell gives rise to identical daughter cells.

True