Biology Final

What are the three sub phases of interphase?

1) G₁phase (first gap) 2) S phase (syntheis) only duplication phase 3) G₂phase (second gap)

Meiosis

A special type of division that produces non identical daughter cells (gametes, sperm or egg cells) reproductive.

Which of the following happens during meiosis I? A) Homologous chromosomes are separated from each other. B) The chromosome number per cell is conserved. C) Sister chromatids are separated. D) Four daughter cells are formed.

A) Homologous chromosomes are separated from each other.

Homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles of a dividing cell during A) meiosis I. B) fertilization. C) mitosis. D) meiosis II.

A) meiosis I.

At which phase of mitosis are the centrosomes beginning to move apart in animal cells? A) prophase B) metaphase C) anaphase D) telophase

A) prophase

The number of chromosomes present in a human cell at anaphase of mitosis and anaphase II of meiosis II is the same. A) True B) False

B) False

How is plant cell cytokinesis different from animal cell cytokinesis? A) The contractile filaments found in plant cells are structures composed of carbohydrates; the cleavage furrow in animal cells is composed of contractile phospholipids. B) Plant cells deposit vesicles containing cell-wall building blocks between the two new nuclei; animal cells form a cleavage furrow using actin microfilaments. C) The structural proteins of plant cells separate the two cells; in animal cells, a cell membrane separates the two daughter cells. D) Plant cells divide after metaphase but before anaphase; animal cells divide after anaphase.

B) Plant cells deposit vesicles containing cell-wall building blocks between the two new nuclei; animal cells form a cleavage furrow using actin microfilaments.

During which phase of mitosis do the chromatids become chromosomes? A) telophase B) anaphase C) prophase D) metaphase

B) anaphase

The products of meiosis are: A) two diploid cells. B) four haploid cells. C) four diploid cells. D) two haploid cells.

B) four haploid cells.

The "gap" phases of the cell cycle are devoted to: A) moving chromosomes to their correct positions. B) normal cell operations, growth, and preparation for cell division. C) DNA replication. D) creating new nuclei.

B) normal cell operations, growth, and preparation for cell division.

The cells at the end of meiosis I are not ready to function as gametes. Why not? A) They have the right number of chromosomes but no cytoplasm. B) They have the right number of chromosomes but too much cytoplasm. C) They are haploid, but the chromosomes are still in duplicated form. D) The chromosomes have divided, but there has been no cytokinesis. E) The homologous chromosomes have not yet separated.

C) They are haploid, but the chromosomes are still in duplicated form.

Chromosome #1 from your mother and chromosome #1 from your father are said to be homologous. This is because the chromosomes: A) appear the same size in a karyotype. B) have different genes on them. C) have the same genes on them - just different variations of those genes. D) determine the sex of the child.

C) have the same genes on them - just different variations of those genes.

Chromatin

Complex od DNA and protein that condenses during cell division.

How many chromosomes are in a human gamete? A) 43 B) 42 C) 26 D) 23 E) 46

D) 23

Which of the following occurs during anaphase I? A) Homologous chromosomes are moved to the metaphase plate. B) Sister chromatids are separated. C) Crossing over begins. D) Homologous chromosomes are separated. E) Cytokinesis occurs.

D) Homologous chromosomes are separated.

For traditional chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat cancer cells, which of the following is most desirable? A) It does not alter or affect metabolically active cells. B) It only attacks cells that are density dependent. C) It attacks cells entering G0. D) It interferes and destroys rapidly dividing cells.

D) It interferes and destroys rapidly dividing cells.

After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is A) diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid. B) diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids. C) haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid. D) haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.

D) haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.

In metaphase I ________ are aligned along the metaphase plate, and in metaphase II ________ are aligned along the metaphase plate. A) pairs of sister chromatids; homologous chromosomes B) maternal chromosomes; paternal chromosomes C) homologous chromosomes; tetrads D) homologous chromosomes; pairs of sister chromatids

D) homologous chromosomes; pairs of sister chromatids

What is cytokineis in eukaryotic cells?

Diviion of the cytoplasm

A gamete from a human male contains: A) 23 autosomes and an X chromosome. B) 22 autosomes, one X chromosome, and one Y chromosome. C) 23 autosomes and either an X or a Y chromosome. D) 23 autosomes and a Y chromosome. E) 22 autosomes and either an X or a Y chromosome.

E) 22 autosomes and either an X or a Y chromosome.

What event occurs in both anaphase of mitosis and anaphase II of meiosis II? A) Cytokinesis ends. B) Homologous chromosomes separate. C) Chromatin decondenses. D) Homologous chromosomes pair. E) Sister chromatids separate.

E) Sister chromatids separate.

Meiosis II is essentially the same as mitosis except that the outcome produces cells that are: A) diploid. B) somatic. C) autosomal. D) genetically identical to each other. E) haploid.

E) haploid

In the process of crossing over: A) sister chromatids separate. B) maternal chromosomes assort independently of paternal chromosomes. C) homologous chromosomes separate. D) sister chromatids exchange genetic material. E) non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material.

E) non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material.

Crossing over occurs during which stage of meiosis? A) telophase I B) metaphase II C) anaphase II D) prophase II E) prophase I

E) prophase I

What are the phases of mitosis?

Phrophase Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokineis overlaps the latter stages of mitosis

Gametes

Reproductive cells, have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells.

Mitosis

Results in daughter cells with identical genetic information, DNA all but reproductive. (division of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells)

What is interphase?

The phase where cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preparation for cell division.