Biology Quiz Questions
How many nucleotides make up a codon?
3
If adenine makes up 20% of the bases in a DNA double helix, what percent of the bases are guanine?
30%
Aerobic cellular respiration generates about how much ATP from one glucose?
38
What helps to stabalize mRNA by inhabiting its degradation?
5' cap and poly (A) tail
The DNA codon AGT codes for an amino acid carried by a tRNA with the anticodon______.
AGU
What compound directly provides energy for cellular work?
ATP
The Calvin Cycle requires_____and_____from the light-dependent reactions in order to opperate.
ATP....NADPH
If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence GTCCAT, what is the sequence of the other strand?
CAGGTA
What seals the sticky ends of restriction fragments to make recombinant DNA?
DNA ligase
Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a new DNA strand?
DNA polymerase
Which of the following options best depicts the flow of information when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component?
DNA-->RNA-->protein
One of the compounds that is a direct output of the Calvin cycle is______?
G3P
What is the source of the oxygen gas released by a photosystem?
H2O
In photosynthesis, redox reactions ultimately transfer electrons from ______ to _________.
H2O...C6H12O6
If you commit a crime, you need to make sure that you do not leave even the smallest speck of blood, hair, or other organic matter from your body. If you do, the DNA in this material can be amplified by_______, subjected to genetic analysis, and used to identify you as the perpetrator of the crime.
PCR
WHich enzyme catalyzes the linking together of RNA nucleotides to form RNA?
RNA polymerase
Which enzyme is responsible for RNA synthesis?
RNA polymerase
Who discovered the structure of DNA?
Watson and Crick
What must pyruvic acid be converted to before it can enter the citric acid cycle?
acetyl CoA
A transgenic animal
an animal containing a gne from a third "parent,"which may even be another species
During cellular respiration, the energy in glucose is...
carried by electrons
The function of mitochondria is
cellular respiration
Which part of cellular respiration produces the most NADH?
citric acid cycle
The expression of both alleles for a trait in a heterozygous individual illustrates...
codominance
Homology is evidence of
common ancestry
The similarity of the embryos of fish, frogs, birds, and humans is evidence of
common ancestry
The nucleus of a cell...
contains DNA
Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?
cytosol(cytoplasm)
Linked genes generally
do not follow the laws of independent assortment
Mendel's law of independent assortment states that
each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles during gamete formation
A frameshift mutation could result from
either an insertion or a deletion of a base
What waste product do yeast produce under anaerobic conditions?
ethyl alcohol
The expressed (coding) regions of eukaryotic genes are called
exons
What are the coding segments of a strech of eukaryotic DNA called?
exons
In the Hardy-Weinberg formula, what does p^2 represent?
frequency of the homozygous dominants
What is the function of stomata?
gas exchange
During the process of electrophoresis, the _______ functions like a thick filter, seperating the samples according to their size
gel
All of the alleles of all of the genes within a population defines that population's
gene pool
The modern synthesis was a fusion of
genetics and evolutionary biology
Which metabolic pathways is common to both aerobic and anaerobic processes of sugar breakdown?
glycolysis
What is the correct sequence of stages in cellular respiration?
glycolysis, citric acid cycle, ETC
A carrier of a genetic disorder who does not show symptoms is most likely to be________to transmit it to offspring.
heterozygous for the trait and able
What type of chemical bond joins the bases of complementary DNA strands?
hydrogen
What occurs when RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter DNA?
initiation of a new RNA molecule
Conjugation
is the direct transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another
Transcription is the_____
manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA.
A physical or chemical agent that changes the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called a(n)...
mutagen
In The Origins of Species, Darwin argued that the mechanism of descent with modification was
natural selection
The monomers of DNA are?
nucleotides
DNA ligase binds
nucleotides together
Transduction
occurs when a phage transfers bacterial DNA from one bacterium to another
What is the normal complement of sex chromosomes in a human male?
one X chromosome and one Y chromosome
The final electron acceptor of aerobic respiration is
oxygen
The function of chloroplasts is
photosynthesis
The smallest unit of evolution is
population
Cells that lack a membrane-bound nucleus are______cells.
prokaryotic
The region of DNA where RNA synthesis begins is the
promoter
A product of glycolysis is
pyruvic acid
When DNA from two sources is combined into one single piece of DNA , it is know as...
recombinant DNA
What does Darwinian fitness measure?
reproductive success
What cuts DNA molecules at specific locations?
restriction enzymes
Natural selection...
results in evolutionary adaptation
Which enzyme does HIV use to synthesize DNA to RNA?
reverse transcriptase
Gel electrophoresis sorts DNA molecules on the basis of their
size
The light reactions of photosynthesis convert ____ energy to______energy.
solar...chemical
The Golgi apparatus
stores, modifies, and packages proteins
The functions of the central vacuoles of plant cells include
storing waste products, storing pigments that will help attract pollinating insects, helping increase the size of cells by absorbing water, and storing poisons
Alleles of a gene are found at______chromosomes.
the same locus on homologous
In photosynthesis, an H+ ion gradient forms across the...
thylakoid membrane
What name is given to the membranous sacs found within a chloroplast?
thylakoids
What is one reason why plants have accessory pigment molecules, like chlorophyll b and carotenoids?
to absorb energy in parts of the electromagnetic spectrum that chlorophyll a cannot
The transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called...
transcription
The shape of a DNA molecule is most like a?
twisted rope ladder
RNA contains______whereas DNA contains______.
uracil...thymine
DNA replication...
uses each strand of a DNA molecule as a template for the creation of a new strand.
