BIOLOGY TEST!!!!!

A trait that an organism has which helps it to survive it's environment

Adaption

Finches on the Galapagos Islands are thought to have originated from South America and to have evolved into new species over the last 10,000 years. Some of this evolution is represented in the diagram below. (Diagram included)

Common ancestor

A certain species of plant serves as the only food for the young larvae of a particular species of butterfly. In a large field, a disease kills all the members of this plant species. As a result of the plant disease, the butterfly population will most likely

Disappear from the area

Which statement concerning this pattern of evolution is correct? (Evolution of elephants)

Evolution does not always result in a species that will survive to present time.

The theory of biological evolution includes the concept that

Individuals may acquire physical characteristics after birth and pass these acquired characteristics on to their offspring

State one way that the antibiotic formed by S. lugdunensis is different from most other antibiotics.(article-Nose antibiotics)

Lugdunin is produced by a bacterium that infects humans

Describe one observation made by scientists that led them to think that lugdunin would be effective against MRSA. (Article- nose antibiotics)

Lugdunin prevented MRSA from growing in Petri dishes and on the skin of mice infected with MRSA

The natural change in environment which will determine which traits are useful and which are not; those traits will be passed on to next generations

Natural selection

Which of the following statements is most closely related to the modern theory of evolution?

Organisms best adapted to a change in environment are more likely to reproduce and Past their genes to offspring

State one concern that doctors might have about using S. lugdunensis to treat MRSA.(article- Nose antibiotics)

S. lugdunensis can cause infections of the heart, joints, skin, and eyes.

Random recombination of genes during meiosis and fertilization produce unique organisms

Sexual reproduction

Which statement can best be inferred based on the information in the diagram? (Tree looking lines from 100 billion to present time)

Some species that are no longer successful in their environment may become extinct.

Evidence that best supports the theory of biological evolution was obtained from the

Study of fossil records

Describe how the mutation in the genes of a turtle ancestor turned out to be a beneficial evolutionary adaptation. (Article-turtle)

They produced skin proteins that protect against infection in humans.

Over the last 50 million years, icefish evolved many adaptations that contributed to their success in surviving the decreasing water temperatures of the ocean surrounding Antarctica. For example, they have the ability to produce an antifreeze protein that prevents their blood from freezing in waters that are now below the normal freezing point of fresh water. . Digestive Enzyme gene PROCESS X antifreeze gene

X - Mutation

In a population of birds, the percentage of individuals having a certain gene changes from 20% to 60% over the span of several hundred years. This situation will most likely affect the rate of

biological evolution

The development of specialized tissues and organs in a multicellular organism directly results from

differentiation

The sorting and recombination of genes during reproduction is important to evolution because these processes

increase variation that enables species to adapt to change

Any change in the DNA sequence

mutation

Which statement best describes a current understanding of natural selection?

natural selection influences the frequency of an adaptation in a population

The theory of biological evolution includes which concepts?

species of organisms found on Earth today have adaptations not always found in earlier species

When antibiotics were first developed, most infectious diseases could be controlled by them. Today, certain bacteria are resistant to many antibiotics. One possible explanation for this change is that

the antibiotics killed most of the bacteria that did not have a genetic variation for resistance

Which characteristic is necessary for natural selection to occur in a species?

variation