Biology Test #2

plasma membrane

a feature of all cells

In lab, you use a special balloon that is permeable to water but not sucrose to make an "artificial cell." The balloon is filled with a solution fo 20% sucrose and 80% water and is immersed in a beaker containing a solution of 40% sucrose and 60% water. Which of the following will occur? a. Water will leave the balloon. b. Sucrose will leave the balloon. c. Water will enter the balloon. d. Sucrose will enter the balloon. e. Both a and d will occur.

a. Water will leave the balloon.

Long fibers of DNA and protein are called (a) a. chromatin. b. ribosome. c. central vacuole. d. nucleolus. e. lysosome.

a. chromatin.

Most animal cells are a. embedded in an extracellular matrix. b. embedded in an endomembrane system. c. attached to each other via plasmodesmata. d. surrounded by a cell wall. e. embedded in a lipid matrix.

a. embedded in an extracellular matrix.

Which of the following organelles is common to plant and animal cells? a. mitochondria b. wall made of cellulose c. tonoplast d. centrioles e. chloroplasts

a. mitochondria

All of the structures listed below are associated with movement in cells or by cells except a. peroxisomes. b. dynein. c. myosin. d. flagella. e. cilia.

a. peroxisomes.

The function of chloroplasts is a. photosynthesis. b. cellular respiration. c. lipid synthesis. d. intracellular transport of proteins. e. intracellular digestion.

a. photosynthesis.

Which of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system? a. ribosomes b. Golgi apparatus c. smooth ER d. lysosomes e. nucleus

a. ribosomes

Which type of organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids? a. smooth endoplasmic reticulum b. contractile vacuoles c. lysosomes d. mitochondria e. ribosomes

a. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Osmosis can be defined as a. the diffusion of water. b. endocytosis. c. the diffusion of a solute. d. the diffusion of nonpolar molecules. e. active transport.

a. the diffusion of water.

Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane? a. It forms a selective barrier around the cell. b. It is the control center of the cell. c. It has receptors for chemical messages. d. It is involved in self-recognition. e. It plays a role in signal transduction.

b. It is the control center of the cell.

Which of the following pieces of evidence would prove that a substance enters a cell by active rather than passive transport? a. The substance enters the cell when its concentration is higher outside the cell than inside. b. The breakdown of ATP is needed for transport to occur. c. The substance is moved across the cell membrane by a carrier protein. d. All of the above. e. Both a and c.

b. The breakdown of ATP is needed for transport to occur.

A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from a. a bacterium. b. a plant or an animal. c. any kind or organism. d. a plant, but not an animal. e. an animal, but not a plant.

b. a plant of an animal.

Which of the following is not found in a prokaryotic cell? a. DNA b. endoplasmic reticulum c. cell wall d. plasma membrane e. ribosomes

b. endoplasmic reticulum

The molecules responsible for membrane transport are a. steroids. b. proteins. c. phospholipids. d. carbohydrates. e. ATP.

b. proteins.

Insulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and secreted into the bloodstream. Which of the following choices best describes the route of insulin from its production to its exit from the cell? a. rough ER, Golgi apparatus, smooth ER, cell membrane b. rough ER, smooth ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane c. rough ER, transport vesicles, cell membrane d. rough ER, lysosomes, transport vesicles, cell membrane e. none of the above

b. rough ER, smooth ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane (answer key) e. none of the above (Sorensen)

The cells that produce hair contain a lot of _____. The cells that produce the oils that coat the hair contain a lot of _____. a. smooth endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes b. rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum d. nuclei, chromatin e. microbodies, lysosomes

b. rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following is not a true statement about the cytoskeleton? a. It helps to support cells. b. It includes both fibrous and globular proteins. c. Once laid down, the elements of the cytoskeleton are fixed and remain permanently in place. d. It plays an important role in amoeboid motion. e. It is composed of three types of fibers: microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments.

c. Once laid down, the elements of the cytoskeleton are fixed and remain permanently in place.

Which of the following statements would be true of the surface-to-volume ratio of a cell that doubled in volume? a. The ratio must stay the same, so that the balance of transport of materials into and out of the cell will not be disturbed. b. The ratio must decrease if the cell is to continue obtaining enough nutrients and gases. c. The ratio must increase if the cell is to continue obtaining enough nutrients and gases. d. The ratio must decrease, or the cell will lose too many biomolecules through its membrane. e. Both a and b are true.

c. The ratio must increase if the cell is to continue obtaining enough nutrients and gases.

Which of the following is not found in prokaryotic cells? a. a cell wall b. pili c. a nucleus d. ribosomes e. a capsule

c. a nucleus

A major function of glycoproteins and glycolipids in the cell membrane is to a. attach the cell membrane to the cytoskeleton. b. help the cell resist swelling. c. allow the cells of an embryo to identify each other and sort into tissues. d. glue cells together to form tissues. e. help the cell retain its shape.

c. allow the cells of an embryo to identify each other and sort into tissues.

Phagocytosis is to eating as pinocytosis is to a. chewing. b. lysis. c. drinking. d. osmosis. e. hydrolysis.

c. drinking.

Diffusion does not require the cell to expend ATP. Therefore, diffusion is considered a type of a. exocytosis. b. active transport. c. passive transport. d. phagocytosis. e. endocytosis.

c. passive transport.

Cyanide inhibits mitochondrial function; as a result, the rate of a. protein synthesis would increase. b. ATP synthesis would increase. c. photosynthesis would increase. d. ATP synthesis would decrease. e. lipid synthesis would increase.

d. ATP synthesis would decrease.

Which of the following is not a true statement about diffusion? a. It is driven by entropy. b. It requires no input of energy into the system. c. It proceeds until equilibrium is reached. d. It occurs when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas where they are more concentrated. e. It is a result of the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules.

d. It occurs when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas where they are more concentrated.

Which of the following processes could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell, if the substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings? a. facilitated diffusion b. diffusion c. osmosis d. active transport e. either a or c

d. active transport

You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant, animal, or bacterial. You look at them through a microscope and see cell walls and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude that the cells a. could be either plant or bacterial. b. are animal cells. c. are bacteria. d. are plant cells. e. could be plant, animal, or bacterial.

d. are plant cells.

Which of the following are prokaryotic cells? a. animals b. plants c. fungi d. bacteria e. both b and c

d. bacteria

When physicians perform an organ transplant, they choose a donor whose tissue match those of the recipient as closely as possible. Which of the following cell components is being matched? a. plasma membrane proteins b. cytoskeletal elements c. plasma membrane phospholipids d. cell-surface carbohydrates e. plasma membrane cholestrols

d. cell-surface carbohydrates

Which of these structures is unique to plant cells? a. peroxisome b. flagellum c. mitochondrion d. central vacuole e. nucleoid region

d. central vacuole

Which of the following is capable of converting light energy to chemical energy? a. peroxisomes b. mitochondria c. leucoplasts d. chloroplasts e. Golgi bodies

d. chloroplasts

Microfilaments differ from microtubules in that microfilaments a. are straight hollow tubes, whereas microtubules are solid helical rods. b. are composed of fibrous proteins, whereas microtubules are composed of globular proteins. c. help to anchor organelles, whereas microtubules primarily function to help cells change shape and move. d. consist of twisted double chains of actin molecules, whereas microtubules are composed of proteins called tubulins. e. both a and d.

d. consist of twisted double chains of actin molecules, whereas microtubules are composed of proteins called tubulins.

The nucleus of a cell a. is surrounded by a single layer of membrane. b. is the region of the cell where ribosomes are degraded. c. is contained within the nucleolus. d. contains DNA. e. both b and d.

d. contains DNA.

The nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell a. separates the DNA from the cytoplasm. b. is surrounded by a nucleoid membrane. c. contains the cell's nucleoli. d. contains the cell's DNA. e. a, b, and c.

d. contains the cell's DNA.

In lab, you use a special balloon that is permeable to water but not sucrose to make an "artificial cell." The balloon is filled with a solution fo 20% sucrose and 80% water and is immersed in a beaker containing a solution of 40% sucrose and 60% water. The solution in the balloon is _____ relative to the solution in the beaker. a. hydrophobic b. isotonic c. hydrophilic d. hypotonic e. hypertonic

d. hypotonic

A basal body is a. composed of nine microtubule doublets surrounding a central pair of microtubules. b. identical in structure to cilia. c. identical in structure to flagella. d. identical in structure to centrioles. e. composed of nine microtubule triplets surrounding a central pair of microtubules.

d. identical in structure to centrioles.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum a. produces hydrogen peroxide. b. is not connected to the membranes of the nuclear envelope. c. contains microbodies. d. is covered with ribosomes. e. is a site of lipid synthesis.

d. is covered with ribosomes.

A cell that neither gains nor loses water when it is immersed in a solution is a. metabolically inactive. b. dead. c. hypertonic to its environment. d. isotonic to its environment. e. hypotonic to its environment.

d. isotonic to its environment.

The organ that plays a major role in osmoregulation in humans is the a. pancreas. b. gill. c. gallbladder. d. kidney. e. spleen.

d. kidney.

Which of the following is not a part of the endomembrane system? a. smooth endoplasmic reticulum b. lysosomes c. rough endoplasmic reticulum d. mitrochondria e. Golgi apparatus

d. mitochondria

The act of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is a. diffusion. b. osmosis. c. receptor-mediated endocytosis. d. phagocytosis. e. pinocytosis.

d. phagocytosis.

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules? a. starches b. glucose c. lipids d. proteins e. steroids

d. proteins

The Golgi apparatus a. strings together amino acids to produce proteins. b. is composed of stacks of membranous vesicles that are continuous with one another. c. is the site of carbohydrate breakdown. d. stores proteins, modifies proteins, and packages proteins. e. forms fats from glycerol and fatty acids.

d. stores proteins, modifies proteins, and packages proteins.

Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that a. cholesterol cannot enter the cell. b. plasma membranes must be very thick. c. anything can pass into or out of a cell. d. the plasma membrane regulates the passage of material into and out of the cell. e. glucose cannot enter the cell.

d. the plasma membrane regulates the passage of material into and out of the cell.

The function of the nucleolus is a. to manufacture polypeptides. b. to store chromatin. c. intracellular digestion. d. to manufacture ribosomes. e. to produce H2O2.

d. to manufacture ribosomes.

When a cell is deprived of oxygen, its lysosomes tend to burst and release their contents into the cell. As a result of this, that cell will a. produce additional ER. b. undergo cell division. c. recycle damaged organelles. d. undergo autolysis (self-digestion). e. produce replacement lysosomes.

d. undergo autolysis (self-digestion).

Cellular metabolism a. consists of different processes that require different conditions. b. can involve the synthesis of steroid hormones. c. can occur within organelles. d. does not occur in plant cells. e. a, b, and c.

e. a, b, and c.

Active transport a. uses ATP as an energy source. b. requires the cell to expend energy. c. can move solutes up a concentration gradient. d. can involve the coupled passage of solutes. e. all of the above.

e. all of the above.

All cells on Earth a. can interconvert chemical materials. b. are enclosed in a membrane that maintains internal conditions different from the surroundings. c. have DNA as the genetic material. d. can interconvert forms of energy. e. all of the above.

e. all of the above.

Lysosomes a. help to digest worn-out or damaged organelles. b. fuse with food vacuoles to expose nutrients to hydrolytic enzymes. c. recycle materials within the cell. d. can destroy harmful bacteria engulfed by white blood cells. e. all of the above.

e. all of the above.

Plasmodesmata a. are one type of cell junction. b. carry nutrients between plant cells. c. penetrate plant cell walls. d. carry chemical messages between plant cells. e. all of the above.

e. all of the above.

Compartmentalization of a cell a. divides the cell into two equal-sized halves. b. is accomplished, in part, by the ER. c. allows different metabolic processes to occur simultaneously. d. is accomplished by the endomembrane system. e. b, c, and d.

e. b, c, and d.

Secretory proteins are a. produced by ribosomes on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. b. transported out of the cell in transport vesicles. c. produced by the cell for internal use. d. released from the cell through the plasma membrane. e. both b and d.

e. both b and d.

Which of the following relationships between cell structure and their respective functions is not correct? a. cell wall: support, protection b. chromosomes: genetic control information c. mitochondria: formation of ATP d. ribosomes: site of protein synthesis e. chloroplasts: chief site of cellular respiration

e. chloroplasts: chief site of cellular respiration

The area of a cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane is called a. organelle. b. intracellular compartment. c. DNA. d. protein. e. cytoplasm.

e. cytoplasm.

Small, nonpolar, hydrophobic molecules such as fatty acids a. very slowly diffuse through a membrane's lipid bilayer. b. requires transport proteins in order to pass through a membrane's lipid bilayer. c. enter the cell via endocytosis. d. are actively transported across cell membranes. e. easily pass through a membrane's lipid bilayer.

e. easily pass through a membrane's lipid bilayer.

When two aqueous solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a semipermeable membrane, and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will a. exhibit a net movement to the side with higher water concentration. b. not cross the membrane. c. exhibit an equal movement in both directions across the membrane. d. exhibit a net movement to the side with lower solute concentration. e. exhibit a net movement to the side with lower water concentration.

e. exhibit a net movement to the side with lower water concentration.

Certain cells that line the stomach synthesize a digestive enzyme and secrete it into the stomach. This enzyme is a protein. Which of the following processes could be responsible for its secretion? a. diffusion b. pinocytosis c. endocytosis d. passive transport e. exocytosis

e. exocytosis

A plant cell in a hypotonic solution a. lyses. b. is flaccid. c. wilts. d. shrivels. e. is turgid.

e. is turgid.

Unlike animal cells, plant cells have _____ and _____. Unlike plant cells, animal cells have _____. a. centrioles, cell walls, large central vacuoles b. centrioles, large central vacuoles, cell walls c. chloroplasts, cell walls, cell membranes d. large central vacuoles, cell walls, cell membranes e. large central vacuoles, cell walls, centrioles

e. large central vacuoles, cell walls, centrioles

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? a. nucleus - DNA replication b. cell membrane - lipid bilayer c. cytoskeleton - microtubules d. nucleolus - ribosomal RNA e. lysosome - protein synthesis

e. lysosome - protein synthesis

A bacterial cell's DNA is found in its a. nucleus. b. ribosomes. c. peroxisome. d. capsule. e. nucleoid region.

e. nucleoid region.

Which of the following components is present in a prokaryotic cell? a. nuclear envelope b. mitochondria c. ER d. chloroplasts e. ribosomes

e. ribosomes

Of the following, which is probably the most common route for membrane flow in the endomembrane system? a. nuclear envelope → lysosome → Golgi → plasma membrane b. ER → chloroplasts → mitochondrion → cell membrane c. Golgi → lysosome → ER → plasma membrane d. tonoplast → plasma membrane → nuclear envelope → smooth ER e. rough ER → vesicles → Golgi → plasma membrane

e. rough ER → vesicles → Golgi → plasma membrane

Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires _____ and moves a substance _____ its concentration gradient. a. energy, down b. energy and transport proteins, against c. energy and transport proteins, down d. transport proteins, against e. transport proteins, down

e. transport proteins, down

All cells have ribosomes, plasma membranes around the outside, and DNA in the nucleus.

false

Communicating junctions are found between animal cells but not in plant cells.

false

Dynein arms are located between microfilaments.

false

Plasmodesmata are found between plant cells and form a barrier which enables cells to conserve water.

false

nucleoid

found in prokaryotic cells only

Microtubules are the largest of the fibers of the cytoskeleton.

true

Peroxisomes contain the enzyme catalase.

true

The nucleolus is where ribosomes are produced.

true