BIOLOGY - UNIT 2: CHEMISTRY OF LIFE
nucleic acids
The largest and most sophisticated molecules in a cell are _____.
vegetables
The most abundant sources of carbohydrates are:
fats
The most highly concentrated source of energy in the body is ________
8
The n = 2 shell of an atom contains a maximum of:___ electrons
Element
The number of protons in an atom determines the ______________.
phospholipids
The organic chemicals which help cell walls to conserve internal fluids are _____.
Hemoglobin
The oxygen-transporting protein in the blood is called _________________
Nitrogen
The principal elements found in living things are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and __________________.
4
The sugar-phosphate backbones of DNA are connected to one another by sequences of __ different bases.
hydrogen oxigen
The two elements besides carbon found in carbohydrates are _____.
energy output
What is expected when reactants break bonds?
Proteins
______ always contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
compound
a new substance formed by the combination of two or more different atoms
element
a substance consisting of only one type of atom
thymine
adanine
acids
are compounds that produce H+ ions in solution.
energy level
area that electrons are found around an atomic nucleus
enzyme
A catalyst for chemical reactions in biological systems is called a(n) .
polymer
A chemical compound in which each molecule is made up of two or more simpler molecules strung together.
DNA
A complex molecule containing the genetic code
lipid
A group of organic compounds including fats, steroids, and phospholipids.
protein
A large complex organic molecule consisting of a large number of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
RNA
A nucleic acid which participates in the synthesis of proteins
starch
A polymer of glucose units
polysaccharide
A polymer of simple sugars
5000
A protein may consist of as _______ many as amino acid molecules
antibody
A protein specialized to defend the body against disease
polymerization
A reaction in which two or more molecules unite, forming a more complex molecule.
nucleic acid
A sequence of sugars, phosphates and nitrogenous organic bases
nucleic acid
A sequence of sugars, phosphates and nitrogenous organic bases: DNA and RNA
glucose
A simple sugar (C6H12O6) occurring in plant and animal tissues
catalyst
A substance that helps a reaction to take place, but does not participate in the reaction is called a(n) _____.
Acid
A substance which yields an anion plus a proton is a(n):
carbohydrate
A sugar or polymer of sugar
carbohydrate
A sugar or polymer of sugar; contains the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
disaccharide
A two-sugar polymer
hormone
Aids in the control of a specific function in the organism
Carbon
All organic molecules contain the element _____.
protons
Atomic mass is determined by the number of neutrons plus __________.
peptide
Bonds between amino acids are called ________ bonds.
base
Capable of combining with hydrogen; it normally donates a hydroxyl (OH-)
hydrolysis
Carbohydrates are converted to energy by the process of ___________________
plants
Carbohydrates are produced readily by ? .
energy
Carbohydrates are the most readily available source of _____.
steroids
Cholesterol belongs to the group of lipids called _____.
Nitrogen
In addition to the elements found in carbohydrates and lipids, proteins contain the element___________
elements
Lavoisier proposed that all matter is composed from the same _____.
carbohydrates
Lipids are chemically most similar to:
carbohydrates.
Lipids are composed of the same basic elements as ________________
organic solvents
Lipids are soluble in solvents called _______
Nucleus
Most of the mass of an atom is contained in its _____.
hereditary
Nucleic acids carry the ______ codes of life.
amino acids
Sickle-cell anemia is caused by incorrect sequencing of _____.
lipids
Steroids are:
buffer
Substances which maintain a body's pH within narrow limits are called
structure
The DNA bases are attached to the phosphate part of the ___________________
amino acid
The basic building block of proteins
hydrolysis
The breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules with water being a reactant
Hydrolysis
The breakdown of molecules by the addition of water:
monosaccharide
The building block unit of carbohydrates; a simple sugar
paired
The connecting bases of DNA are always made of _______ sets.
cytosine
guanine
dehydration
synthesis A bonding of subunits to form a polymer with the loss of water
molecule
the smallest complete unit of a compound or diatomic gas
